A Dynamic Light-Duty Vehicle Model: Validation With Indoor and Outdoor Experimental Tests

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Cheli ◽  
Edoardo Sabbioni
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Vehicle ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Vehicle Model ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Light Duty Vehicle ◽  
Multi Body ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

A Multi-Body vehicle model aimed at reproducing the vertical dynamics of a light-duty commercial vehicle is presented in this paper. In order to properly model the vehicle and to identify some unknown structural parameters, experimental tests have been carried on a four-post test rig and on ordinary roads.

scholarly journals Tractor accelerated test on test rig

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mattetti ◽  
Giovanni Molari ◽  
A. Vertua ◽  
A. Guarnieri
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Acceleration Factor ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
The Real ◽  
Structural Part ◽  
Ground Testing ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Structural Tests

The experimental tests performed to validate a tractor prototype before its production, need a substantial financial and time commitment. The tests could be reduced using accelerated tests able to reproduce on the structural part of the tractor, the same damage produced on the tractor during real life in a reduced time. These tests were usually performed reproducing a particular harsh condition a defined number of times, as for example using a bumpy road on track to carry out the test in any weather condition. Using these procedures the loads applied on the tractor structure are different with respect to those obtained during the real use, with the risk to apply loads hard to find in reality. Recently it has been demonstrated how, using the methodologies designed for cars, it is possible to also expedite the structural tests for tractors. In particular, automotive proving grounds were recently successfully used with tractors to perform accelerated structural tests able to reproduce the real use of the machine with an acceleration factor higher than that obtained with the traditional methods. However, the acceleration factor obtained with a tractor on proving grounds is in any case reduced due to the reduced speed of the tractors with respect to cars. In this context, the goal of the paper is to show the development of a methodology to perform an accelerated structural test on a medium power tractor using a 4 post test rig. In particular, several proving ground testing conditions have been performed to measure the loads on the tractor. The loads obtained were then edited to remove the not damaging portion of signals, and finally the loads obtained were reproduced in a 4 post test rig. The methodology proposed could be a valid alternative to the use of a proving ground to reproduce accelerated structural tests on tractors.

scholarly journals Design and Experiment Using Flexible Bumps for Piezoelectric-Driven Hydraulically Amplified Braille Dot Display

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 795
Author(s):  
Xiaochao Tian ◽  
Yuze Sun ◽  
Zhiyao Li ◽  
Hu Wang ◽  
Zhicong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Output Displacement ◽  
Amplification Ratio ◽  
Fluid Resonance ◽  
Piezoelectric Vibrator ◽  
Flexible Film ◽  
Touch Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Standard

This paper describes the design of a piezoelectric-driven hydraulically amplified Braille-flexible bump device that enables the flexible formation of Braille characters. A piezoelectric vibrator is used to excite fluid resonance in a cavity, and displacement is realized by compressing the fluid, allowing Braille character dots to be formed. First, the structural design and working principle of the device, as well as the method used to drive the fluid, are explained. Expressions for the output displacement and amplification ratio of the flexible film and piezoelectric vibrator are then obtained through kinetic analysis of the system unit. Subsequently, the structural parameters that affect the output displacement and the liquid amplification are described. Finally, experimental tests of the system are explained. The results indicate that the output displacement of the contact formed by the flexible film reaches 0.214 mm, satisfying the requirements of the touch sensitivity standard for the blind, when the fluid cavity diameter measures 31 mm and the resonance frequency is 375.4 Hz. The corresponding water discharge is 8.8 mL. This study proves that constructing a Braille bump device in this way is both feasible and effective.

The analysis on the influence of mixed sliding-rolling motion mode to precision degradation of ball screw

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440622098201
Author(s):  
Qiang Cheng ◽  
Baobao Qi ◽  
Hongyan Chu ◽  
Ziling Zhang ◽  
Zhifeng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Ball Screw ◽  
Rolling Motion ◽  
Degradation Model ◽  
Sliding Motion ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
Motion Mode

The combination of sliding/rolling motion can influence the degree of precision degradation of ball screw. Precision degradation modeling and factors analysis can reveal the evolution law of ball screw precision. This paper presents a precision degradation model for factors analysis influencing precision due to mixed sliding-rolling motion. The precision loss model was verified through the comparison of theoretical models and experimental tests. The precision degradation due to rolling motion between the ball and raceway accounted for 29.09% of the screw precision loss due to sliding motion. Additionally, the total precision degradation due to rolling motion accounted for 21.03% of the total sliding precision loss of the screw and nut, and 17.38% of the overall ball screw precision loss under mixed sliding-rolling motion. In addition, the effects of operating conditions and structural parameters on precision loss were analyzed. The sensitivity coefficients of factors influencing were used to quantitatively describe impact degree on precision degradation.

scholarly journals Monte Carlo Simulation Methodology to Assess the Impact of Ambient Wind on Emissions from a Light-Commercial Vehicle Running on the Worldwide-Harmonized Light-Duty Vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC)

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 661
Author(s):  
Alexandros T. Zachiotis ◽  
Evangelos G. Giakoumis
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Commercial Vehicle ◽  
Ambient Wind ◽  
Simulation Methodology ◽  
Road Load ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Light Commercial Vehicle ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles ◽  
The Impact

