Structured Approach to Dimensioning and Tolerancing: A Comprehensive Solution Strategy

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Islam
Keyword(s):  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Tolerance Allocation ◽  
Solution Strategy ◽  
Comprehensive Strategy ◽  
Dimensioning And Tolerancing ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Engineering Environment ◽  
Optimum Solution ◽  
Structured Approach ◽  
Allocation Strategies

This paper is the second of two in which a methodology is presented that provides a structured way of solving Dimensioning and Tolerancing (D&T) problems on new product design. In the previous paper, a methodology was developed for representing the D&T problems of a product in a matrix form known as a Dimensional Requirements/Dimensions (DR/D) matrix. In this paper a comprehensive strategy is presented for determining the values of dimensions and tolerances by satisfying all the relationships represented in DR/D matrix. The comprehensive strategy presented here includes: strategy for separating D&T problems into groups, for determining an optimum solution order for coupled functional equations and tolerance allocation strategies for solving different types of D&T problems. A number of commonly used cost minimization strategies such as the use of standard parts, preferred sizes, preferred fits, and preferred tolerances have also been incorporated into the proposed methodology. The methodology is interactive and suitable for use in a Concurrent Engineering environment.

scholarly journals Methodological Proposal for the Development of Insurance Policies for Building Components

CivilEng ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Miguel Macedo ◽  
Jorge de Brito ◽  
Carlos Oliveira Cruz ◽  
Ana Silva
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Premature Failure ◽  
Risk Premiums ◽  
Insurance Policies ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Building Components ◽  
Structured Approach

Insurance is a growing economic activity within the construction sector. Homes and buildings are perhaps the most important investment an individual makes in his/her lifetime. Nevertheless, the market for insurance coverage policies applied to the building envelope is in an embryonic stage, mainly due to the lack of knowledge in terms of risk and costs associated to the failure of these elements. This study provides an innovative and methodological approach to the development of an insurance product that targets the obsolescence of building components. In defining a structured approach to the design of insurance policies for buildings, the use of the service life prediction models proposed in this study allows establishing different types of insurance policies with different risk premiums and evaluating different losses and risks accepted by the owners, thus promoting the increase of the patrimonial value of the asset and reducing the risk of premature failure and the uncertainty of the costs of maintenance during its life cycle.

scholarly journals Blame the Drafter or the Treaty? Towards Uniformity in the Implementation of Treaties in Domestic Law.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Dara Lenetha Ayanna Modeste
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
International Treaty ◽  
Domestic Courts ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Treaty Implementation ◽  
Structured Approach ◽  
Domestic Law ◽  
Implementation Technique

<p><b>Domestic courts are often confronted with circumstances in which their interpretation of municipal legislation which purports to implement an international treaty differs significantly from that of other jurisdictions that have implemented that same treaty. States parties often come to realise these differences when they are called upon to cooperate in facilitating the execution of the relevant treaty. This is clearly undesirable as it defeats the purpose of treaty negotiation which is to attain consistency in approach amongst states parties.</b></p> <p>This dissertation proposes a solution to that problem. It is based on the hypothesis that uniformity in the drafting techniques used to implement different types of international treaties will eliminate, or at least reduce, the incidence of domestic legislation's deviating from the true intentions of the treaty it proposes to implement. The dissertation tests this hypothesis by examining the approach taken by different jurisdictions in implementing selected treaties. The study reveals that there is merit to the hypothesis. However, there are several factors which determine which drafting technique will best implement the terms of a treaty in a particular jurisdiction. Therefore, the same implementation technique may not be suitable for all contracting states. What is required is a structured approach to treaty implementation. This comes with an appreciation of the factors that will indicate and should be used to determine which drafting technique is the most suitable.</p> <p>By way of solution to the problem posed, a guide is formulated. It provides a set of best practices for treaty implementation.</p>

scholarly journals A NEW APPROACH TO FIND THE INITIAL BASIC FEASIBLE SOLUTION OF A TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 321-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Kumar R ◽  
Radha Gupta ◽  
Karthiyayini O
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Problem ◽  
Feasible Solution ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Basic Feasible Solution ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
North West ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Optimum Solution

Transportation problem (TP) in operations research is a widely used optimization technique to study the problems concerned with transporting goods from production places to sale points. The TP may have one or more objectives such as minimization of transportation cost, minimization of distance with respect to time, and so on. There is a systematic method to solve such problems. For this, we find the Initial Basic Feasible Solution (IBFS) to the given problem. North West corner method, least cost method, Vogel’s approximation method are the standard methods one uses to find the IBFS.  In recent years, there are several other methods are proposed to solve such problems. In this paper, we propose a new technique named as Direct Sum Method (DSM) and its effectiveness is compared with the standard methods. The result shows that it is easy to compute and near to the optimum solution of the problem.

scholarly journals What is Difficult about Grammatical Gender? Evidence from Heritage Russian

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Laleko
Keyword(s):  
Heritage Language ◽  
Gender Assignment ◽  
Heritage Speakers ◽  
Gender Categorization ◽  
Heritage Language Acquisition ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Discourse Interface ◽  
Heritage Language Speakers ◽  
Allocation Strategies

