The Effective Use and Implementation of Computer-Aids for Life-Cycle Product Design

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ishii ◽  
L. Hornberger
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Design Environment ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Assembly Design ◽  
The Past ◽  
Effective Use

Abstract This paper describes the key elements of usage and implementation of AI-based tools in a real product design environment. In the past several years, the authors have developed several intelligent programs to empower mechanical engineers in the product design of personal computers. The programs focused on plastic material selection, snap fit design, design for assembly, design for service, and design for injection molding. Engineers used the tools initially as training tools and then attempted to use them for real design tasks. Some programs received long term acceptance and usage by designers, while others did not. The metrics for successful development of the AI-based tools do not coincide with successful implementation and usage. This paper briefly describes each of the programs, takes a critical look at their long term utility, and seeks to extract the metrics behind successful tools in practical product design.

Advantages in Environmental Compliance For Maritime Corrosion Control

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Lethe
Keyword(s):  
Material Selection ◽  
Shop Floor ◽  
Chief Financial Officer ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Traditional Procedure ◽  
Environmentally Sound ◽  
A Company ◽  
Selection Of

The need for environmentally compliant processes and materials in the Painting Industry grows more pressing every day. As the need for these processes grows, so grows the confusion regarding the selection and implementation of these new methods and materials. In the past, price and traditional procedure were the only criteria by which a material was procured. Speed and compliance with Original Equipment Manufacturer specification governed how things were done on the shop floor. With the advent of the environmental regulations, processes are being examined all across the globe. In many of the larger companies, the chief environmental officer has as important a role as the comptroller or Chief Financial Officer. Environmental managers are often not chemists or line painters, and typically, the environmental manager is skilled only in the policies of waste disposal, spill clean up, or remediation. The methods whereby a company can minimize the generation of hazardous waste remain less familiar. Often the examination of possible alternate techniques and materials are left for the last minute, or are conducted by personnel who are unfamiliar with how to make changes work. This is usually a recipe for failure in the implementing of anything new. This paper will suggest methods for selection of alternative products and processes in a clear and organized manner. Salient discussion points will be: 1. Process Examination 2. Material Selection 3. Steps For Successful Implementation 4. Possible Impediments 5. How to Avoid Risky Alternatives It will focus on procedures that will assist in the decision making process, and hopefully be of use in the choosing of environmentally sound equipment, chemicals, and methodologies.

Advantages in Environmental Compliance For Maritime Corrosion Control

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Lethe
Keyword(s):  
Material Selection ◽  
Shop Floor ◽  
Chief Financial Officer ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Traditional Procedure ◽  
Environmentally Sound ◽  
A Company ◽  
Selection Of

The need for environmentally compliant processes and materials in the Painting Industry grows more pressing every day. As the need for these processes grows, so grows the confusion regarding the selection and implementation of these new methods and materials. In the past, price and traditional procedure were the only criteria by which a material was procured. Speed and compliance with Original Equipment Manufacturer specification governed how things were done on the shop floor. With the advent of the environmental regulations, processes are being examined all across the globe. In many of the larger companies, the chief environmental officer has as important a role as the comptroller or Chief Financial Officer. Environmental managers are often not chemists or line painters, and typically, the environmental manager is skilled only in the policies of waste disposal, spill clean up, or remediation. The methods whereby a company can minimize the generation of hazardous waste remain less familiar. Often the examination of possible alternate techniques and materials are left for the last minute, or are conducted by personnel who are unfamiliar with how to make changes work. This is usually a recipe for failure in the implementing of anything new. This paper will suggest methods for selection of alternative products and processes in a clear and organized manner. Salient discussion points will be: 1. Process Examination 2. Material Selection 3. Steps For Successful Implementation 4. Possible Impediments 5. How to Avoid Risky Alternatives It will focus on procedures that will assist in the decision making process, and hopefully be of use in the choosing of environmentally sound equipment, chemicals, and methodologies.