A Monte Carlo simulation methodology is suggested in order to assess the impact of ambient wind on a vehicle’s performance and emissions. A large number of random wind profiles is generated by implementing the Weibull and uniform statistical distributions for wind speed and direction, respectively. Wind speed data are drawn from eight cities across Europe. The vehicle considered is a diesel-powered, turbocharged, light-commercial vehicle and the baseline trip is the worldwide harmonized light-duty vehicles WLTC cycle. A detailed engine-mapping approach is used as the basis for the results, complemented with experimentally derived correction coefficients to account for engine transients. The properties of interest are (engine-out) NO and soot emissions, as well as fuel and energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Results from this study show that there is an aggregate increase in all properties, vis-à-vis the reference case (i.e., zero wind), if ambient wind is to be accounted for in road load calculation. Mean wind speeds for the different sites examined range from 14.6 km/h to 24.2 km/h. The average increase in the properties studied, across all sites, ranges from 0.22% up to 2.52% depending on the trip and the property (CO2, soot, NO, energy consumption) examined. Based on individual trip assessment, it was found that especially at high vehicle speeds where wind drag becomes the major road load force, CO2 emissions may increase by 28%, NO emissions by 22%, and soot emissions by 13% in the presence of strong headwinds. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the adverse effect of headwinds far exceeds the positive effect of tailwinds, thus explaining the overall increase in fuel/energy consumption as well as emissions, while also highlighting the shortcomings of the current certification procedure, which neglects ambient wind effects.

Modelling of a Twin-Track Vehicle Model with Modular Wheel Suspensions

2012 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 214-218
Author(s):  
Michael Unterreiner ◽  
Dieter Schramm
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Jacobian Matrix ◽  
Vehicle Model ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Multi Body ◽  
Modelling Approach

A mathematical modelling approach of a multi-body wheel suspension is presented. The wheel suspension is modelled in a modular manner so that different types of vehicles can be simulated. The inter-changeability of the wheel suspensions is achieved by calculating the translational and rotational Jacobian matrix and its partial time derivatives for the wheel carrier and the wheel. The results of modelling the kinematics of a McPherson wheel suspension are shown.

Optimal investment strategies for light duty vehicle and electricity generation sectors in a carbon constrained world

2016 ◽  
Vol 255 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 391-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boxiao Chen ◽  
Erica Klampfl ◽  
Margaret Strumolo ◽  
Yan Fu ◽  
Xiuli Chao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Optimal Investment ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Light Duty Vehicle

Numerical and Experimental Approaches to Investigate the Stability of a Motorcycle Vehicle

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Cheli ◽  
Marco Bocciolone ◽  
Marco Pezzola ◽  
Elisabetta Leo
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Roll Angle ◽  
Longitudinal Motion ◽  
Reference Trajectory ◽  
Steering Angle ◽  
Steady State Condition ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Linearized Model

The study of motorcycle’s stability is an important task for the passenger’s safety. The range of frequencies involved for the handling stability is lower than 10 Hz. A numerical model was developed to access the stability of a motorcycle vehicle in this frequency range. The stability is analysed using a linearized model around the straight steady state condition. In this condition, the vehicle’s vertical and longitudinal motion are decoupled, hence the model has only four degrees of freedom (steering angle, yaw angle, roll angle and lateral translation), while longitudinal motion is imposed. The stability was studied increasing the longitudinal speed. The input of the model can be either a driver input manoeuvre (roll angle) or a transversal component of road input able to excite the vibration modes. The driver is introduced in the model as a steering torque that allows the vehicle to follow a reference trajectory. To validate the model, experimental tests were done. To excite the vehicle modes, the driver input was not taken into account considering both the danger for the driver and the repeatability of the manoeuvre. Two different vehicle configurations were tested: vehicle 1 is a motorcycle [7] and vehicle 2 is a scooter. Through the use of the validated model, a sensitivity analysis was done changing structural (for example normal trail, steering angle, mass) and non structural parameters (for example longitudinal speed).

Low-Level Automated Light-Duty Vehicle Technologies Provide Opportunities to Reduce Fuel Consumption

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (24) ◽  
pp. 60-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Vasebi ◽  
Yeganeh M. Hayeri ◽  
Constantine Samaras ◽  
Chris Hendrickson
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Aerodynamic Force ◽  
The United States ◽  
Route Guidance ◽  
Conventional Vehicle ◽  
Automated Vehicle ◽  
Fuel Savings ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Vehicle Systems ◽  
Light Duty Vehicle

Gasoline is the main source of energy used for surface transportation in the United States. Reducing fuel consumption in light-duty vehicles can significantly reduce the transportation sector’s impact on the environment. Implementation of emerging automated technologies in vehicles could result in fuel savings. This study examines the effect of automated vehicle systems on fuel consumption using stochastic modeling. Automated vehicle systems examined in this study include warning systems such as blind spot warning, control systems such as lane keeping assistance, and information systems such as dynamic route guidance. We have estimated fuel savings associated with reduction of accident and non-accident-related congestion, aerodynamic force reduction, operation load, and traffic rebound. Results of this study show that automated technologies could reduce light-duty vehicle fuel consumption in the U.S. by 6% to 23%. This reduction could save $60 to $266 annually for the owners of vehicles equipped with automated technologies. Also, adoption of automated vehicles could benefit all road users (i.e., conventional vehicle drivers) up to $35 per vehicle annually (up to $6.2 billion per year).

scholarly journals Impact of freeway weaving segment design on light-duty vehicle exhaust emissions

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 564-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Li ◽  
Fengxiang Qiao ◽  
Lei Yu ◽  
Shuyan Chen ◽  
Tiezhu Li
Keyword(s):  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Light Duty Vehicle

Environmental and Safety Performance of Commercially-available Light-duty Vehicle Tires in North America

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamza Shafique ◽  
Brad Richard ◽  
Martha Christenson ◽  
Sandra Bayne
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Light Duty Vehicle
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