Citrus Plant and Process Ventilation

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter K. Ousley
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Manufacturing Plant ◽  
Citrus Plant ◽  
Plant Operations

Plant Ventilation, by definition, is the change of air within a manufacturing plant utilizing unducted ventilators. It is accomplished by bringing outside air in and exhausting it back outdoors. The degree of air change is based on how many exchanges of air per minute are required to provide an ambient temperature within the plant close to or equal to outside shade conditions. Air changes, within citrus plant operations, will vary in requirement depending on heat load, moisture content, number of workers and the degree of hazardous or noxious fumes. The following outlines various air changes often required in different areas of citrus plant operations. Paper published with permission.

CATFISH DRYING (Clarias Batraclus) USING ‘TEKO BERSAYAP’ SOLAR DRYER

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Yuwana Yuwana
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Ambient Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Dryer

Experiment on catfish drying employing ‘Teko Bersayap’ solar dryer was conducted. The result of the experiment indicated that the dryer was able to increase ambient temperature up to 44% and decrease ambient relative humidity up to 103%. Fish drying process followed equations : KAu = 74,94 e-0,03t for unsplitted fish and KAb = 79,25 e-0,09t for splitted fish, where KAu = moisture content of unsplitted fish (%), KAb = moisture content of splitted fish (%), t = drying time. Drying of unsplitted fish finished in 43.995 hours while drying of split fish completed in 15.29 hours. Splitting the fish increased 2,877 times drying rate.

The Development of Production Monitoring Systems

1988 ◽  
Vol 202 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-184
Author(s):  
E T Ososanya ◽  
I T Franks
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Manufacturing Plant ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Development System ◽  
Plant Operations ◽  
On Line ◽  
Production Monitoring

Computer technology has given manufacturers the opportunity to monitor, on-line and in real-time, a wide variety of manufacturing systems. Such monitoring systems have considerable potential for expansion and development but need to take account of the special characteristics of particular manufacturing systems and how the information is to be used to best effect. This paper outlines the use of monitoring in the broad context of manufacturing plant operations and describes the design of a development system that will facilitate research into the effective application and improvement of monitoring systems.

Heat and Mass Transfer Analysis of a Pot-in-Pot Refrigerator Using Reynolds Flow Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramendra Pandey ◽  
Bala Pesala
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Heat And Mass Transfer ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Radiation Heat Transfer ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Total Heat ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Heat

Heat and mass transfer analysis of evaporative cooling process in a pot-in-pot cooling system is done based on Reynolds flow hypotheses. The model proposed herein assumes that the heat transfer due to natural convection is coupled with an imaginary ambient air mass flow rate (gAo) which is an essential assumption in order to arrive at the solution for the rate of water evaporation. Effect of several parameters on the pot-in-pot system performance has been studied. The equations are iteratively solved and detailed results are presented to evaluate the cooling performance with respect to various parameters: ambient temperature, relative humidity (RH), pot height, pot radius, total heat load, thermal and hydraulic conductivity, and radiation heat transfer. It was found that pot height, pot radius, total heat load, and radiation heat transfer play a critical role in the performance of the system. The model predicts that at an ambient temperature of 50 °C and RH of 40%, the system achieves a maximum efficiency of 73.44% resulting in a temperature difference of nearly 20 °C. Similarly, for a temperature of 30 °C and RH of 80%, the system efficiency was minimum at 14.79%, thereby verifying the usual concept that the pot-in-pot system is best suited for hot and dry ambient conditions.

IN VITRO EVALUATION OF PROCESSING CONDITIONS FOR THERMOAMMONIATION OF CORN STOVER

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 813-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. I. OJI ◽  
D. N. MOWAT ◽  
J. E. WINCH
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
In Vitro Evaluation ◽  
Optimum Processing

Thermoammoniation of corn stover increased rate and extent of in vitro digestion over ammoniation at ambient temperature. Increasing moisture content up to at least 60% improved response to ammoniation. Processing at elevated temperatures did not reduce the amount of NH3 required. Optimum processing conditions appear to be 3 to 4% NH3, 60% H2O and 90 °C for 6 to 12 h.

scholarly journals Shaded Windrow Curing for Peanuts in Virginia1

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-80
Author(s):  
F. S. Wright ◽  
D. M. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Curing Period ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Rejection Level ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Freeze Damage ◽  
Freeze Protection

Abstract At digging, peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) plants were placed in shaded and conventional (inverted) windrows to determine if peanut quality could be improved. Florigiant and NC 6 cultivars were dug and placed in the two windrow types on days when freezing temperatures or frost were predicted. All peanuts were dug with a conventional digger-inverter. The shaded windrows were hand formed by placing a layer of peanuts on the inverted windrow so that the peanuts were protected from direct exposure to the sky. The peanut temperature in the conventional windrow reached the lowest temperature in the nighttime and highest temperature in the daytime and fluctuated from the lowest to highest level compared to the shaded windrow and the ambient temperature. Peanut temperatures in the conventional and shaded windrows were approximately 0C or below for a short duration during the windrow curing period. The average “maximum” peanut temperature from 12 to 5 p.m. was 3.7C higher for the conventional than the shaded windrows for all tests. From 2 to 7 a.m., the average “minimum” peanut temperature was 1.1C lower for the conventional than the shaded windrow. The peanut moisture content in the shaded windrow averaged 7.3% higher at combining than peanuts in the conventional windrow. In a test where the ambient temperature dropped below freezing for two nights following digging, the alcohol headspace meter readings were above the rejection level for freeze damage in the conventional windrow. The shaded windrow provided minimal freeze protection over the conventional windrow and shading is not recommended in the Virginia-Carolina production area.

