The Dynamic Transmission Error and the Tooth Meshing Force Based on ANSYS/LS-DYNA

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyu Chen ◽  
Jinyuan Tang ◽  
Xin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Deformable Body ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Gear Transmission ◽  
Dynamic Phenomenon ◽  
Discrete Parameter ◽  
Body Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dynamic Transmission Error

Two dynamic models of meshing contact in gear transmission are established. The transient dynamic characteristics of the gear transmission along line of action were analyzed based on deformable-body model and discrete parameter model. The curves on the displacement, the speed and the meshing force of the gear tooth meshing node with the change of time were gotten. Dynamic transmission error curves and teeth loads were computed within a wide range of rotational speed for different torques and working conditions with and without friction force. The results of the dynamic transmission error and dynamic teeth loads are validated by comparing the calculating results with that of the former experimental data. The research provides basic data for analyzing the gear impact and predicting the fatigue life of gear tooth, and it is also beneficial for the optimum design of gear parameters and the understanding of the dynamic phenomenon of gear meshing impact.

A Study of the Relationship Between the Dynamic Factors and the Dynamic Transmission Error of Spur Gear Pairs

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. Tamminana ◽  
A. Kahraman ◽  
S. Vijayakar
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Deformable Body ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Spur Gear ◽  
Gear Mesh ◽  
Dynamic Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dynamic Transmission Error ◽  
Torque Values

In this study, two different dynamic models, a finite-element-based deformable-body model and a simplified discrete model, are developed to predict dynamic behavior of spur gear pairs. Dynamic transmission error (DTE) and dynamic factors (DF) defined based on the gear mesh loads, tooth loads and bending stresses are computed for a number of unmodified and modified spur gears within a wide range of rotational speed for different involute contact ratios and torque values. Although similar models were proposed in the past, they were neither fully validated nor equipped to predict both DTE and different forms of DF. Accordingly, this study focuses on (i) validation of both models through an extensive set of experimental data obtained from a set of tests using spur gear having unmodified and modified tooth profiles, and (ii) establishment of a direct link between DTE and different forms of DF, especially the ones based on tooth forces and the root stresses. The predicted DF and DTE values are related to each other through simplified formulas. Impact of nonlinear behavior, such as tooth separations and jump discontinuities on DF, is also quantified.

Static and Dynamic Transmission Error Measurements of Helical Gear Pairs With Various Tooth Modifications

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Benatar ◽  
M. Handschuh ◽  
A. Kahraman ◽  
D. Talbot
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Helical Gear ◽  
Forced Response ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Gear Mesh ◽  
Dynamic Transmission Error ◽  
Static Transmission Error

This paper presents a set of motion transmission error data for a family of helical gears having different profile and lead modifications operated under both low-speed (quasi-static) and dynamic conditions. A power circulatory test machine is used along with encoder and accelerometer-based transmission error measurement systems to quantify motion transmission behavior within wide ranges of torque and speed. Results of these experiments indicate that the tooth modifications impact the resultant static and dynamic transmission error amplitudes significantly. A design load is shown to exist for each gear pair of different modifications where static transmission error amplitude is minimum. Forced response curves and waterfall plots are presented to demonstrate that the helical gear pairs tested act linearly with no signs of nonlinear behavior such as tooth contact separations. Furthermore, static and dynamic transmission error amplitudes are observed to be nearly proportional, suggesting that static transmission error can be employed in helical gear dynamic models as the main gear mesh excitation. The data presented here is intended to fill a void in the literature by providing means for validation of load distribution and dynamic models of helical gear pairs.

Investigation of tooth contact deviations from the plane of action and their effects on gear transmission error

2005 ◽  
Vol 219 (5) ◽  
pp. 501-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
C H Wink ◽  
A L Serpa
Keyword(s):  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Contact Analysis ◽  
Gear Transmission ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Tooth Contact ◽  
Helical Gears ◽  
Influence Coefficients ◽  
Manufacturing Errors ◽  
Tooth Surfaces

In this paper tooth contact deviations from the plane of action and their effects on gear transmission error are investigated. Tooth contact deviations come from intentional modification of involute tooth surfaces such as tip and root profile relief; manufacturing errors such as adjacent pitch error, profile errors, misalignment and lead errors; and tooth elastic deflections under load, for example, bending and local contact deflections. Those deviations are usually neglected on gear tooth contact models. A procedure to calculate the static transmission error of spur and helical gears under loading is proposed. In the proposed procedure, contact analysis is carried out on the whole tooth surface, eliminating the usual assumption that tooth contact occurs only on the plane of action. Lead and profile modifications, manufacturing errors and tooth elastic deflections are considered in the calculation procedure. The method of influence coefficients is employed to calculate the tooth elastic deflections. Load distribution on gear meshing is determined using an iterative-incremental method. Results of some numerical examples of spur and helical gears are analysed and discussed. The results indicate that the tooth contact deviations from the plane of action can lead to imprecision on the gear transmission error calculation if they are not take into account. Therefore, the proposed procedure provides a more accurate calculation methodology of gear transmission error, since a global contact analysis is done.

