A Lab-on-a-Chip Capillary Network for Red Blood Cell Diagnosis

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gou-Jen Wang ◽  
Guo-Yang Chen ◽  
Yan-Cheng Lin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Soft Lithography ◽  
Blood Rheology ◽  
Lab On A Chip ◽  
Circuit Theory ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Blood Disease

The main function of red blood cells (RBCs) is to circulate oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the human body. Accurate modeling of the transportation mechanism of RBCs inside microvessels will lead to better clinical diagnosis and prophylaxis of blood disease. This study combined hydrodynamics and basic circuit theory to produce a model and calculate the fluid mechanisms of the circulation of blood cells inside microvessels. The variations of physical properties inside the microvessels due to clogging by RBCs were analyzed. A lab-on-a-chip for RBC diagnosis was fabricated using soft lithography. Real experiments were conducted to verify the theoretical analysis and illustrate the capability of the device which was able to detect pathological changes in RBC deformability. The proposed device could be a convenient tool in the field of blood rheology and clinical applications.

Study on erythrocytes by SEM photogrammetry (SEMP) technique

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 724-725
Author(s):  
Tong Wensheng ◽  
Lu Lianhuang ◽  
Zhang Zhijun
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Normal Person ◽  
Blood Disease ◽  
Computation Technique ◽  
Important Basis

This is a combined study of two diffirent branches, photogrammetry and morphology of blood cells. The three dimensional quantitative analysis of erythrocytes using SEMP technique, electron computation technique and photogrammetry theory has made it possible to push the study of mophology of blood cells from LM, TEM, SEM to a higher stage, that of SEM P. A new path has been broken for deeply study of morphology of blood cells.In medical view, the abnormality of the quality and quantity of erythrocytes is one of the important changes of blood disease. It shows the abnormal blood—making function of the human body. Therefore, the study of the change of shape on erythrocytes is the indispensable and important basis of reference in the clinical diagnosis and research of blood disease.The erythrocytes of one normal person, three PNH Patients and one AA patient were used in this experiment. This research determines the following items: Height;Length of two axes (long and short), ratio; Crevice in depth and width of cell membrane; Circumference of erythrocytes; Isoline map of erythrocytes; Section map of erythrocytes.

Transport: blood and circulation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Burton ◽  
Margaret Burton
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Venous Return ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Nutrient Transport ◽  
Blood System ◽  
Fluid Component ◽  
Nucleated Red Blood Cells ◽  
Ventral Aorta ◽  
Osmotic Effects

The blood system transports nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogenous wastes; other functions include defence. Fish have a closed, single circulation in which blood is pumped by a contractile heart via a ventral aorta to the gills, then via the dorsal aorta to vessels supplying the tissues and organs, with a venous return to the heart. Large venous sinuses occur in elasmobranchs. Air-breathing fish have modifications of the circulation. Complex networks of narrow blood vessels can occur as red patches, retia, maximizing transfer of nutrients, oxygen or heat. Most fish have nucleated red blood cells (erythrocytes) with haemoglobin. The types of white blood cells (leucocytes) are similar to those of other vertebrates but there are thrombocytes rather than platelets. Nutrient transport is in the plasma, the fluid component of the blood, which may also carry antifreeze agents and molecules (e.g. urea in elasmobranchs) which counteract deleterious osmotic effects

scholarly journals Mathematical Models for Some Aspects of Blood Microcirculation

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1020
Author(s):  
Angiolo Farina ◽  
Antonio Fasano ◽  
Fabio Rosso
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Rheology ◽  
Small Class ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Blood Microcirculation ◽  
Peculiar Behavior

Blood rheology is a challenging subject owing to the fact that blood is a mixture of a fluid (plasma) and of cells, among which red blood cells make about 50% of the total volume. It is precisely this circumstance that originates the peculiar behavior of blood flow in small vessels (i.e., roughly speaking, vessel with a diameter less than half a millimeter). In this class we find arteriolas, venules, and capillaries. The phenomena taking place in microcirculation are very important in supporting life. Everybody knows the importance of blood filtration in kidneys, but other phenomena, of not less importance, are known only to a small class of physicians. Overviewing such subjects reveals the fascinating complexity of microcirculation.