Effect of Sand Moisture Content on Diesel Oil Volatilization

2011 ◽  
Vol 282-283 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Xue Dong Feng ◽  
Yan Fei Ma
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Linear Rate ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Sand Surface ◽  
Effect Of Moisture

Volatilization of diesel oil in sand columns was conducted at the ambient temperature of 20 °C by spilling oil on the sand surface. The weight loss of oil was determined by pre and post weight of the sand columns and desiccant was measured on an electronic balance. The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of moisture content on the volatilization of diesel oil in sand. The results show that the diesel oil and water in sand both volatilize at a linear rate with respect to time. The largest volatilization mass of diesel oil and water reach when the moisture contents are 8% and 20% respectively. Appropriate water content can help to pull the oil contaminants to the surface of the sand.

scholarly journals Synthesis of new conducting materials on the basis of polymer hydrogels

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
Oleh Suberlyak ◽  
◽  
Oleksandr Hrytsenko ◽  
Khrystyna Hishchak ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Conducting Polymer ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Polymer Hydrogels ◽  
Conducting Materials ◽  
Powder Filler ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Field Action

The new conducting polymer hydrogels on the basis of co-polymers of hydroxyethylenemethacrylate and polyvinylpyrrolidone with different nature non-organic fillers have been developed. The dependence of obtained materials electric characteristics on synthesis conditions, quantity and nature of powder filler, moisture content, ambient temperature and magnetic field action have been determined. The possibility of obtaining materials with anisotropic and unidirectional conductivity as well as the wide range of conductivity, which changes with moisture and ambient temperature, has been considered in this work

scholarly journals Karakteristik Pengeringan Gula Semut Menggunakan Alat Pengering Silinder Tipe Rak

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Hary Kurniawan ◽  
Kiki Rizqia Septiyana ◽  
Muhammad Adnand ◽  
Imam Adriansyah ◽  
Hasmi Nurkayanti
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Real Difference ◽  
Palm Sugar ◽  
Drying Chamber

Abstrak. Gula semut merupakah salah satu penganekaragaman produk gula palma yang berbentuk butiran atau kristal yang bahan bakunya dapat berasal dari dari nira kelapa, nira aren atau nira siwalan. Salah satu tahapan penting dalam pembuatan gula semut yaitu pengeringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakeristik pengeringan gula semut menggunakan alat pengering tipe rak yang berbentuk silinder. Alat pengering yang digunakan menggunakan gas LPG sebagai sumber panas. Parameter yang diamati meliputi suhu lingkungan dan suhu bahan di rak atas, tengah dan bawah, suhu udara yang masuk ke ruang pengering (inlet) dan suhu yang meninggalkan ruang pengering (cerobong). Perubahan kadar air gula semut juga diukur setiap waktu. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa suhu udara pengering dan suhu bahan baik di rak atas, tengah dan bawah berbeda signifikan. Sementara itu perubahan kadar air di setiap rak juga menunjukkan hal yang sama yaitu ada perbedaan nyata perubahan kadar air pada rak. Konstanta laju pengeringan sebesar 0,0119 - 0.0212 menit-1. Berdasarkan nilai R2 yang 0,5 menunjukkan bahwa kadar air yang diprediksi mampu menggambarkan kondisi yang mendekati perubahan kadar air yang sesungguhnya selama pengeringan.Characteristics of Drying Gula Semut Using Cylinder Abstract. Gula semut is one of the diversified products of palm sugar in the form of granules or powders made from palm sap, coconut sap, or siwalan sap. Drying is one of the important processes in making gula semut. The purpose of this study was to study the characteristics of drying gula semut using a cylinder geometry of the cabinet dryer. The dryer used LPG gas as a heat source. The parameters observed are the ambient temperature and the temperature of the sample in the top, middle and bottom racks, the temperature of inlet, and chimney. Changes in the moisture content of gula semut are also measured every time. The results showed that the ambient temperature of the drying chamber and the temperature of samples both on the top, middle, and bottom shelves differ significantly. There was a real difference in changes in the water content in the rack. The drying rate constants are 0.0119 to 0.0212 minutes-1. Based on the R2 value 0.5, it showed that the predicted moisture content was able to describe conditions that are close to changes in the actual moisture content during drying.

scholarly journals Design and Thermal Analysis of an Air Source Heat Pump Dryer for Food Drying

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haolu Liu ◽  
Khurram Yousaf ◽  
Kunjie Chen ◽  
Rui Fan ◽  
Jiaxin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Extraction Rate ◽  
Experimental Heat ◽  
Moisture Extraction ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Heat Pump Drying

In this study, an experimental heat pump dryer was designed. The specific moisture extraction rate and moisture extraction rate were used as performance indicators to explore the influence of environmental factors and the style of the hot air cycle on heat pump drying. The average temperature and humidity in Nanjing’s summer, winter, and throughout the whole year were taken as the experimental ambient temperature and humidity. Garlic slices 3 mm thick, with an initial moisture content of 66.714% w.b., were dried until the end moisture content was 10% w.b. Experimental results and thermal analysis showed that the open and semi-open heat pump dryers were greatly affected by ambient temperature and humidity. The closed heat pump drying system was greatly affected by the bypass air rate.

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