Water Treatment in Citrus Processing Plants

1955 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Lohkamp
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Refrigeration Equipment ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Good Operation

The primary aim of this paper is to point out the need for proper water treatment for boiler and refrigeration equipment in the citrus industry. Generally speaking, the treatment that applies in this industry will apply in any other industry as well. However, since many packing and processing plants in Florida have grown up practically overnight, the production end of the operation has been stressed but some of the basic needs have been by-passed because there has, at times, been a lack of capital. At other times speed was an essential and some of the fundamentals of good operation were forgotten. Paper published with permission.

scholarly journals Sensory Profile and Acceptability of Juices from Mandarin Varieties and Hybrids

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Carbonell ◽  
S. Bayarri ◽  
J.L. Navarro ◽  
I. Carbonell ◽  
L. Izquierdo
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Processing Plants

Fresh juices from mandarin varieties, from hybrids, and from blends of these raw materials were evaluated by 100 consumers to determine acceptability, and by 10 trained panelists to quantify sensory attributes. Trained panelists found the juice from Clemenules richer in both mandarin and fresh flavor (odor and taste) whereas Nova juice presented minimum scores for these attributes. These aspects obviously affected the evaluation of acceptability by consumers, who preferred the juice from Clemenules (a Clementine variety) either alone or blended in major proportions with less preferred varieties such as Marisol, Hernandina (Clementines), Ortanique or Nova (hybrids). Nova juice was rejected by most consumers, but accepted by a small group of them. These results are of great importance for the European citrus industry since Clemenules is the most abundant variety and will constitute the main source of raw material for processing plants.

scholarly journals Kosentrasi BOD, Minyak dan Lemak di Permukiman Desa Bakau Besar Laut Kec. Sungai Pinyuh Kab. Mempawah

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Isna Apriani ◽  
Zairin Zain ◽  
Ria Risti Astanti
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Grab Sampling ◽  
Processing Plants

Abstract: The settlements in RW 3 and RW 4 of Bakau Besar Laut village, Sungai Pinyuh district, covers an area adjacent to two small industries, namely a shrimp farm and copra processing with no WWTP facility, generating domestic wastes that potentially pollute local settlements and farms. This research has the purpose of identifying the BOD, Grease and Fat contents in the settlement by testing the drainage water quality in the local settlements and farms. Grab Sampling method was used to sample the water, whereas Mann Whitney method served in statistical test. Result of analysis shows that BOD concentration in each drainage has surpassed the quality standard specified in Government Regulation (PP) no. 82 of 2001, but the Oil and Fat concentration did not surpass the same regulation. Based on the results of Mann whitney statistica test, it was found that the BOD, Grease and Fat content has a radius of 700 m > 1700 m (agricultural drainage) with sig value of 0.677 > 0.05; 500 m > 1500 m (inhabitants’ drainage) with sig value of 0.936 > 0.05. Recommendations include clean water treatment (PAM/drinking water company) with intake from Bakau Besar Laut river and garbage sorting based on their characteristics (e.g. organic, anorganic and toxic and hazardous), establishing WWTP (Waste Water Treatment Plant) for shrimp farms and copra processing industries as well as establishing animal waste-based Biogas processing plants as sources for fuel and compost fertilizers that can be reutilized by the people.Abstrak: Permukiman di RW 3 dan RW 4 Desa Bakau Besar Laut,Kec. Sungai Pinyuh, merupakan kawasan yang berdekatan dengan dua industri kecil yaitu tambak udang dan pengolahan kopra yang tidak memiliki [IPAL] dengan limbah domestik yang berpotensi mencemari permukiman dan pertanian di kawasan tersebut.Riset ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar BOD, Minyak dan Lemak di permukiman dengan menguji kualitas air drainase warga dan pertanian. Metode Grab Sampling digunakan untuk pengambilan sampel air dan metode Mann Whitney sebagai pengujian statistik. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Konsentrasi BOD pada masing – masing drainase telah melewati standar baku mutu PP 82 tahun 2001 sedangkan konsentrasi Minyak dan Lemak tidak melewati standar baku mutu PP 82 tahun 2001. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik Mann whitney didapatkan kadar BOD, Minyak dan Lemak diantaranya radius 700 m > 1700 m (drainase pertanian) dengan nilai sig 0,677 > 0,05; 500 m > 1500 m (drainase warga) dengan nilai sig 0,936 > 0,05. Rekomendasi berupa pengolahan air bersih (PAM) dengan intake yang berasal dari sungai Bakau Besar Laut, melakukan pemisahan sampah sesuai dengan karakteristik limbahnya yaitu organik, anorganik dan B3, mendirikan IPAL (Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah) untuk industri tambak udang dan pengolahan kopra serta mendirikan pengolahan Biogas berbahan baku limbah ternak sebagai sumber bahan bakar dan pupuk kompos organik yang dapat dimanfaatkan kembali oleh masyarakat.