Finite Element/Contact Mechanics Analysis of Spur Gear Pairs With Tooth Root Cracks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaosen Wang ◽  
Adrian A. Hood ◽  
Christopher G. Cooley
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Contact Mechanics ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Spur Gear ◽  
Tooth Root ◽  
Transmission Errors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dynamic Transmission Error ◽  
Root Crack

Abstract This study analyzes the nonlinear static and dynamic response in spur gear pairs with tooth root crack damage. A finite element/contact mechanics (FE/CM) model is used that accurately captures the elastic deformations on the gear teeth due to kinematic motion, tooth and rim deformations, vibration, and localized increases in compliance due to a tooth root crack. The damage is modeled by releasing the connectivity of the finite element mesh at select nodes near a tooth crack. The sensitivity of the calculated static transmission errors and tooth mesh stiffnesses is determined for varying crack initial locations, final locations, and the path from the initial to final location. Gear tooth mesh stiffness is calculated for a wide range of tooth root crack lengths, including large cracks that extend through nearly all of the tooth. Mesh stiffnesses are meaningfully reduced due to tooth root crack damage. The dynamic response is calculated for cracks of varying length. Larger cracks result in increased peak dynamic transmission errors. For small tooth root cracks the spectrum of dynamic transmission error contains components near the natural frequency of the gear pair. The spectrum of dynamic transmission error has broadband frequency response for large tooth root cracks that extend further than one-half of the tooth’s thickness.

Dynamic Analysis of Gear–Shaft–Bearing Coupled System Considering Bearing Waviness Defect

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Bai ◽  
Chaosheng Song ◽  
Caichao Zhu ◽  
Jianjun Tan ◽  
Xinzi Li
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Vibrational Energy ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Coupled System ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Gear Transmission ◽  
Dynamic Mesh ◽  
Gear Transmission System ◽  
Dynamic Transmission Error

Abstract Using finite element and lumped parameter methods, a gear–shaft–bearing coupled vibration model was developed for a single-stage gear transmission system considering bearing waviness, bearing clearance, time-varying transmission error excitation, and shaft flexibility. Runge–Kutta algorithm was applied for solving the dynamic response of the coupled model. The influences of rotational speed, the number, and amplitude of bearing waviness on the dynamics were studied. Results show that any change in the number of bearing waviness has an obvious impact on the dominant frequency component of the dynamic transmission error. When the number of bearing waviness is equal to the number or multiples of the rolling element, the dynamic mesh force occurs peak response and the system vibrates violently. At low and medium speeds range, the gear transmission system with bearing waviness has larger vibrational energy than the gear transmission system without bearing waviness, leading to unstable dynamic response, which would potentially cause a significant chaotic response. The dominant frequencies of the dynamic transmission error for the gear transmission system with bearing waviness are the ball passage frequency (BPF) and its harmonic frequency. At high speeds range, the main excitation is the transmission error both for the gear transmission systems with and without bearing waviness. In addition, the increasing amplitude of bearing waviness would enlarge the dynamic mesh force and decrease the number of loaded rolling elements.

