An Objective Evaluation of Displacement-Amplifying Compliant Mechanisms for Sensor Applications

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girish Krishnan ◽  
G. K. Ananthasuresh
Keyword(s):  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Compliant Mechanisms ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Force Sensor ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Capacitive Accelerometer ◽  
General Evaluation

Displacement-amplifying compliant mechanisms (DaCMs) reported in literature are mostly used for actuator applications. This paper considers them for sensor applications that rely on displacement measurement, and evaluates them objectively. The main goal is to increase the sensitivity under constraints imposed by several secondary requirements and practical constraints. A spring-mass-lever model that effectively captures the addition of a DaCM to a sensor is used in comparing eight DaCMs. We observe that they significantly differ in performance criteria such as geometric advantage, stiffness, natural frequency, mode amplification, factor of safety against failure, cross-axis stiffness, etc., but none excel in all. Thus, a combined figure of merit is proposed using which the most suitable DaCM could be selected for a sensor application. A case-study of a micro machined capacitive accelerometer and another case-study of a vision-based force sensor are included to illustrate the general evaluation and selection procedure of DaCMs with specific applications. Some other insights gained with the analysis presented here were the optimum size-scale for a DaCM, the effect on its natural frequency, limits on its stiffness, and working range of the sensor.

Evaluation and Design of Displacement-Amplifying Compliant Mechanisms for Sensor Applications

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Girish Krishnan ◽  
G. K. Ananthasuresh
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Body ◽  
Compliant Mechanisms ◽  
Force Sensor ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Size Optimization ◽  
Mass Model ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Capacitive Accelerometer ◽  
Points Of Interest ◽  
Primary Problem

Displacement-amplifying compliant mechanisms (DaCMs) reported in literature are widely used for actuator applications. This paper considers them for sensor applications that rely on displacement measurement, and proposes methods to evaluate and design such mechanisms. The motivation of this work is to increase the sensitivity of a micromachined capacitive accelerometer and a minute mechanical force sensor using DaCMs. A lumped spring-mass-lever (SML) model, which effectively captures the effects of appending a DaCM to a sensor, is introduced. This model is a generalization of the ubiquitously used spring-mass model for the case of an elastic body that has two points of interest—an input and an output. The SML model is shown to be useful in not only evaluating the suitability of an existing DaCM for a new application but also for designing a new DaCM. With the help of this model, we compare a number of DaCMs from literature and identify those that nearly meet the primary problem specifications. To obtain improved designs that also meet the secondary specifications, topology and size-optimization methods are used. For the two applications considered in this paper, we obtain a few new DaCM topologies, which are added to the catalog of DaCMs for future use. The spring-mass-lever model, the evaluation and design methods, and the catalog of DaCMs presented here are useful in other sensor and actuator applications.

scholarly journals Performance Requirements on Remodeling Apartment Housing and TOPSIS Evaluation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaeho Cho ◽  
Jaeyoul Chun
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Multicriteria Decision Making ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Functional Improvement ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Topsis Model

Functional improvement needed in remodeling projects is determined by users in a complex manner since remodeling projects require performance improvement against deterioration. This study defines fundamental Remodeling Performance Criteria (RPC) for apartment housing by referring to performance criteria of both domestic and international performance-related systems. In this case study, performance evaluation of Construction Element Method (CEM) for remodeling projects was conducted based on RPC. For the objective evaluation of CEM, performance scores were calculated and normalized by using the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) model, which is used in a multicriteria decision-making method. The TOPSIS evaluation model allows for a comprehensive and comparative analysis on the performance of the remodeling solution. The TOPSIS model in this study suggests a standard logic of performance evaluation for aged buildings as it analyzes the degree of deterioration at the prior remodeling phase and predicts the performance improvement level for CEM at the remodeling planning phase.

Predictive Validity of a Selection Procedure for Air Traffic Controller Trainees

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Pecena ◽  
Doris Keye ◽  
Kristin Conzelmann ◽  
Dietrich Grasshoff ◽  
Peter Maschke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Training Phase ◽  
Air Traffic Controller ◽  
Training Performance ◽  
Navigation Service ◽  
German Aerospace ◽  
Training Success

The job of an air traffic controller (ATCO) is very specific and demanding. The assessment of potential suitable candidates requires a customized and efficient selection procedure. The German Aerospace Center DLR conducts a highly selective, multiple-stage selection procedure for ab initio ATCO applicants for the German Air Navigation Service Provider DFS. Successful applicants start their training with a training phase at the DFS Academy and then continue with a unit training phase in live traffic. ATCO validity studies are scarcely reported in the international scientific literature and have mainly been conducted in a military context with only small and male samples. This validation study encompasses the data from 430 DFS ATCO trainees, starting with candidate selection and extending to the completion of their training. Validity analyses involved the prediction of training success and several training performance criteria derived from initial training. The final training success rate of about 79% was highly satisfactory and higher than that of other countries. The findings demonstrated that all stages of the selection procedure showed predictive validity toward training performance. Among the best predictors were scores measuring attention and multitasking ability, and ratings on general motivation from the interview.

