Technique to Handle Local Constraints in Multibody Dynamics

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoto Kamiyama ◽  
Masahiko Aki ◽  
Takahito Sagane ◽  
Hiroshi Tajima ◽  
Kazuto Seto
Keyword(s):  
Nonholonomic System ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Local Constraints ◽  
Calculation Time ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Car Suspension ◽  
Redundant Variable ◽  
Small Parts ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Velocity Level

Sometimes we have a system that can be expressed basically by independent variables, with some redundant variable groups to decide only small parts of the system respectively. If the constrains of these redundant variables in each group are not coupled with each other, namely these are no common variables, we call them as local constraints. Example of local constrains are Euler parameter constraint and constrains of link mechanism of car suspension system. The necessity of redundant variables can also be limited for position level. Within the simple nonholonomic system we can always select the appropriate independent velocities to express the other velocity level variables. If the system has only local constraints, it is inefficient to use the typical DAE formulation, which handled all the constraints simultaneously. The technique we explain in this paper has advantage in calculation time and also in the sense of constrain stabilization. This paper gives a basic idea of the technique and its general formulation. Also three examples are explained which we used to confirm the effectiveness of the technique. We got a good result of constrains stabilization. More detailed examination about the calculation time and the constraint stabilization is planned in near future before we proceed to construct a simulation program of complex elastic vehicle model.

scholarly journals Mapping Mobile Payment Adoption: Customers’ Trends and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Vaggelis Saprikis ◽  
Maro Vlachopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Mobile Payment ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Mobile Payments ◽  
Intention To Adopt ◽  
Technology Industry ◽  
Payments Systems ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Adoption Intention

The continuous advancement of the mobile technology industry and the wide acceptance of mobile devices worldwide have provided great prospects to customers regarding their monetary transactions. As a result, numerous individuals use their mobile devices, mainly their smartphone; to pay online and even more are expected to take advantage of the mobile payments in the near future. This study conducts an up-to-date review to survey the landscape of individuals’ behavioral intention to adopt m-payments systems and services in the last five years (2015-2019 period). In specific, the aim of this review paper is twofold. First, it collects and summarizes the review papers that focus on customers’ m-payment adoption intention as an umbrella review. Second, it analyzes all recently top quantitative primary research papers that examined the aforementioned topic and presents a detailed examination of their objectives and research outcomes as a scoping review. Both of these analyzes are expected to increase the understanding of m-payments adoption and their underlying factors that influence individuals’ decision to adopt them, as well as reveal research gaps. Consequently, the paper aims to be a useful tool for mapping the research trends in current literature regarding mobile payment.

VII.—Fossil Pollen in Scottish Tertiary Coals

1937 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 90-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Complete Picture ◽  
Fossil Pollen ◽  
Sedimentary Deposits ◽  
Pollen Content ◽  
Preliminary Account ◽  
Entire Thickness ◽  
Interesting Task ◽  
Near Future

Associated with the volcanic rocks of Tertiary age that bulk so largely in the Mull, Morvern, and Ardnamurchan districts of Argyllshire, western Scotland, are occasional sedimentary deposits of insignificant proportions. The sediments, for the most part, consist of sandstones and conglomerates, but there may also be shaly bands and thin, impersistent seams of lignites (Mull Memoir, 1924, Chap. III). These lignites have been found to possess an abundant pollen-content of great interest and considerable variety, and this paper is a preliminary account of some of the forms isolated. It has not yet been possible to make a detailed examination of each seam throughout its entire thickness and thus get a complete picture of its pollen-aspect—but it is hoped to attempt this interesting task in the near future.

scholarly journals Les partis politiques et les élections européennes un an après : bilan et perspectives

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-705
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Seiler ◽  
Michel Duquette
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Political Life ◽  
First Year ◽  
Universal Suffrage ◽  
Common Interests ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Nationalist Parties ◽  
Political Scene

This study covers the one-year period since the first election of the European Assembly by universal suffrage, the results of which were rather misleading. The authors attempt to elaborate a conceptual framework capable of analyzing empirically the programs and ideological stands of the parties in the Strasbourg Chamber as they have evolved since the election. As a point of reference, the analysis has recourse to three socio-political cleavages which were observable throughout late European history or tend to appear in the modem context of political life; these include the divisions between 1) "bourgeois" and working class parties; 2) europeanist versus nationalist parties, and 3) industralist (or productivist) as opposed to "ecological" party formations. A detailed examination of both the interventions of euro-deputies in Assembly debates, and data recorded in several interviews with some deputies during this first year of their mandate, reflects not only the existing constellations of power and party alliances within the Assembly that reaffirm themselves on specific issues, but also the potential coalitions which may arise due to the rapidly changing political scene. These new coalitions, which tend to form more easily among members of different parties who share common interests with regard to social and economic issues, may eventually serve to overcome the traditional ideological divisions among parties. In terms of the near future, it doesn't matter so much whether the Euro-right or the Euro-left will succeed in imposing its majority in the Assembly, but whether the European Parliament itself, as an institution, will be able to demonstrate that it can have an effective and more representative voice in the formulation of EEC policies.

Spectrophotometric reductions with an IBM 1620

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 116-117
Author(s):  
P.-I. Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Astronomical Data ◽  
Spectrophotometric Data ◽  
Electronic Computers ◽  
The University ◽  
Near Future

Nowadays more and more of the reductions of astronomical data are made with electronic computers. As we in Uppsala have an IBM 1620 at the University, we have taken it to our help with reductions of spectrophotometric data. Here I will briefly explain how we use it now and how we want to use it in the near future.

