scholarly journals Trim Loop Closure for Enhanced CAD Interoperability

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armand D. Assadi ◽  
James H. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Model Space ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Missing Information ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Original Surface ◽  
Downstream Application ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Full Complement ◽  
Downstream Analysis ◽  
To Receive

The transfer of design data among different CAD systems or subsequent downstream analysis applications is critically important to the acceleration of the product development cycle. Since each vendor has its own proprietary native file format, this transfer of data among differing systems is difficult at best. International standards such as IGES and STEP have evolved to address this challenge, but they are generally not sufficiently explicit. Each vendor writes its own “flavor” of the standard that other applications may not understand. This paper bridges a gap between disparate systems by developing a strategy to assess the completeness and robustness of models represented in IGES or STEP format, and a technique to either repair the representation or add missing information so that a downstream application can properly interpret it. The method ensures that the receiving system gets a full and accurate NURBS-based representation: the original surface, the corresponding full complement of model space trim curves, and the corresponding full complement of parameter space trim curves. With all the information present, the downstream system is more likely to receive the information it requires to interpret the model.

scholarly journals Changes in Endosymbiont Complexity Drive Host-Level Compensatory Adaptations in Cicadas

mBio ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Campbell ◽  
Piotr Łukasik ◽  
Mariah C. Meyer ◽  
Mark Buckner ◽  
Chris Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Problem ◽  
Transmission Mechanism ◽  
Endosymbiotic Bacterium ◽  
Original Function ◽  
Full Complement ◽  
Bacterial Endosymbionts ◽  
Symbiont Transmission ◽  
Sap Feeding ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Splitting Process

ABSTRACTFor insects that depend on one or more bacterial endosymbionts for survival, it is critical that these bacteria are faithfully transmitted between insect generations. Cicadas harbor two essential bacterial endosymbionts, “CandidatusSulcia muelleri” and “CandidatusHodgkinia cicadicola.” In some cicada species,Hodgkiniahas fragmented into multiple distinct but interdependent cellular and genomic lineages that can differ in abundance by more than two orders of magnitude. This complexity presents a potential problem for the host cicada, because low-abundance but essentialHodgkinialineages risk being lost during the symbiont transmission bottleneck from mother to egg. Here we show that all cicada eggs seem to receive the full complement ofHodgkinialineages, and that in cicadas with more complexHodgkiniathis outcome is achieved by increasing the number ofHodgkiniacells transmitted by up to 6-fold. We further show that cicada species with varyingHodgkiniacomplexity do not visibly alter their transmission mechanism at the resolution of cell biological structures. Together these data suggest that a major cicada adaptation to changes in endosymbiont complexity is an increase in the number ofHodgkiniacells transmitted to each egg. We hypothesize that the requirement to increase the symbiont titer is one of the costs associated withHodgkiniafragmentation.IMPORTANCESap-feeding insects critically rely on one or more bacteria or fungi to provide essential nutrients that are not available at sufficient levels in their diets. These microbes are passed between insect generations when the mother places a small packet of microbes into each of her eggs before it is laid. We have previously described an unusual lineage fragmentation process in a nutritional endosymbiotic bacterium of cicadas calledHodgkinia. In some cicadas, a singleHodgkinialineage has split into numerous related lineages, each performing a subset of original function and therefore each required for normal host function. Here we test how this splitting process affects symbiont transmission to eggs. We find that cicadas dramatically increase the titer ofHodgkiniacells passed to each egg in response to lineage fragmentation, and we hypothesize that this increase in bacterial cell count is one of the major costs associated with endosymbiont fragmentation.