scholarly journals Objective Evaluation of Drivability in Passenger Cars with Dual-Clutch Transmission: A Case Study of Static Gearshift Condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Xuexun Guo ◽  
Xiaofei Pei ◽  
Chengcai Zhang ◽  
Jun Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Ahp ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Dual Clutch Transmission ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Denoising Method ◽  
Fuzzy Matrix ◽  
Predictability Score

This paper is aimed at the problem that the subjective drivability evaluation by experienced test drivers is limited in time efficiency and is of high cost and poor repeatability. In this article, an intelligent drivability objective evaluation tool (I-DOET) for passenger cars with dual-clutch transmission (DCT) is developed and verified by real vehicle testing. First, the signal denoising method and its key parameters, which are suitable for drivability evaluation, are selected based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). Besides, combined with the uncertainty characteristics of subjective judgment, a mathematical model of the objective drivability evaluation FARODE (fuzzy AHP-RS based on objective drivability evaluation) is proposed by using the fuzzy comprehensive assessment (FCA) method. The AHP and rough set (RS) method are used to calculate the subjective and objective weights of the drivability evaluation, respectively, and the proportion of subjective and objective weights is determined by the principle of minimum relative information entropy. The fuzzy matrix is built by membership function of the evaluation indexes. Finally, the static gearshift condition focused on by the subjective evaluation experts is taken as a case study. The predictability score is obtained by combining the drivability quantization lever vector, comprehensive weight, and fuzzy matrix. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method is applicable for objective drivability evaluation in passenger cars with DCT.

scholarly journals Research on feeder network design: a case study of feeder service for the port of Kotka

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yisong Lin ◽  
Xuefeng Wang ◽  
Hao Hu ◽  
Hui Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Numerical Experiment ◽  
Network Design ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Real Life Data ◽  
The Mathematical Model

Abstract By exemplifying the feeder service for the port of Kotka, this study proposed a multi-objective optimization model for feeder network design. Innovative for difference from the single-objective evaluation system, the objective of feeder network design was proposed to include single allocation cost, intra-Europe cargo revenue, equipment balance, sailing cycle, allocation utilization, service route competitiveness, and stability. A three-stage control system was presented, and numerical experiment based on container liner’s real life data was conducted to verify the mathematical model and the control system. The numerical experiment revealed that the three-stage control system is effective and practical, and the research ideas had been applicable with satisfactory effect.

scholarly journals Performance analysis of a reservoir in arid region Case study: Babar reservoir, Aurès region, Algeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Z. Tebbi ◽  
Hadda Dridi ◽  
Mahdi Kalla
Keyword(s):  
Reservoir Operation ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
R Package ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Stochastic Dynamic ◽  
Operation Optimization ◽  
Rule Curves ◽  
Demand Scenario

AbstractLong term and mid-term reservoir operation involves derivation of rule curves for optimal management of the available resource. The present work deals with reservoir operation in the Aurès arid region. As an example, Babar reservoir is selected to apply the proposed approach which estimates all the water balance terms, especially those which are random as water inflows. For each demand scenario a reservoir operation optimization model using Explicit Stochastic Dynamic Programming (ESDP) is performed, to derive optimal rule curves based on historical operating records (Jan 2002–Dec 2013) and using “Reservoir” R package®. Subsequently, risk analysis is conducted for these different demand scenarios rules by the RRV (reliability, resilience, vulnerability) metrics. Results show the advantage of using the “Reservoir” R package for a rapid and an easy analysis of the performance criteria jointly with the optimization algorithm to Re-operate Reservoir operation.

scholarly journals A Case Study of Natural Frequency of the Tram Rail Due to Vibration Using Wavelets

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pushan Kumar Dutta ◽  
Mircea Bogdan Tătaru ◽  
Ovidiu Moldovan ◽  
Tiberiu Vesselenyi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Frequency

District-scale water management: impacts on infrastructure, energy, pollution and greenhouse gas emissions

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Myers ◽  
P. Grace ◽  
E. Lopez Calva ◽  
X. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Conceptual Development ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Peak Runoff ◽  
The Impact

This paper explores the impact of water conservation and rainwater harvesting practices implemented at the site or district scale on the infrastructure, energy and water cycles of their larger urban systems. A case study is presented of a conceptual development in a Southeast Asian climate. Two technologies are examined: water-efficient fixtures and appliances and rainwater harvesting and beneficial use. Practices to reduce water consumption at the site or district scale have implications in the larger system, ranging from reductions in water that has to be treated and distributed, reductions in wastewater that has to be collected and treated, and reductions in energy consumed. Similarly, using rainwater for irrigation will reduce the amount of potable water demand, and will have system energy implications. The paper considers performance criteria for the entire water-energy system, including peak runoff, pollutant loads, energy and carbon footprints.

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