Scale-Model Test Rig for Passive and Active Suspension Control Comparison

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathanael D. Annis ◽  
Steve C. Southward
Keyword(s):  
Model Simulation ◽  
Active Vibration Control ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Active Suspension ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Multiple Control ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Suspension Control

This paper presents the design and validation of an experimental test rig for direct visual and analytic comparison of fully active and semi-active suspension control algorithms using electromagnetic actuation. A linear mathematical model simulation of the test rig is presented, as well as experimental validation test results comparing passive against fully active and semi-active skyhook control algorithms. A variety of fully active and semi-active vibration control methods have been developed for primary suspensions. Our goal is to provide a development platform in which new algorithms can easily be implemented, in a cost effective manner on a physical system, and compared against existing algorithms to determine the performance characteristics of each. This platform will provide a standard of evaluation in which multiple control algorithms can be tested, and will help to simplify the design process.

scholarly journals Small-scale Experimental Test Rig for Lateral Vehicle Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-170
Author(s):  
Illés Vörös ◽  
László Turányi ◽  
Balázs Várszegi ◽  
Dénes Takács
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Velocity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Steering Control ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Test Environment ◽  
Analytical Stability

This paper presents the design and implementation of a small-scale hardware-in-the-loop test environment for lateral vehicle dynamics controllers. The test rig consists of a conveyor belt and a 1:10 scale model vehicle. The vehicle is anchored to the frame of the conveyor belt using a special fixture, which constrains only the longitudinal displacement of the car. Therefore, the longitudinal velocity of the vehicle is provided by the conveyor belt, while the steering is generated by the computational unit, where various control methods can be implemented. The test rig is equipped with sensors that provide accurate measurements of the position and orientation of the car, which can be used as feedback in the control algorithms. The paper includes a case study, where the analytical stability analysis of a lane-keeping controller is verified with experiments on the test rig. The proposed test environment provides a compact, cost effective and versatile framework for the testing of various steering control methods in a running vehicle, while maintaining the benefits of a controlled laboratory environment. The experimental setup can also be used for educational and demonstrational purposes.

Design and comparisons of adaptive harmonic control for a quarter-car active suspension

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110192
Author(s):  
Teodor-Constantin Nichiţelea ◽  
Maria-Geanina Unguritu
Keyword(s):  
Active Suspension ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Multiple Control ◽  
Control Solution ◽  
Body Acceleration ◽  
Front Suspension ◽  
The Road ◽  
Harmonic Control ◽  
Quarter Car

Car suspensions have the job to keep the tires in contact with the road surface as much as possible, to deliver steering stability with good handling and to guarantee passenger comfort. Most modern vehicles have independent front suspension and many vehicles also have independent rear suspension. Independent suspensions are preferred instead of dependent suspensions for their better ride handling, stability, steering and comfort but they provide less overall strength and a complex design which increases the cost and maintenance expenses for such a suspension. For this reason, automotive engineers struggle to discover new suspension components or advanced control solutions. Taking a step forward in this direction, the paper presents in the beginning one of the well-known mathematical models of a quarter-car active suspension. The obtained model is then implemented in a MATLAB/Simulink simulation which compares multiple control solutions. The only feedback considered for each control algorithm is the measurement of the body acceleration. Among these investigated control algorithms is the adaptive harmonic control solution proposed by this paper. The controller generates a harmonic control signal with variable amplitude and frequency based on the body acceleration feedback. The comparison analysis shows that the proposed control solution demonstrates quite good potential, generating in some cases better results than the other control algorithms.

Investigation of Control Algorithms for Semi-Active Suspension Systems Based on a Full Vehicle Model

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Ajaj ◽  
A. M. Sharaf ◽  
S. A. Hegazy ◽  
Y. H. Hossamel-deen
Keyword(s):  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Shock Absorber ◽  
Ride Comfort ◽  
Active Suspension ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Suspension Systems ◽  
Full Vehicle ◽  
Damping Characteristics ◽  
Active Suspension Systems ◽  
Suspension Control

This paper presents a comprehensive investigation of automotive semi-active suspension control algorithms and compares their characteristics in terms of ride comfort and tire-road holding ability. Particular attention has been paid to the semi-active suspension systems fitted with a shock absorber of dual damping characteristics. Different mathematical models are presented to investigate the ride response considering both simplified and complex vehicle models. Numerical simulation has been carried out through the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment which aids the future development of controllable suspension systems to improve vehicle ride comfort. The results show a considerable improvement of the vehicle ride response using different schemes of semi-active suspension system in particular the modified groundhook control algorithm.