CARACTERÍSTICAS DETERMINANTES DE REDES: UM ESTUDO NOS RELACIONAMENTOS DO SETOR HOTELEIRO DAS DESTINAÇÕES TURÍSTICAS DE GRAMADO E CANELA (RS)

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lali Felker de Curtis ◽  
Valmir Emil Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Study ◽  
International Standards ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Mutual Learning ◽  
Service Culture ◽  
Trust And Reputation ◽  
Hotel Sector ◽  
To Receive

The region of Gramado and Canela, in the State Rio Grande do Sul, has the capacity to promote the economy of the Hortênsias Region. Therefore, Gramado was selected by the MTur (Ministry of Tourism) to receive investments aimed at providing quality of service with international standards, under the premise of networks. Likewise, the service culture is focused on quality, requiring of the hotel activity, due its interdependent nature, relationships with suppliers, competitors and/or complementary enterprises in their productive chain. An applied-comparative and descriptive study was designed, within a quantitative approach, identified as a census survey, to determine the presence of determining characteristics of networks in the relationships in the hotel sector of these destinations. The results obtained enable to infer that cooperation is more accepted in the accommodation establishments of Canela; It is concluded that the destinations compared do not present any statistically significant differences in relation to the other attributes investigated (flexibility, mutual learning, trust, and reputation).

scholarly journals Methodological Principles of the Accounting for Intangible Assets from the View of National and International Standards

2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
I. M. Dmitrenko ◽  
R. O. Kostyrko ◽  
V. P. Bondar
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Intangible Assets ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Intangible Asset ◽  
Principles Of Accounting ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
To Receive

The article defines the basic accounting items that determine the impact on the complex of methodological principles of accounting and reporting generalization of information about intangible assets. The complex of basic accounting positions for intangible assets is proposed in the following composition: definition of the object of accounting; method of identification; response to goodwill; how to receive and how to pay; the criteria for recognizing the asset is intrinsic; method of initial assessment; revaluation model; response to impairment; conditions for the choice and application of methods of accrual of depreciation; directions of disclosure. The key methodological principles of accounting for intangible assets are systematized on the basis of a comparative analysis of the provisions of national and international standards. As a result of the comparative analysis, both conceptually similar principles and those that are characterized by significant differences are established. In particular, this applies to: the ways of obtaining and payment of the intangible assets, for which the IAS does not provide for the free receipt and payment of an intangible asset to the authorized capital of the enterprise, which emphasizes the nature of such assets in view of the obligation to receive future economic benefits; the definition of the value of internally generated goodwill is precisely in IAS, which contributes to a reasonable separation from the value of its own intangible assets in the event of the merger of enterprises; the initial valuation of the intangible assets, for which IAS prioritizes the valuation at cost rather than fair value, as defined by National Accounting Standards, due to the dependence of the usually unpopular phenomenon - the existence of an active market for such assets; the variability of the choice of depreciation methods for the intangible assets, for which IAS offers more opportunities to take into account the specifics of the use of these objects during the formation of depreciation costs; directions of disclosure of  the intangible assets information in the notes to the financial statements, which are clearly defined in the IAS. Comments on the conditions for the implementation of the requirements of national and international standards for the accounting of intangible assets at the level of economic entities from the point of view of the established differences and their consequences are given. It is proved that a much higher level of transparency of information about intangible assets is provided in the case of accounting and financial reporting by entities in accordance with the requirements of IAS and IFRS.

scholarly journals ADVANCEMENTS IN OPEN GEOSPATIAL STANDARDS FOR PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING FROM OGC

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B4 ◽  
pp. 705-709
Author(s):  
George Percivall ◽  
Ingo Simonis
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
Grid Systems ◽  
Industrial Organizations ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
Open Geospatial Consortium ◽  
Open Standards ◽  
To Receive

The necessity of open standards for effective sharing and use of remote sensing continues to receive increasing emphasis in policies of agencies and projects around the world. Coordination on the development of open standards for geospatial information is a vital step to insure that the technical standards are ready to support the policy objectives. The mission of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) is to advance development and use of international standards and supporting services that promote geospatial interoperability. To accomplish this mission, OGC serves as the global forum for the collaboration of geospatial data / solution providers and users. Photogrammetry and remote sensing are sources of the largest and most complex geospatial information. Some of the most mature OGC standards for remote sensing include the Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) standards, the Web Coverage Service (WCS) suite of standards, encodings such as NetCDF, GMLJP2 and GeoPackage, and the soon to be approved Discrete Global Grid Systems (DGGS) standard. In collaboration with ISPRS, OGC working with government, research and industrial organizations continue to advance the state of geospatial standards for full use of photogrammetry and remote sensing.

