scholarly journals Progress in Waste Treatment in the Citrus Industry

1955 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Wakefield
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Heated Water

Pollution has been defined as “too much of anything” and that is about as satisfactory as any other definition. Thus, the discharge of sewage into a bathing lake to such an extent as to render the waters unsatisfactory for bathing purposes is definitely pollution. By the same token, so is the discharge of acid wastes in sufficient quantity so that the biological balance of a stream is upset also pollution. In like manner, the discharge of heated water into an underground stratum from which cooling water is taken may constitute pollution and, in some cases, decaying vegetation or fertilizer washed from the soil by surface runoff has been considered pollution. Paper published with permission.

scholarly journals Potable Water From Plant Waste Water

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon H. Richardson ◽  
Omer R. McDuff
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Accepted Practice ◽  
Division 2

The direct reuse of waste affluents is not a new concept to the citrus industry. Jones(1) reported the limited reuse of lime treated treatment plant effluent as barometric leg water. Treatment plant effluent was indicated by the Coca Cola Company Foods Division(2) as suitable for reuse as cooling water. Reuse of barometric leg water through the installation of cooling towers has become an accepted practice. This relatively high quality water, which amounts to a significant part of the total plant water usage, is readily isolated from the existing systems. Paper published with permission.

scholarly journals Water Plasma Generation Under Atmospheric Pressure for Waste Treatment

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Steam Generators ◽  
Plasma System ◽  
Plasma Generation ◽  
Halogenated Hydrocarbon ◽  
High Durability ◽  
Plasma Characteristics ◽  
Steam Plasma

DC lOO%-steam plasma characteristics were investigated for the application of halogenated hydrocarbon decomposition because steam plasmas are chemically reactive. However, plasma system generally requires complex subsystems such as steam generators and cooling units. The presented steam plasma system is a portable light-weight plasma generation system that does not require any gas supply unit. The system has high-energy efficiency because it does not need additional cooling water. Electrodes of high durability are required for a DC lOO%-steam plasma because the electrodes are exposed to reactive conditions. Thus, the electrode's characteristics were also investigated under different configurations and conditions. Keywords: CFC decomposition, halon decomposition, steam plasma, thermal plasma, and waste treatment.

Reuse of Treated Surface Runoff at a Bearing Factory

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
L.I. Sokolov ◽  
A.N. Tyanin ◽  
K.L. Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Cutting Fluids ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Bearing Factory

The results of studies of cutting fluids on three types of solvents are presented: distilled water, tap water and treated surface effluents of the factory. It has been proven that replacing tap water with treated surface wastewater when preparing soda-nitrite solutions does not affect the operational and functional properties of the coolant. The possibility of using the treated surface runoff of a bearing factory for the preparation of coagulant solutions for the purpose of using it in the purification of emulsion wastewater has been confirmed. Shown are the directions of recycling waste treatment of the surface runoff of the factory, in particular in the construction industry in the production of asphalt concrete.

scholarly journals DISPERSION OF COOLING WATER FROM A COASTAL LNG PLANT

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 (17) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
P. Ackers ◽  
J.D. Pitt ◽  
G. Thompson ◽  
K.G. Rippin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Loading ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Tidal Currents ◽  
Sea Temperature ◽  
Heated Water ◽  
Mixing Parameters

The object of this case study was to predict the likely degree of pollution resulting from the discharge of heated water from a proposed LNG plant into the sea (Figure 1). The expected thermal loading was 40 m-Vs at a temperature of 10°C above the natural ambient sea water temperature. The investigation was required to provide data for an ecological study to determine the possible impact of the plant on the coastal and marine environment. Information on tide levels, tidal currents, salinity, sea temperature, wind strength and direction was obtained in a general survey programme which had already been commissioned. These data provided vital information on seasonal variations in marine conditions and further local information was obtained from short intensive hydrographic surveys. The data were analysed to yield a simplified description of the tidal and wind induced currents and suitable values of mixing parameters for use in two numerical models. The first dealt with the "near field" processes of the spread of a buoyant layer of heated water under the convecting influence of the tidal currents. The second model simulated the "far field" processes which give rise to a general increase in the temperature of the sea in the region.

Facing construction challenges in constructing two bridges to provide access to Singapore’s new waste facilities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Tapley ◽  
Jacco Poland
Keyword(s):  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Clear Distance ◽  
Construction Activity ◽  
Waste Treatment Plant ◽  
Time Required ◽  
A Site

<p>Singapore faces a problem of how to deal with its waste and has consequently designated a site in the industrial area of Tuas for an incinerator and waste treatment plant. To access the site, two bridges are required to cross a waterway serving cooling water to an existing power station. This paper discusses the constraints faced in the design and construction of the bridges and how the Designer and Contractor developed innovative solutions to overcome challenges they posed.</p><p>In planning the bridges, it was essential that at no stage construction activity impacted the operation of the inlets and the associated access provisions. To meet this requirement, the bridges needed to span a clear distance of 75 m. With the aim of minimising the programme time required to construct the bridge, precast techniques were to be used extensively, with the pier heads each side of the main span being precast shells 28 m in length and the main beams being 50 m long precast U beams.</p>

A SYSTEM FOR PROTECTING AN OIL DIFFUSION PUMP AGAINST FAILURE OF THE MECHANICAL FORE PUMP, COOLING WATER, OR ELECTRICITY

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 344-345
Author(s):  
W. C. Bigelow ◽  
F. B. Drogosz ◽  
S. Nitschke
Keyword(s):  
High Vacuum ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Pump Line ◽  
Diffusion Pump ◽  
System Pressure ◽  
Control Relay ◽  
Vacuum Systems ◽  
Vacuum Gage ◽  
Pressure Switch

High vacuum systems with oil diffusion pumps usually have a pressure switch to protect against Insufficient cooling water; however, If left unattended for long periods of time, failure of the mechanical fore pump can occur with equally serious results. The device shown schematically in Fig. 1 has been found to give effective protection against both these failures, yet it is inexpensive and relatively simple to build and operate.With this system, pressure in the fore pump line is measured by thermocouple vacuum gage TVG (CVC G.TC-004) whose output is monitored by meter relay MRy (Weston 1092 Sensitrol) which is set to close if the pressure rises above about 0.2 torr. This energizes control relay CRy (Potter & Brumfield KA5Y 120VAC SPDT) cutting off power to solenoid-operated fore line valve Vf (Cenco 94280-4 Norm. Closed) which closes to prevent further leakage of air into the diffusion pump

Dispersion of Cooling Water From a Coastal LNG Plant

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ackers ◽  
J.D. Pitt ◽  
G. Thompson ◽  
K.G. Rippin
Keyword(s):  
Cooling Water

Mixing of Heated Water Discharged in the Surf Zone

1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoshi Horikawa ◽  
Ming-Chung Lin ◽  
Tamio O. Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Surf Zone ◽  
Heated Water
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