scholarly journals Clinical applications of carbon dioxide/digital subtraction arteriography

1991 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred A. Weaver ◽  
Michael J. Pentecost ◽  
Albert E. Yellin ◽  
Steven Davis ◽  
Ethel Finck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Digital Subtraction ◽  
Digital Subtraction Arteriography

Electrokinetic Focusing and Dispensing of Particles and Cells on Microfluidic Chips

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangchun Xuan ◽  
Edmond W. K. Young ◽  
Dongqing Li
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Lab On A Chip ◽  
Microfluidic Chips ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Sample Stream ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Electrical Pulses

This work investigated the electrokinetic focusing and dispensing of polystyrene particles and red blood cells on microfluidic chips. Particles or cells were first electrokinetically focused using the merging of focusing streams on the sample stream, and subsequently separated as a result of the focusing. These particles or cells were then selectively dispensed from the focused sample stream using precise application of electrical pulses. The whole process of focusing, separation and dispensing of particles was visualized by a custom-made microscopy system. In particular, the width of the focused fluorescein stream and the accelerated electrophoretic motion of particles and cells were measured in a cross-channel and compared with a proposed analytical model. The electrokinetic manipulation of particles and cells demonstrated in this work can be used for developing integrated lab-on-a-chip devices for studies of cells.

scholarly journals Cholesterol is the main regulator of the carbon dioxide permeability of biological membranes

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (2) ◽  
pp. C137-C140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariela Arias-Hidalgo ◽  
Samer Al-Samir ◽  
Gerolf Gros ◽  
Volker Endeward
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Biological Membranes ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Membrane Cholesterol ◽  
Main Regulator

We present here a compilation of membrane CO2 permeabilities (Pco2) for various cell types from the literature. Pco2 values vary over more than two orders of magnitude. Relating Pco2 to the cholesterol content of the membranes shows that, with the exception of red blood cells, it is essentially membrane cholesterol that determines the value of Pco2. Thus, the observed strong modulation of Pco2 in the majority of membranes is caused by cholesterol rather than gas channels.

A Planar Labyrinth Micromixer

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy T. Cogswell ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Mohammad Faghri
Keyword(s):  
Soft Lithography ◽  
Lab On A Chip ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Mixing Efficiency ◽  
Mixing Length ◽  
Two Fluids ◽  
Curved Channels ◽  
Passive Mixing ◽  
Important Challenge

Rapid mixing of two fluids in microchannels has posed an important challenge to the development of many integrated lab-on-a-chip systems. In this paper, we present a planar labyrinth micromixer (PLM) to achieve rapid and passive mixing by taking advantage of a synergistic combination of the Dean vortices in curved channels, a series of perturbation to the fluids from the sharp turns, and an expansion and contraction of the flow field via a circular chamber. The PLM is constructed in a single soft lithography step and the labyrinth has a footprint of 7.32 mm × 7.32 mm. Experiments using fluorescein isothiocyanate solutions and deionized water demonstrate that the design achieves fast and uniform mixing within 9.8 s to 32 ms for Reynolds numbers between 2.5 and 30. Compared to the mixing in the prevalent serpentine design, our design results in 38% and 79% improvements on the mixing efficiency at Re = 5 and Re = 30 respectively. An inverse relationship between mixing length and mass transfer Pe´clet number (Pe) is observed, which is superior to the logarithmic dependence of mixing length on Pe in chaotic mixers. Having a simple planar structure, the PLM can be easily integrated into lab-on-a-chip devices where passive mixing is needed.

Low-Cost Microfluidic Channel Fabrication for Lab-on-a-Chip Application Using Optimized SU-8 Soft Lithography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Fazlay Rubby ◽  
Varsha Namboodiri ◽  
Mohammad Salman Parvez ◽  
Nazmul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Soft Lithography ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Microfluidic Channel ◽  
Lab On A Chip
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