scholarly journals The significance of typography in data visualisation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Halime Türkkan
Keyword(s):  
Critical Issue ◽  
Information Design ◽  
Data Visualisation ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Visual Elements ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Design Systems ◽  
Critical Components ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Type Hierarchy

With the development of technology and the dominance of the digital world, typography has become a critical issue. Information design systems are considered as one of the significant areas of graphic design. Big data provides important information on data visualisation. While presenting this information, the value that the script adds to the design will be examined in this study. The choice of typefaces, leading and kerning in typography, type hierarchy, harmony, balance, unity, the contrast between the visual elements and typography are the critical components of data visualisation. ‘Communication designers often err on the side of providing features that entertain and visually please audience's ability to receive or understand the message, in the hope that messages will be understood because they are associated with appealing features. Although designers often concentrate on visuals and aesthetics, at other times they hope to attract viewers by focusing clearly on valuable content. But too often both approaches impair the audience's ability to receive or understand the message’. In support of what Jacobson mentioned above in his book titled Information Design, this study aims to emphasise the undeniable importance of typography in data visualisation designed for informative purposes.   Keywords: Typography, design, data visualisation

scholarly journals The right to receive qualified legal assistance in criminal proceedings: The concept, the relationship with the right to defense

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-205
Author(s):  
Galina I. Sedova ◽  
◽  
Vasilina Yu. Gromak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Standards ◽  
Criminal Prosecution ◽  
Legal Assistance ◽  
Legal Aid ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Scientific Representations ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
To Receive

Introduction. An important achievement of modern criminal procedure legislation and law enforcement practice is the implementation of international standards and democratic legal institutions concerning the strengthening of guarantees of respect for the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of participants in criminal proceedings. Among them is the right of a person to receive qualified legal assistance. In this regard, it becomes important to analyse the system of scientific views and studies on the issue of qualified legal assistance and its relationship with the right to protection determined by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, and to determine the main characteristics to which such assistance should correspond. Theoretical analysis. The mechanism of procedural support of the right of a person against whom criminal prosecution is being carried out to receive qualified legal assistance is identified, and proposals are formulated to improve the legal guarantees of ensuring legal activity in its implementation. Empirical analysis. A definition of the right to qualified legal assistance has been developed, which represents the rights of a suspect, accused, or victim to use the help of a lawyer with legal education, who is part of the professional legal community, with a confirmed status, in order to ensure the implementation of the purpose of criminal proceedings – in terms of protecting the rights of victims of crimes – and all components of the right to protection from criminal prosecution and prosecution, which are enshrined in the current legislation at all stages of criminal proceedings. Results. The authors carried out a study on scientific representations of the right to qualified legal aid and the distinction between the right to protection and the right to qualified legal aid.

scholarly journals A Conceptual Analysis on the Different Approaches to New Product Development and the Variables Associated With Modelling the Process

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Owens ◽  
Andrew M. Atherton
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Product Development ◽  
New Product Development ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
New Products ◽  
New Product ◽  
Time To Market ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
To Receive

Globally, new products are launched daily. They provide answers to common or specialised problems, enrich lifestyles, provide alternatives to old solutions, amuse us etc. Companies that develop, design, manufacture, market and sell these products seek commercial compensation in the short, medium or long term “success”, however you measure it. Subsequently, New Product Development is a major issue for most companies as they seek to reduce time to market, reduce the development cycle, access new technologies and develop more and better products and services. New products that can successfully compete in local, national and global markets are a key concern for the majority of companies, so successful NPD is fundamental to both stimulating and supporting economic growth. It is a subject, which has received and continues to receive much attention, particularly in seeking to improve its effectiveness and efficiency. This chapter reviews the NPD process and considers the variables associated with the different approaches, which may be needed when developing a new product.

scholarly journals Ending Software Boom and Bust: Lessons learnt from Scratchpads and proposals for building sustainable virtual research environments for the biodiversity research community

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Scott ◽  
Paul Kiddle ◽  
Sarah Vincent ◽  
Vincent Smith
Keyword(s):  
Learning Experience ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
External Funding ◽  
Biodiversity Data ◽  
History Museum ◽  
Lessons Learnt ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Research Environments ◽  
Boom And Bust ◽  
To Receive