VOC Emissions From Citrus Processing Plants

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Buff
Keyword(s):  
Test Methods ◽  
Title V ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Citrus Peel ◽  
Voc Emissions ◽  
Air Emission ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Florida Citrus

The Florida citrus industry currently consists of approximately 25 citrus processing plants located in 12 counties. Historically, peel dryers have been the only regulated sources of air emissions at citrus plants. Particulate matter (PM) and sulfur dioxide (S02) emissions have been historically the only pollutant regulated from peel dryers. These emissions have generally been addressed in permit applications for peel dryers, along with emissions due to fuel combustion, which include carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Recently, the question of the magnitude of VOC emissions from citrus peel dryers as well as from citrus processing plants has arisen because federal operating permit regulations and prevention of significant deterioration (PSD) regulations would apply if VOC emissions exceed certain levels. In preparing Title V permit applications, several citrus processors have obtained air emission data from peel dryers, including VOC data. These limited data have indicated that VOC emissions can be significant. The citrus industry is planning to obtain additional VOC data in the upcoming processing season in order to better quantify such emissions. This paper presents available industry data in regard to VOC emissions from citrus plants and peel dryers. Test data are presented, summarized, and evaluated. Test methods are also identified and discussed in relation to results obtained. Potential VOC emissions based on mass balance are presented. The citrus peel drying process and operation is discussed in relation to the VOC emissions data. Finally, potential air permitting implications of VOC emissions are discussed. Based on the information gathered in this study, it is concluded that VOC emissions from peel dryers and from citrus processing plants are significant. Most plants would likely be considered as major sources for Title V purposes, and larger plants could be major sources for PSD new source review purposes. Paper published with permission.

New Construction of an In-Drum Drying Plant in the Central Decontamination and Water Treatment Facility (ZDW)

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Hoffmann ◽  
Ingmar Koischwitz ◽  
Jörg Viermann
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Waste Waters ◽  
Treatment Facility ◽  
Final Disposal ◽  
Nuclear Plants ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
New Construction

During the operation and dismantling of nuclear plants, a variety of radioactive liquid wastes accumulate, which must be supplied to a disposal chain suitable for final disposal. In the initial conditioning step, with regard to their chemical properties these waste waters are usually adjusted by water treatment systems (predominantly evaporation facilities) permanently installed in nuclear power plants, and then, they are concentrated up to a predefined content of solids. Afterwards, the developing evaporator concentrate is desiccated locally and suitable for final disposal by own permanently installed conditioning installations or by means of mobile plants. For a mobile conditioning of evaporator concentrates, GNS uses the drying plant of the type FAVORIT proven over decades. Each of the mobile FAVORIT processing plants is provided with a handling licence for Germany valid nationwide according to § 7 of the German Radiation Protection Ordinance (StrlSchV).

scholarly journals ADSORBTION METHOD OF WASTE WATER TREATMENT AT SEWAGE FACILITIES IN OIL PROCESSING PLANTS

2018 ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Natalia Nickolaevna Artemieva ◽  
Ruslan Aleksandrovich Burnashev
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Force Field ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Purification Method ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Technical Solutions

The aim of research is to find ways of increasing the efficiency of wastewater treatment in order to solve the problem of oil sludge accumulation in the oil processing plant. The use of an adsorption purification method is considered, the advantage of which is in adsorbing molecules of pollutants under the influence of the force field in adsorbent pores. Application of new technical solutions helps to reduce the volume of accumulated wastes and to make the process of treatment more environmentally friendly and economically feasible

scholarly journals The Treatment and Disposal of Citrus Processing Waste Water

1962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. McNary ◽  
James M. Fiske
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Processing Waste ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Treatment And Disposal

This presentation was originally intended to be an account of the shake-down cruise and initial operating results of the Kraft Foods, Citrus Processing Waste Water Treatment Plant. Since this plant has not yet been completed, there are no operating results; and, we will have to confine our remarks to the why’s and wherefore’s of this particular design. In order to do this logically, a quick review of waste procedures available to the citrus industry will help to orient the reader. (See Figure 1.). An explanation of each procedure follows. Paper published with permission.

scholarly journals Cost of Required Water Pollution Abatement on Poultry Processing Plants

1974 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-211
Author(s):  
Waldon R. Kerns ◽  
Harold B. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Pollution Abatement ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Poultry Processing

Efforts currently are being made to arrive at pollution abatement standards for the poultry processing industry. Once a set of effluent limits are established, individual firms have several alternatives to meet the best available control requirements by altering in-plant techniques and modifying waste water treatment systems. This study provides information on current cost and expenditure levels for waste water treatment in the poultry processing industry in Georgia. The primary objective was to provide an assessment of the probable industry cost of achieving higher levels of treatment which are required under new pollution control guidelines. Changes needed for individual plants will vary depending on the nature of the waste, the degree and kind of treatment, and the size and location of the firm.

Flow and Tank Inventory Measurement

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne Ralph ◽  
Carlos A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Know How ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Current Product ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Product Inventory

The need to track inventory and material transfers in processing plants is almost universal. That is part of the reason we were asked to participate in this conference. Because, most of our experience is in industries other than citrus processing. We agreed to write this paper expecting that the experience of other processing industries could be useful. Someone called this a cross pollination experiment. A common denominator in industry, indeed life, is money. We may confuse each other with terms such as Brix, degrees API, yield, etc., but dollars we understand. The need to know how many pounds of juice produced and stored is analogous to measuring the gallons of gasoline produced and stored. In both cases we ultimately need to know the value of product produced per dollar of raw materials consumed and the value of the current product inventory. We will review the need for flow and inventory measurements, the current citrus industry practices and potential opportunities for improved measurements by using currently available proven technology. Paper published with permission.

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