The Use of Radiation Resistance Measurements to Assess the Noise Characteristics of Machines

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Everett H. Paddock ◽  
Gary H. Koopmann
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Resistance ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Surface Radiation ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Sound Power ◽  
Volume Velocity ◽  
Noise Characteristics ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Resistance Matrix

Abstract An experimental method for assessing the noise characteristics of machines is developed. The method is based on a computation of the radiated sound power of a vibrating structure in terms of its acoustic surface radiation resistance and surface volume velocity. To measure acoustic surface radiation resistance, a probe is developed which consists of a low profile loudspeaker and a small microphone, both of which are moveable over the surface of the structure. As an application of the the method, the sound power produced by two valve covers of a 3.3L V6 internal combustion engine, a current production model and the prototype of a new design, is computed and compared. Based on the probe measurements made on a quiescent engine, a surface resistance matrix was generated for the two valve covers. Measurements of the volume velocity of the valve covers were made at two engine operating conditions: 1800 and 5300 RPM. After combining each of the velocity measurements with the resistance matrix, the results indicate that the prototype valve cover radiates significantly less sound power than the production cover at both operating conditions.

Sound power of vibrating cylinders using the radiation resistance matrix and a laser vibrometer

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 (6) ◽  
pp. 3553-3561
Author(s):  
Caleb B. Goates ◽  
Cameron B. Jones ◽  
Scott D. Sommerfeldt ◽  
Jonathan D. Blotter
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Resistance ◽  
Laser Vibrometer ◽  
Sound Power ◽  
Resistance Matrix

scholarly journals Analysis of the Total Unit Energy Consumption of a Car with a Hybrid Drive System in Real Operating Conditions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3966
Author(s):  
Jarosław Mamala ◽  
Michał Śmieja ◽  
Krzysztof Prażnowski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Electric Drive ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hybrid Drive ◽  
Total Unit ◽  
Unit Energy ◽  
Unit Energy Consumption

The market demand for vehicles with reduced energy consumption, as well as increasingly stringent standards limiting CO2 emissions, are the focus of a large number of research works undertaken in the analysis of the energy consumption of cars in real operating conditions. Taking into account the growing share of hybrid drive units on the automotive market, the aim of the article is to analyse the total unit energy consumption of a car operating in real road conditions, equipped with an advanced hybrid drive system of the PHEV (plug-in hybrid electric vehicles) type. In this paper, special attention has been paid to the total unit energy consumption of a car resulting from the cooperation of the two independent power units, internal combustion and electric. The results obtained for the individual drive units were presented in the form of a new unit index of the car, which allows us to compare the consumption of energy obtained from fuel with the use of electricity supported from the car’s batteries, during journeys in real road conditions. The presented research results indicate a several-fold increase in the total unit energy consumption of a car powered by an internal combustion engine compared to an electric car. The values of the total unit energy consumption of the car in real road conditions for the internal combustion drive are within the range 1.25–2.95 (J/(kg · m)) in relation to the electric drive 0.27–1.1 (J/(kg · m)) in terms of instantaneous values. In terms of average values, the appropriate values for only the combustion engine are 1.54 (J/(kg · m)) and for the electric drive only are 0.45 (J/(kg · m)) which results in the internal combustion engine values being 3.4 times higher than the electric values. It is the combustion of fuel that causes the greatest increase in energy supplied from the drive unit to the car’s propulsion system in the TTW (tank to wheels) system. At the same time this component is responsible for energy losses and CO2 emissions to the environment. The results were analysed to identify the differences between the actual life cycle energy consumption of the hybrid powertrain and the WLTP (Worldwide Harmonized Light-Duty Test Procedure) homologation cycle.