Scratchpads launched in 2007 and became an extremely popular resource adopted for a variety of communities. Primarily, Scratchpads are used to manage and publish biodiversity data, but many sites were organised around projects, societies and regions. Demand for Scratchpads peeked at requests for more than 80 new sites over a 3 month period in 2014. Today we have over 1000 Scratchpad sites. This has not been a pain-free journey. In 2015 the grants funding Scratchpad support and development came to an end, and whilst the Natural History Museum, London, provided some institutional support, this was alongside several competing initiatives. For a period of nearly two years, the Scratchpads had no dedicated developers. The Scratchpads suffered from this neglect, bugs remained unfixed and the platform became increasingly unstable. This situation has now been rectified, in 2017 the Informatics Group expanded, enabling us to provide a dedicated resource to the Scratchpads again. This has been a challenging but valuable learning experience - and one that many Virtual Research Environments (VREs) in our community have, or will, experience. Current funding models encourage a boom and bust development cycle, described by Hine (2008) as the "dance of the initiatives," as projects constantly need to re-invent themselves in order to receive new external funding. We need to move beyond this, to start working collectively to develop a common roadmap for these systems, so we can begin to mutually benefit from each others development activities. Building on lessons learnt from the Scratchpads, we highlight a draft set of principles that may provide a framework for such a collaboration. While it is unrealistic to expect existing projects at different stages of maturity, and supporting very different use cases, to re-write their codebase in order to facilitate collaboration, we propose a microservices framework that would allow these related systems to converge on the delivery of a common set of services, provided by many current VRE's. This convergence, coupled with the development of a common and mutually agreed roadmap for these systems, has the potential to build a more sustainable future for VRE user and developer communities, as these systems evolve to support new use cases and improve existing functionality.

Beyond standards before status: democratic governance and non-state actors

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNE-MARIE GARDNER
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Community ◽  
Democratic Governance ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
International Support ◽  
International Response ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Democratic Norms ◽  
To Receive

AbstractAre international standards of democratic governance applied to sub-state actors as well as to states? By examining the international response to self-determination claims, this article demonstrates that the international community does indeed hold sub-state groups accountable to such standards. Claimant groups that have internalised human rights and democratic norms are more likely to receive international support in the form of empowerment (promoting some form of self-governance). Through a comparison of the Kosovars’ quest for self-determination with the Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians’ claim, the article suggests that ‘standards before status’ is neither unique to Kosovo nor a deviation from the pre-1999 international response to that claim.

scholarly journals Automatic cabin virtualization based on preliminary aircraft design data

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Niclas Walther ◽  
Bahadir Kocacan ◽  
Christian Hesse ◽  
Alex Gindorf ◽  
Björn Nagel
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Preliminary Aircraft Design ◽  
Fidelity Assessment ◽  
3D Geometry ◽  
Subsequent Step ◽  
Passenger Aircraft

AbstractPreliminary aircraft design and cabin design are essential and well-established steps within the product development cycle for modern passenger aircraft. In practice, the execution usually takes place sequentially, with the preliminary design defining a basic cabin layout and the detail implementation following in a subsequent step. To enable higher fidelity assessment of the cabin early in the design process—for example by means of virtual reality applications—this paper proposes an interface, which can derive detailed 3D geometry of the fuselage from preliminary design data provided in the Common Parametric Aircraft Configuration Schema (CPACS). This is a key step towards integration of cabin analysis and preliminary design in automated collaborative aircraft design chains, not only in terms of passenger comfort, but also manufacturability or crash safety. Like the TiGL Geometry Library for CPACS, the interface presented acts as a parameter engine, which translates data from CPACS into CAD geometry using the Open Cascade Technology library. However, the scope of TiGL is expanded significantly, albeit with an explicit focus on the fuselage, by including more details such as extruded frame and stringer profiles and floor structures. Furthermore, advanced knowledge management techniques are employed to detect and augment missing data. For virtual reality applications, triangulated representations of the CAD geometry can be provided in established exchange formats, creating an interface to common visualization platforms. Additionally, a new evolution of the cabin definition schema in CPACS is presented, to incorporate models of cabin components such as seats or sidewall panels enabling immersive virtual mock-ups.

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