scholarly journals An Experimental Investigation of the Impact of Random Spacing Errors on the Dynamic Transmission Error of Spur Gear Pairs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nevin Anandika ◽  
Ahmet Kahraman ◽  
David Talbot
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Spectrum ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Random Sequence ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Spur Gear ◽  
Engineering Industry ◽  
Gear Pair ◽  
Gear Mesh ◽  
Dynamic Transmission Error ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Noise and vibration performance of a gear system is critical in any engineering industry. Excessive vibrational amplitudes originated by the excitations at the gear meshes propagate to the transmission housing to cause noticeable noise, while also increasing gear tooth stresses to degrade durability. As such, gear designers must generate designs that are nominally quiet with low-vibration amplitudes. This implies a gear pair fabricated exactly to the specifications of its blue print will be acceptable for its vibration behavior. Achieving this, however, is not sufficient. As the manufacturing of gears require them to be subject to bands of tolerances afforded by the manufacturing processes employed, the designers must be concerned about variations to the performance of their presumably quite baseline designs within these tolerance bands. This research aims at demonstrating how one type of manufacturing error, random tooth spacing errors, alter the vibratory behavior of a spur gear pair. Two pairs of spur gears are tested for their dynamic transmission error performance. One gear pair with no tooth spacing errors form the baseline. The second gear pair contain an intentionally induced random sequence of spacing errors. The forced vibration responses of both gear pairs are compared within wide ranges of speed and torque. This comparison shows that there is a clear and significant impact of random spacing errors on spur gear dynamics, measurable through examination of their respective transmission error signatures. In the off-resonance regions of speed, vibration amplitudes of the random error pair are higher than the no-error baseline spur gear pair. Meanwhile, at or near resonance peaks, the presence of random spacing errors tends to lower the peak amplitudes slightly as compared to the no-error baseline spur gear pair. The presence of random spacing errors introduces substantial harmonic content that are non-mesh harmonics. This results in a broadband frequency spectrum in addition to an otherwise well-defined frequency spectrum with gear-mesh order components, pointing to an additional concern of noise quality.

Effects of the Gear Tooth Modification on the Nonlinear Dynamics of Gear Transmission System

2010 ◽  
Vol 97-101 ◽  
pp. 2764-2769
Author(s):  
Si Yu Chen ◽  
Jin Yuan Tang ◽  
C.W. Luo
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Dynamics ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Meshing Stiffness ◽  
Gear Transmission System ◽  
Tooth Modification ◽  
Static Transmission Error ◽  
Misalignment Error

The effects of tooth modification on the nonlinear dynamic behaviors are studied in this paper. Firstly, the static transmission error under load combined with misalignment error and modification are deduced. These effects can be introduced directly in the meshing stiffness and static transmission error models. Then the effect of two different type of tooth modification combined with misalignment error on the dynamic responses are investigated by using numerical simulation method. The numerical results show that the misalignment error has a significant effect on the static transmission error. The tooth crowning modification is generally preferred for absorbing the misalignment error by comparing with the tip and root relief. The tip and root relief can not resolve the vibration problem induced by misalignment error but the crowning modification can reduce the vibration significantly.

Influence of gear tooth addendum and dedendum on the helical gear optimization considering mass, efficiency, and transmission error

2021 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 104476
Author(s):  
Chanho Choi ◽  
Hyoungjong Ahn ◽  
Young-jun Park ◽  
Geun-ho Lee ◽  
Su-chul Kim
Keyword(s):  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Helical Gear

Influence of the backlash generated by tooth accumulated wear on dynamic behavior of compound planetary gear set

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (11) ◽  
pp. 2025-2041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shijing Wu ◽  
Haibo Zhang ◽  
Xiaosun Wang ◽  
Zeming Peng ◽  
Kangkang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Planetary Gear ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Gear Transmission ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Contact Ratio ◽  
The Impact

Backlash is a key internal excitation on the dynamic response of planetary gear transmission. After the gear transmission running for a long time under load torque, due to tooth wear accumulation, the backlash between the tooth surface of two mating gears increases, which results in a larger and irregular backlash. However, the increasing backlash generated by tooth accumulated wear is generally neglected in lots of dynamics analysis for epicyclic gear trains. In order to investigate the impact of backlash generated by tooth accumulated wear on dynamic behavior of compound planetary gear set, in this work, first a static tooth surface wear prediction model is incorporated with a dynamic iteration methodology to get the increasing backlash generated by tooth accumulated wear for one pair of mating teeth under the condition that contact ratio equals to one. Then in order to introduce the tooth accumulated wear into dynamic model of compound planetary gear set, the backlash excitation generated by tooth accumulated wear for each meshing pair in compound planetary gear set is given under the condition that contact ratio equals to one and does not equal to one. Last, in order to investigate the impact of the increasing backlash generated by tooth accumulated wear on dynamic response of compound planetary gear set, a nonlinear lumped-parameter dynamic model of compound planetary gear set is employed to describe the dynamic relationships of gear transmission under the internal excitations generated by worn profile, meshing stiffness, transmission error, and backlash. The results indicate that the introduction of the increasing backlash generated by tooth accumulated wear makes a significant influence on the bifurcation and chaotic characteristics, dynamic response in time domain, and load sharing behavior of compound planetary gear set.

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