Characterization of a Piezoelectric Membrane for MEMS Power

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Bruce ◽  
R. Richards ◽  
D. Bahr ◽  
C. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Power System ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Mechanical Power ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Carnot Cycle ◽  
Modular Architecture ◽  
Micro Power

Abstract Work toward the development of a thin-film piezoelectric membrane generator is presented. The membrane generator is the central component of a new MEMS power generation system, the P3 micro power system. The P3 micro power system is based on a two-dimensional, modular architecture, in which the individual generic modules or unit cells each have all the functions of an engine integrated. Each unit cell is an external combustion engine, in which thermal power is converted to mechanical power through the use of a novel thermodynamic cycle that approaches the ideal vapor Carnot cycle. Mechanical power is converted into electrical power through the use of a thin-film piezoelectric membrane generator. This paper introduces the concept of the thin-film piezoelectric membrane generator, and describes its design and fabrication. Results of a study to characterize the performance of the piezoelectric membrane generator under expected operating conditions are presented. Current prototypes of the membrane generator are shown to be capable of producing a peak power of 0.1 milliWatts at a voltage of 0.5 Volts.

Ethers and esters as alternative fuels for internal combustion engine: A review

2021 ◽  
pp. 146808742110464
Author(s):  
Yang Hua
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Ic Engine

Ether and ester fuels can work in the existing internal combustion (IC) engine with some important advantages. This work comprehensively reviews and summarizes the literatures on ether fuels represented by DME, DEE, DBE, DGM, and DMM, and ester fuels represented by DMC and biodiesel from three aspects of properties, production and engine application, so as to prove their feasibility and prospects as alternative fuels for compression ignition (CI) and spark ignition (SI) engines. These studies cover the effects of ether and ester fuels applied in the form of single fuel, mixed fuel, dual-fuel, and multi-fuel on engine performance, combustion and emission characteristics. The evaluation indexes mainly include torque, power, BTE, BSFC, ignition delay, heat release rate, pressure rise rate, combustion duration, exhaust gas temperature, CO, HC, NOx, PM, and smoke. The results show that ethers and esters have varying degrees of impact on engine performance, combustion and emissions. They can basically improve the thermal efficiency of the engine and reduce particulate emissions, but their effects on power, fuel consumption, combustion process, and CO, HC, and NOx emissions are uncertain, which is due to the coupling of operating conditions, fuel molecular structure, in-cylinder environment and application methods. By changing the injection strategy, adjusting the EGR rate, adopting a new combustion mode, adding improvers or synergizing multiple fuels, adverse effects can be avoided and the benefits of oxygenated fuel can be maximized. Finally, some challenges faced by alternative fuels and future research directions are analyzed.

Use of an Integrated Approach for Analysis and Design of Turbocharged Internal Combustion Engine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Ebel ◽  
Mark Anderson ◽  
Parth Pandya ◽  
Mat Perchanok ◽  
Nick Tiney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Performance Requirements

Abstract When developing a turbocharged internal combustion engine, the choice of turbocharger is usually based on designer experience and existing hardware. However, proper turbocharger design relies on matching the compressor and turbine performance to the engine requirements so that parameters such as boost and back pressure, compressor pressure ratio, and turbine inlet temperatures meet the needs of the engine without exceeding its allowable operating envelope. Therefore, the ultimate measure of a successful turbocharger design is how well it is matched to an engine across various operating conditions. This, in turn, determines whether a new turbocharger is required, or an existing solution can be used. When existing turbocharger solutions are not viable, the engine designer is at a loss on how to define a new turbocharger that meets the desired performance requirements. A common approach in industry has been to scale the performance of an existing turbocharger (compressor and turbine maps) and take these requirements for Original Equipment Manufacturers to possibly match it with a real machine. However, the assumptions made in a basic scaling process are quite simplistic and generally not satisfactory in this situation. A better approach would be to use a validated meanline model for a compressor and turbine instead, allowing to perform an actual preliminary design of such components. Such approach allows to link the engine performance requirements in a very early stage of te component design project and it guides the designer for the design decisions, such as rotor size, variable geometry nozzles, diameter, or shroud trims and others. Therefore, a feasible solution is more likely with design less iterations. This paper describes a methodology for an integrated approach to design and analyze a turbocharged internal combustion engine using commercially available state-of-the-art 1D gas dynamics simulation tool linked to two powerful turbomachinery meanline programs. The outputs of this analysis are detailed performance data of the engine and turbocharger at different engine operating conditions. Two case studies are then presented for a 10-liter diesel truck engine. The first study demonstrates how the programs are used to evaluate an existing engine and reverse engineer an existing turbocharger based only on the available performance maps. Then a second study is done using a similar approach but redesigning a new turbocharger (based on the reverse engineered one) for an increased torque output of the same engine.