Active Suspension Control Synthesis Using Reduced Order Models That Account for the Time Delay Between Road Inputs

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Michael Van Auken
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Model Reduction ◽  
Active Suspension ◽  
High Order ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Control Law ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Ground Vehicle ◽  
Reduced Order ◽  
Suspension Control

The control of wheeled ground vehicle suspension systems is well suited for analysis and refinement using multi-input multi-output (MIMO) control law synthesis methods for linear systems. Usually it is necessary and desirable to develop the control algorithms using a reduced order model of the system. Since such vehicles are also characterized by correlated road inputs with time delay between the front and rear wheels, it is also desirable to consider this delay during the model reduction process. If this delay is taken into consideration, then it may be possible to develop low order control algorithms which compensate for the vehicle modes that are disturbed by the road inputs, resulting in improved overall performance. This paper describes the application of model reduction to a model of a ground vehicle for active suspension control law synthesis. The vehicle is described by a high order MIMO model of a “half-car” with four rigid-body degrees of freedom and flexible body modes to account for structural vibration, plus additional states to represent colored noise road disturbance inputs. Fourth order MIMO models suitable for control law synthesis are then determined using internal balancing, taking into consideration the time delay between the front and rear wheels, followed by subsystem elimination. The performance of the vehicle (high order model) with the resulting low order active suspension control laws is then assessed.

Active Suspension Control of High-Performance Elevators

2014 ◽  
Vol 902 ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago M. Rivas López ◽  
Mario R. Sobczyk S. ◽  
Fabiano D. Wildner ◽  
Eduardo A. Perondi
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Active Suspension ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Suspension Systems ◽  
Cycle Simulation ◽  
Active Suspension Systems ◽  
Suspension Control ◽  
Operation Cycle ◽  
The Mathematical Model

This paper addresses a comparative study concerning five control techniques applied to high-performance elevators active suspension systems, such as those employed in "skyscrapers". The main objective is to present the different control techniques and analyze the fundamental characteristics of each controller. To accomplish this, the development of the mathematical model of the controlled system is outlined and its integration with the control algorithms is presented. Besides three classic controllers (State Feedback, PID and Sky Hook), due to the significant dynamic behavior dependence on the mass of the passengers in the total mass transported, two adaptive control algorithms are used to compensate the effects of the mass oscillations of the system as the number of passengers varies along the operation cycle. Simulation results are employed to illustrate the behavior of the system when controlled by means of the presented algorithms.

scholarly journals LENGVŲJŲ AUTOMOBILIŲ PASYVIŲ IR PUSIAU AKTYVIŲ PAKABŲ TYRIMAS / THE RESEARCH OF PASSENGER CAR PASSIVE AND SEMI-ACTIVE SUSPENSION

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (0) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Vytenis Surblys ◽  
Edgar Sokolovskij
Keyword(s):  
Software Package ◽  
Shock Absorber ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Active Suspension ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Matlab Simulink ◽  
Quarter Car Model ◽  
Car Model ◽  
Suspension Control ◽  
Quarter Car

In this article passenger car suspensions are analyzed, depending on the type of shock absorber. Introduced typical suspension components and semi-active suspension control called “Skyhook”. An overview of the literature is provided also presented the research of passive and semi-active suspension. A quarter-car model simulation has been performed using Matlab/Simulink software package. In results are analyzed sprung and unsprung masses displacements and suspension deflection rates when vehicle are moving over speed lowering bump. Santrauka Šiame darbe analizuojamos lengvųjų automobilių pakabos priklausomai nuo amortizatoriaus tipo. Pateikiamos tipinės sudedamosios pakabos dalys ir pusiau aktyvios pakabos, veikiančios „Skyhook“ valdymo principu. Pateikiama literatūros apžvalga, taip pat atliekamas pasyvios ir pusiau aktyvios pakabos tyrimas. Atliekamas ketvirčio automobilio modeliavimas „Matlab/Simulink“ programiniu paketu. Analizuojami amortizuotos ir neamortizuotos masių poslinkiai ir pakabos eigos greičiai, modeliui judant per nelygumą su skirtingomis pakabomis.