Polymer Chemistry in Diabetes Treatment by Encapsulated Islets of Langerhans: Review to 2006

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Lacík
Keyword(s):  
Islets Of Langerhans ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymeric Membrane ◽  
Polymer Chemistry ◽  
Bioartificial Pancreas ◽  
Clinical Phase ◽  
The Past ◽  
Intense Activity

Polymeric materials have been successfully used in numerous medical applications because of their diverse properties. For example, development of a bioartificial pancreas remains a challenge for polymer chemistry. Polymers, as a form of various encapsulation device, have been proposed for designing the semipermeable membrane capable of long-term immunoprotection of transplanted islets of Langerhans, which regulate the blood glucose level in a diabetic patient. This review describes the current situation in the field, discussing aspects of material selection, encapsulation devices, and encapsulation protocols. Problems and unanswered questions are emphasized to illustrate why clinical therapies with encapsulated islets have not been realized, despite intense activity over the past 15 years. The review was prepared with the goal to address professionals in the field as well as the broad polymer community to help in overcoming final barriers to the clinical phase for transplantation of islets of Langerhans encapsulated in a polymeric membrane.

Long-Term Behavior and Performance of Ballastless Track Superstructure on China’s Suining-Chongqing Railway Line

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-song Lin ◽  
Xue-yi Liu ◽  
Hua Yan ◽  
Juan-Juan Ren
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Slab ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ballastless Track ◽  
Design Speed ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Long Term Behavior

This paper briefly shows the experimental ballastless track section of Suining-Chongqing railway line in southwest China, which was designed by China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co. Ltd (CREEC) and was put into operation in 2007. The design speed of the experimental section amounts to 200 km/h for passenger trains and 120 km/h for freight trains, which is the first railway line built with such speed in southwest of China. The long-term observations of the performance of the ballastless track superstructures were implemented in the past three years, which are introduced in details in this paper, such as the performance of reinforced concrete slab with lattice two-block sleepers, coupled or uncoupled prefabricated slab-superstructure etc. Ballastless track superstructures’ damages are summarized and classified. In addition, causes of damaged cracks on track superstructure are discussed.

Autonomous driving in urban environments: approaches, lessons and challenges

2010 ◽  
Vol 368 (1928) ◽  
pp. 4649-4672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Campbell ◽  
Magnus Egerstedt ◽  
Jonathan P. How ◽  
Richard M. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Vehicle Safety ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State

The development of autonomous vehicles for urban driving has seen rapid progress in the past 30 years. This paper provides a summary of the current state of the art in autonomous driving in urban environments, based primarily on the experiences of the authors in the 2007 DARPA Urban Challenge (DUC). The paper briefly summarizes the approaches that different teams used in the DUC, with the goal of describing some of the challenges that the teams faced in driving in urban environments. The paper also highlights the long-term research challenges that must be overcome in order to enable autonomous driving and points to opportunities for new technologies to be applied in improving vehicle safety, exploiting intelligent road infrastructure and enabling robotic vehicles operating in human environments.

Manufacturing Operations in Virtual Environments (MOVE)

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Wilson ◽  
David J. Brown ◽  
Susan V. Cobb ◽  
Mirabelle M. D'Cruz ◽  
Richard M. Eastgate
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Product Design ◽  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Internal Marketing ◽  
User Survey ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
The Past ◽  
Manufacturing Operations

During the past 2 years, the way in which industry views virtual reality (VR) has changed. Previously, only a few large companies were assessing virtual environments either as “internal marketing exercises” or through demonstration worlds built for them by outside consultants or universities; most other industrialists may have seen VR as only having entertainment applications. Now there is some evidence that parts of industry, and manufacturing industry in particular, see VR as an increasingly affordable technology with potentially wide-ranging applications. This paper briefly describes a recent U.K. research program MOVE (Manufacturing Operations in Virtual Environments) consisting of an industrial VR user survey and demonstration applications built to allow potential users to make informed assessments of virtual environments. Two particular applications—training for maintenance and rapid prototyping for product design—are described in greater detail as examples of industrially relevant environments, before an assessment is provided of potential VR application in manufacturing.

Masonry: the brittle or plastic material?