The paper examines the role of lexical, morphological, and discourse-referential factors in gender assignment with animate nouns in heritage Russian in order to explore the extent to which these different interfaces are challenging in heritage language acquisition. The analysis of concordant and discordant agreement patterns with nouns representing each type of gender categorization mechanism points to unequal difficulty associated with different types of gender allocation strategies. In particular, heritage speakers converge with baseline speakers in rating possible and impossible agreement combinations in the presence of fixed and transparent lexical and morphological gender categorization cues; however, they display non-target-like judgments of unmarked and underspecified forms characterized by variable agreement behavior (i.e., hybrid nouns and common gender nouns). Problems with forms whose gender reference is disambiguated at the level of discourse point to the syntax-discourse interface as a locus of systematic difficulty for heritage language speakers.

A Structured Approach to Dimensioning and Tolerancing: Graphical Representation of the Problem

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Islam
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
Concurrent Engineering ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
New Product ◽  
Matrix Form ◽  
Dimensioning And Tolerancing ◽  
New Product Design ◽  
Structured Approach ◽  
Selection Of

In this paper a methodology is presented which provides a structured way of solving Dimensioning and Tolerancing (D&T) problems on new product design. The methodology is interactive and suitable for use in a Concurrent Engineering (CE) environment. The proposed methodology helps to represent all relationships necessary for solving D&T problems in a matrix form known as Dimensional Requirements/Dimensions Matrix. This graphical representation assists the CE team to visualize the overall picture of the D&T problem and to foresee the ramifications of their decisions in regard to the selection of dimensions and tolerances; this will help the CE team in determining the dimensions and tolerances of a product in a systematic way.

scholarly journals A Reinforcement Learning Based Auto-Scaling Approach for SaaS Providers in Dynamic Cloud Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wei ◽  
Daniel Kudenko ◽  
Shijun Liu ◽  
Li Pan ◽  
Lei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Environment ◽  
Q Learning ◽  
Plan Generation ◽  
Trading Market ◽  
Behavioural Strategy ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Auto Scaling ◽  
Allocation Strategies

Cloud computing is an emerging paradigm which provides a flexible and diversified trading market for Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) providers, Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) providers, and cloud-based application customers. Taking the perspective of SaaS providers, they offer various SaaS services using rental cloud resources supplied by IaaS providers to their end users. In order to maximize their utility, the best behavioural strategy is to reduce renting expenses as much as possible while providing sufficient processing capacity to meet customer demands. In reality, public IaaS providers such as Amazon offer different types of virtual machine (VM) instances with different pricing models. Moreover, service requests from customers always change as time goes by. In such heterogeneous and changing environments, how to realize application auto-scaling becomes increasingly significant for SaaS providers. In this paper, we first formulate this problem and then propose a Q-learning based self-adaptive renting plan generation approach to help SaaS providers make efficient IaaS facilities adjustment decisions dynamically. Through a series of experiments and simulation, we evaluate the auto-scaling approach under different market conditions and compare it with two other resource allocation strategies. Experimental results show that our approach could automatically generate optimal renting policies for the SaaS provider in the long run.

scholarly journals Methodological Proposal for the Development of Insurance Policies for Building Components

CivilEng ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Miguel Macedo ◽  
Jorge Brito ◽  
Carlos Cruz ◽  
Ana Silva
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Premature Failure ◽  
Risk Premiums ◽  
Insurance Policies ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Building Components ◽  
Structured Approach

Insurance is a growing economic activity within the construction sector. Homes and buildings are perhaps the most important investment an individual makes in his/her lifetime. Nevertheless, the market for insurance coverage policies applied to the building envelope is in an embryonic stage, mainly due to the lack of knowledge in terms of risk and costs associated to the failure of these elements. This study provides an innovative and methodological approach to the development of an insurance product that targets the obsolescence of building components. In defining a structured approach to the design of insurance policies for buildings, the use of the service life prediction models proposed in this study allows establishing different types of insurance policies with different risk premiums and evaluating different losses and risks accepted by the owners, thus promoting the increase of the patrimonial value of the asset and reducing the risk of premature failure and the uncertainty of the costs of maintenance during its life cycle.

Representation and reasoning of geometric tolerances in design

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhy-Cherng Tsai ◽  
Mark R. Cutkosky
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Geometric Tolerance ◽  
Geometric Dimensioning And Tolerancing ◽  
Design Specifications ◽  
Geometric Tolerances ◽  
Dimensioning And Tolerancing ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Representation Scheme

AbstractThe geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) specifications of a design are directly associated with its performance and functional requirements. They also govern the manufacturing and quality control processes needed to achieve those requirements. This paper reviews recent work in geometric tolerance representation and reasoning and presents a generic and uniform graph-based representation scheme, called the Tolerance Network, to represent GD&T specifications across a part or assembly. The network can accommodate GD&T specifications related to the function, behavior, manufacturing, and inspection requirements embedded in design specifications and supports the use of different types of tolerances. The network also accommodates common design practices such as the specification of overconstrained features and parts. The necessary properties of such a network are discussed that allow under- and overconstrained design specifications to be detected and analyzed.

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