Strategic planning in grassland farming: Principles andapplications

1997 ◽  
pp. 191-197
Author(s):  
W.J. Parker ◽  
N.M. Shadbolt ◽  
D.I. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Key Performance Indicators ◽  
Strategic Plans ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Farm Business ◽  
Pastoral Farming ◽  
Financial Environment

Three levels of planning can be distinguished in grassland farming: strategic, tactical and operational. The purpose of strategic planning is to achieve a sustainable long-term fit of the farm business with its physical, social and financial environment. In pastoral farming, this essentially means developing plans that maximise and best match pasture growth with animal demand, while generating sufficient income to maintain or enhance farm resources and improvements, and attain personal and financial goals. Strategic plans relate to the whole farm business and are focused on the means to achieve future needs. They should be routinely (at least annually) reviewed and monitored for effectiveness through key performance indicators (e.g., Economic Farm Surplus) that enable progress toward goals to be measured in a timely and cost-effective manner. Failure to link strategy with control is likely to result in unfulfilled plans. Keywords: management, performance

scholarly journals Novel Regeneration Approach for Creating Reusable FO-SPR Probes with NTA Surface Chemistry

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Jia-Huan Qu ◽  
Karen Leirs ◽  
Remei Escudero ◽  
Žiga Strmšek ◽  
Roman Jerala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Nitrilotriacetic Acid ◽  
Antibody Fragments ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Red Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Surface Regeneration ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

To date, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors have been exploited in numerous different contexts while continuously pushing boundaries in terms of improved sensitivity, specificity, portability and reusability. The latter has attracted attention as a viable alternative to disposable biosensors, also offering prospects for rapid screening of biomolecules or biomolecular interactions. In this context here, we developed an approach to successfully regenerate a fiber-optic (FO)-SPR surface when utilizing cobalt (II)-nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) surface chemistry. To achieve this, we tested multiple regeneration conditions that can disrupt the NTA chelate on a surface fully saturated with His6-tagged antibody fragments (scFv-33H1F7) over ten regeneration cycles. The best surface regeneration was obtained when combining 100 mM EDTA, 500 mM imidazole and 0.5% SDS at pH 8.0 for 1 min with shaking at 150 rpm followed by washing with 0.5 M NaOH for 3 min. The true versatility of the established approach was proven by regenerating the NTA surface for ten cycles with three other model system bioreceptors, different in their size and structure: His6-tagged SARS-CoV-2 spike fragment (receptor binding domain, RBD), a red fluorescent protein (RFP) and protein origami carrying 4 RFPs (Tet12SN-RRRR). Enabling the removal of His6-tagged bioreceptors from NTA surfaces in a fast and cost-effective manner can have broad applications, spanning from the development of biosensors and various biopharmaceutical analyses to the synthesis of novel biomaterials.

scholarly journals Adaptive Semi-Active Suspension and Cruise Control through LPV Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 290
Author(s):  
Hakan Basargan ◽  
András Mihály ◽  
Péter Gáspár ◽  
Olivier Sename
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Active Suspension ◽  
Cruise Control ◽  
Linear Parameter Varying ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Look Ahead ◽  
Vehicle Velocity ◽  
Suspension Control ◽  
Road Data ◽  
Terrain Characteristics

Several studies exist on topics of semi-active suspension and vehicle cruise control systems in the literature, while many of them just consider actual road distortions and terrain characteristics, these systems are not adaptive and their subsystems designed separately. This study introduces a new method where the integration of look-ahead road data in the control of the adaptive semi-active suspension, where it is possible to the trade-off between comfort and stability orientation. This trade-off is designed by the decision layer, where the controller is modified based on prehistorical passive suspension simulations, vehicle velocity and road data, while the behavior of the controller can be modified by the use of a dedicated scheduling variable. The adaptive semi-active suspension control is designed by using Linear Parameter Varying (LPV) framework. In addition to this, it proposes designing the vehicle velocity for the cruise controller by considering energy efficiency and comfort together. TruckSim environment is used to validate the operation of the proposed integrated cruise and semi-active suspension control system.

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