Electron Irradiation Effects in Polyoxymethylene Crystals Grown Inside Trioxane Crystals

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 78-79
Author(s):  
J. P. Colson ◽  
D. H. Reneker
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electron Micrograph ◽  
Irradiation Effects ◽  
Threefold Axis ◽  
Typical Sample ◽  
Polymer Crystals ◽  
Chain Axis

Polyoxymethylene (POM) crystals grow inside trioxane crystals which have been irradiated and heated to a temperature slightly below their melting point. Figure 1 shows a low magnification electron micrograph of a group of such POM crystals. Detailed examination at higher magnification showed that three distinct types of POM crystals grew in a typical sample. The three types of POM crystals were distinguished by the direction that the polymer chain axis in each crystal made with respect to the threefold axis of the trioxane crystal. These polyoxymethylene crystals were described previously.At low magnifications the three types of polymer crystals appeared as slender rods. One type had a hexagonal cross section and the other two types had rectangular cross sections, that is, they were ribbonlike.

A new dissociation mode for dislocations in silicon

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 346-347
Author(s):  
A. Ourmazd ◽  
G.R. Booker ◽  
C.J. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Dislocation Network ◽  
Weak Beam ◽  
Phosphorus Doped

A (111) phosphorus-doped Si specimen, thinned to give a TEM foil of thickness ∼ 150nm, contained a dislocation network lying on the (111) plane. The dislocation lines were along the three <211> directions and their total Burgers vectors,ḇt, were of the type , each dislocation being of edge character. TEM examination under proper weak-beam conditions seemed initially to show the standard contrast behaviour for such dislocations, indicating some dislocation segments were undissociated (contrast A), while other segments were dissociated to give two Shockley partials separated by approximately 6nm (contrast B) . A more detailed examination, however, revealed that some segments exhibited a third and anomalous contrast behaviour (contrast C), interpreted here as being due to a new dissociation not previously reported. Experimental results obtained for a dislocation along [211] with for the six <220> type reflections using (g,5g) weak-beam conditions are summarised in the table below, together with the relevant values.

Recent developments in automated Transmission Electron MI

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 46-47
Author(s):  
W.J. de Ruijter ◽  
P. Rez ◽  
David J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Computer Image ◽  
Lens Design ◽  
Computer Image Analysis ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
On Line ◽  
Routine Procedures ◽  
Near Future

There is growing interest in the on-line use of computers in high-resolution electron n which should reduce the demands on highly skilled operators and thereby extend the r of the technique. An on-line computer could obviously perform routine procedures hand, or else facilitate automation of various restoration, reconstruction and enhan These techniques are slow and cumbersome at present because of the need for cai micrographs and off-line processing. In low resolution microscopy (most biologic; primary incentive for automation and computer image analysis is to create a instrument, with standard programmed procedures. In HREM (materials researc computer image analysis should lead to better utilization of the microscope. Instru (improved lens design and higher accelerating voltages) have improved the interpretab the level of atomic dimensions (approximately 1.6 Å) and instrumental resolutior should become feasible in the near future.

DNA methylation in satellite repeats disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Francastel ◽  
Frédérique Magdinier
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Human Genome ◽  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Satellite Repeats ◽  
Tremendous Progress ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Dna Elements ◽  
Near Future

Abstract Despite the tremendous progress made in recent years in assembling the human genome, tandemly repeated DNA elements remain poorly characterized. These sequences account for the vast majority of methylated sites in the human genome and their methylated state is necessary for this repetitive DNA to function properly and to maintain genome integrity. Furthermore, recent advances highlight the emerging role of these sequences in regulating the functions of the human genome and its variability during evolution, among individuals, or in disease susceptibility. In addition, a number of inherited rare diseases are directly linked to the alteration of some of these repetitive DNA sequences, either through changes in the organization or size of the tandem repeat arrays or through mutations in genes encoding chromatin modifiers involved in the epigenetic regulation of these elements. Although largely overlooked so far in the functional annotation of the human genome, satellite elements play key roles in its architectural and topological organization. This includes functions as boundary elements delimitating functional domains or assembly of repressive nuclear compartments, with local or distal impact on gene expression. Thus, the consideration of satellite repeats organization and their associated epigenetic landmarks, including DNA methylation (DNAme), will become unavoidable in the near future to fully decipher human phenotypes and associated diseases.

Communication Sciences and Disorders PhD Graduates' Perceptions of Their PhD Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-478
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Crais ◽  
Melody Harrison Savage
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Career Expectations ◽  
Doctoral Preparation ◽  
Creative Solutions ◽  
Phd Education ◽  
Doctor Of Philosophy ◽  
First Time ◽  
Students Success ◽  
Phd Program

Purpose The shortage of doctor of philosophy (PhD)–level applicants to fill academic and research positions in communication sciences and disorders (CSD) programs calls for a detailed examination of current CSD PhD educational practices and the generation of creative solutions. The intended purposes of the article are to encourage CSD faculty to examine their own PhD program practices and consider the perspectives of recent CSD PhD graduates in determining the need for possible modifications. Method The article describes the results of a survey of 240 CSD PhD graduates and their perceptions of the challenges and facilitators to completing a PhD degree; the quality of their preparation in research, teaching, and job readiness; and ways to improve PhD education. Results Two primary themes emerged from the data highlighting the need for “matchmaking.” The first time point of needed matchmaking is prior to entry among students, mentors, and expectations as well as between aspects of the program that can lead to students' success and graduation. The second important matchmaking need is between the actual PhD preparation and the realities of the graduates' career expectations, and those placed on graduates by their employers. Conclusions Within both themes, graduate's perspectives and suggestions to help guide future doctoral preparation are highlighted. The graduates' recommendations could be used by CSD PhD program faculty to enhance the quality of their program and the likelihood of student success and completion. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.11991480

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