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-28
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Material ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Plastic Deformations ◽  
Base Materials ◽  
Stress States ◽  
Creep Deformations ◽  
Structural Point

The results of experimental studies of masonry on the action of dynamic and static (short-term and long-term) loads are presented. The possibility of plastic deformations in the masonry is analyzed for different types of force effects. The falsity of the proposed approach to the estimation of the coefficient of plasticity of masonry, taking into account the ratio of elastic and total deformations of the masonry is noted. The study of the works of Soviet scientists revealed that the masonry under the action of seismic loads refers to brittle materials in the complete absence of plastic properties in it in the process of instantaneous application of forces. For the cases of uniaxial and plane stress states of the masonry, data on the coefficient of plasticity obtained from the experiment are presented. On the basis of experimental studies the influence of the strength of the so-called base materials (brick, mortar) on the bearing capacity of the masonry, regardless of the nature of the application of forces and the type of its stress state, is noted. The analysis of works of prof. S. V. Polyakov makes it possible to draw a conclusion that at the long application of the load, characteristic for the masonry are not plastic deformations, but creep deformations. It is shown that the proposals of some authors on the need to reduce the level of adhesion of the mortar to the brick for the masonry erected in earthquake-prone regions in order to improve its plastic properties are erroneous both from the structural point of view and from the point of view of ensuring the seismic resistance of structures. It is noted that the proposal to assess the plasticity of the masonry of ceramic brick walls and large-format ceramic stone with a voidness of more than 20% is incorrect, and does not meet the work of the masonry of hollow material. On the basis of the analysis of a large number of research works it is concluded about the fragile work of masonry.

Musikalisasi Syi’ir Aqoid Kiai Zaini Mun’im dan Budidaya Tanaman Obat Keluarga (Toga) di Pesantren Nurul Jadid Probolinggo

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Khodijatul Qodriyah
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Middle Term

The lack of students’ knowledge of their teachers’ works and the less of their consciousness to the environment are crucial problems in some islamic boardingschool, especially in Nurul Jadid. These issues will be settled by implementation of religious preaching (dakwah) with poem (syi’ir) in Syu’abul Iman of Kiai Zaini Mun’im and prefentive action to the illness through herbal medicines of family crops medicine (tanaman obat keluarga). The program is undertaken with some phases, including planting family crops medicine, making herbal medicines, musicalisation of poem in book of Syu’abul Iman, socialization of the herbal medicine and musical poem of Syu’abul Iman. These phases have been structured with long-term, middle-term, and short-term programs which were finished during approximately 4 months (Augustus – November 2019). The involvement of many parties, such as activists of environment in Nurul Jadid, has strongly influenced on the successful implementation of these programs.Keywords: Family Crops Medicine, Nurul Jadid Islamic Boardingschool, Book of Syu’abul Iman

Classifying the Past: Discriminant Analysis and its Application to Medieval Farming Systems

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Bartley
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
The Past ◽  
Livestock Management

This paper discusses the need for nationally based analytical models of the medieval period. The use of cluster analysis as a method for classifying demesne farms, by the crops they grew and their livestock management, is explained. Successful implementation of cluster analysis requires both the existence of a large base sample, to permit isolation of specific groupings within the data, and access to considerable processing time. The paper concludes by demonstrating how discriminant analysis can provide an efficient and systematic way of classifying even a single manor within a national frame of reference.

Enabling Community Well-being Self-Monitoring in the Context of Mining: The Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Klinck ◽  
Ben Bradshaw ◽  
Ruby Sandy ◽  
Silas Nabinacaboo ◽  
Mannie Mameanskum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Aboriginal Community ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Community Engaged Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mineral Development ◽  
Iron Deposits ◽  
Term Monitoring

The Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach is an Aboriginal community located in northern Quebec near the Labrador Border. Given the region’s rich iron deposits, the Naskapi Nation has considerable experience with major mineral development, first in the 1950s to the 1980s, and again in the past decade as companies implement plans for further extraction. This has raised concerns regarding a range of environmental and socio-economic impacts that may be caused by renewed development. These concerns have led to an interest among the Naskapi to develop a means to track community well-being over time using indicators of their own design. Exemplifying community-engaged research, this paper describes the beginning development of such a tool in fall 2012—the creation of a baseline of community well-being against which mining-induced change can be identified. Its development owes much to the remarkable and sustained contribution of many key members of the Naskapi Nation. If on-going surveying is completed based on the chosen indicators, the Nation will be better positioned to recognize shifts in its well-being and to communicate these shifts to its partners. In addition, long-term monitoring will allow the Naskapi Nation to contribute to more universal understanding of the impacts of mining for Indigenous peoples.

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