Influence of engine operating conditions on combustion parameters in a spark ignited internal combustion engine fueled with blends of methane and hydrogen

2019 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 414-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
German J. Amador Diaz ◽  
Juan P. Gómez Montoya ◽  
Lesme A. Corredor Martinez ◽  
Daniel B. Olsen ◽  
Adalberto Salazar Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Operating Conditions

Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer, Fluid Flow and Formation of Emissions in Diesel Engines

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Müjdat Firat
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Combustion Pressure ◽  
Crank Angle ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hole Number

The present study has been performed on heat transfer, fluid flow and formation of emissions in a diesel engine by different engine parameters. The analysis aims at an investigation of flow field, heat transfer, combustion pressure and formation of emission by means of numerical simulation which is using as parameter; hole number of injector and crank angle. Numerical simulations are performed using the AVL-FIRE commercial software depending on the crank angle. This software is successfully used in internal combustion engine applications, and its validity has been accepted. In this paper, k-zeta-f is preferred as turbulence model and SIMPLE/PISO used as algorithms. Thus, results are presented with pressure traces, temperature curves and NOx and soot levels for engine operating conditions. In addition, the relationship between the spray behaviors and combustion characteristics including NOx emissions, soot emissions, combustion pressure and temperature were illustrated through this analysis.

scholarly journals The optimization of internal combustion engine oil change periods

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
Davaasuren G ◽  
Gantulga G
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Operating Regime ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Used Oil ◽  
Negative Effect

It is vitally important for vehicle users that are to study the operating regime that may negative effect to the operation of the engine, to reduce its effect, to maintain the engine's reliability in accordance with the specific operating conditions. Quality of lubrication is one of the main factors that are improving of reliability and operational efficiency for any machinery their spare parts. So this paper presents to optimize of oil change intervals and to determine of wear rating of spare parts by content of metal particles in the internal combustion engine used oil. Дотоод шаталтат хөдөлгүүрийн тос солих хугацааг оновчлох нь Хураангуй:  Машин ашиглагчдын хувьд тухайн хөдөлгүүрийн ажиллагаанд сөрөг нөлөө үзүүлэх  ашиглалтын горимыг судалж, түүний хор нөлөөг багасгах болон ашиглалтын өвөрмөц  нөхцөлд тохируулан хөдөлгүүрийн найдварт ажиллагааг ханган зөв, ашигтай ажиллуулах  чадвартай байх нь асар их ач холбогдолтой юм. Аливаа машин техник , тэдгээрийн агрегат,  зангилаа эд ангийн удаан эдлэхүй, найдвартай ажиллагааг хангах, ашиглалтын үр ашгийг  дээшлүүлэх гол хүчин зүйлүүдийн нэг нь тосолгооны чанар байдаг учраас дотоод шаталтат  хөдөлгүүрийн ашигласан тосон дахь металлын агууламжыг илрүүлж, эд ангийн элэгдлийн  явцыг тодорхойлон, тос солих хугацааг оновчлох асуудлыг судалгааны хүрээнд авч үзлээ.  Түлхүүр үг: Хөдөлгүүрийн ашигласан тосны шинжилгээ, металл хольц, тосны бохирдол,  тортог, элэгдлийн элементийн хязгаар 

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