Investigation of the Working Processes in a Gas Turbine Combustor With Steam Injection

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serhiy Serbin ◽  
Anna Mostipanenko ◽  
Igor Matveev
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Geometry Optimization ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Operation Modes ◽  
Working Processes

Theoretical and experimental investigations of the working processes in a gas turbine combustor with steam injection have been conducted. Selected concept of a gas turbine combustor can provide higher performance, wider turn down ratios, lower emission of nitrogen oxides, demonstrate satisfactory major gravimetric and volumetric parameters. Obtained results and recommendations can be used for the gas turbine combustor operation modes modeling, geometry optimization, prospective propulsion and power generation units design and engineering.

scholarly journals Investigations of a Gas Turbine Low-Emission Combustor Operating on the Synthesis Gas

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serhiy Serbin ◽  
Nataliia Goncharova
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Synthesis Gas ◽  
Geometry Optimization ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Operation Modes ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Combustion Technology

Investigations of the working processes in a gas turbine low-emission combustor operating on the synthesis gas, in which the principle of RQL (Rich-Burn, Quick-Mix, and Lean-Burn) combustion technology is realized, have been performed. Selected concept of a gas turbine combustor can provide higher performance and lower emission of nitrogen oxides and demonstrates satisfactory major key parameters. Obtained results and recommendations can be used for the gas turbine combustor operation modes modeling, geometry optimization, and prospective power generation units design and engineering.

Success of Ammonia-Fired, Regenerator-Heated, Diffusion Combustion Gas Turbine Power Generation and Prospect of Low NOx Combustion With High Combustion Efficiency

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Kurata ◽  
Norihiko Iki ◽  
Takayuki Matsunuma ◽  
Takahiro Inoue ◽  
Taku Tsujimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Diffusion Combustion ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Flame Stability ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Combustion Gas ◽  
Low Nox Combustion ◽  
The 1960S

To protect against global warming, a massive influx of renewable energy is expected. Although hydrogen is a renewable media, its storage and transportation in large quantity is difficult. Ammonia, however, is a hydrogen energy carrier and carbon-free fuel, and its storage and transportation technology is already established. Although ammonia combustion was studied in the 1960s in the USA, the development of an ammonia combustion gas turbine had been abandoned because combustion efficiency was unacceptably low. Since that time, in the combustion field, ammonia has been thought of as a fuel N additive in the study of NOx formation. Recent demand for hydrogen carrier revives the usage of ammonia combustion, but no one has attempted an actual design setup for ammonia combustion gas turbine power generation. The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) in Japan successfully performed ammonia-kerosene co-fired gas turbine power generation in 2014, and ammonia-fired gas turbine power generation in 2015. In the facilities, a regenerator-heated, diffusion-combustion micro-gas turbine is used, and its high combustor inlet temperature enables high thermal efficiency of ammonia combustion compared with that of methane combustion. Adoption of the regenerator increased combustor inlet temperature and enhanced flame stability in ammonia-air combustion. Although NOx emission from a gas turbine combustor is high, a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) after gas turbine combustor reduces NOx emission to less than 10 ppm. This means that the ammonia combustion gas turbine design, abandoned in the 1960s for its unacceptably low combustion efficiency, has performed successfully with regenerator and SCR technology. However, the weakness of these facilities was that they required large-size SCR equipment in order to suppress a high concentration of NOx. Although NOx reduction in the combustion process is desirable, low NOx combustion technology is difficult because ammonia had been thought of as a source of fuel-NO. In the case of premixed ammonia-air flame, there exists a low emission window of NOx and NH3 in a certain equivalence ratio, but combustion intensity is very low because the laminar burning velocity of NH3-air is one-fifth that of CH4-air. This means that, when utilizing the window of premixed ammonia-air flame, scale-up of the combustion chamber or fuel additives for enhancement of flame stability is necessary. This study shows that the addition of H2 is effective for low NOx combustion with high combustion efficiency. In addition, H2 can be easily made from NH3 decomposition. The other option is diffusion combustion. Further research on low NOx combustion is needed.

Gas Turbine Combustor Analysis

1975 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 610-618
Author(s):  
D. A. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Direct Calculation ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Compressor Pressure Ratio ◽  
Machine Speed

The pressure, temperature, and fuel-to-air ratio of a gas turbine combustor vary with ambient conditions, machine speed, and load. Only a few of these parameters are independent. An analysis has been developed which predicts the combustor operating parameters. The analysis includes low heating value fuel combustion, water injection, and three modes of steam injection. The analysis is used to predict the combustor operation for a simple-cycle gas turbine, but it is not restricted to this case. In addition, a simplified analysis is deduced and shown to be surprisingly accurate. Special solutions are presented which permit direct calculation of the firing temperatures, fuel heating value, or air extraction required to achieve a specified compressor pressure ratio. Finally, the analysis is compared with experimental results.

scholarly journals Investigations of the emission characteristics of a gas turbine combustor with water steam injection

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
К.S. Burunsuz ◽  
V. V. Kuklinovsky ◽  
S. I. Serbin
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Reacting Flows ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Water Steam ◽  
Theoretical Investigations ◽  
Chemically Reacting ◽  
New Generation

The article is devoted to investigation of the possibilities of creating highly efficient and competitive Ukrainian gas turbine engines (GTEs), which correspond to modern environmental requirements for new generation energy modules. One of the most important directions of solving this problem is considered, namely, the possibility of realizing a complex thermal circuit of a gas turbine unit (GTU) - the scheme "Aquarius" with the utilization of exhaust gases heat and the injection of ecological and energy water steam into the flowing part of a combustor.  The possibilities of reducing emission of harmful components, in particular, of nitrogen oxides, are analyzed, while organizing the process of a 25 MW gas turbine combustor with the supply of water steam to the primary and secondary chamber’s zones. Three-dimensional calculations of the aerodynamic structure of chemically reacting flows in a gas turbine combustor were performed with the help of methods of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The results of theoretical investigations of gas turbine combustor’s emission characteristics at different ratios of the ecological and energy steam consumptions are presented, their rational values are revealed. The main results of the work can be used at power engineering enterprises for upgrading and modernizing existing and designing models of low-emission combustors of GTE.

Low-Emissions Renewable Power Generation Using Liquid Fuels

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo D. Eskin ◽  
Michael S. Klassen ◽  
Richard J. Roby ◽  
Richard G. Joklik ◽  
Maclain M. Holton
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Combustion Technology

A Lean, Premixed, Prevaporized (LPP) combustion technology has been developed that converts liquid biofuels, such as biodiesel or ethanol, into a substitute for natural gas. This fuel can then be burned with low emissions in virtually any combustion device in place of natural gas, providing users substantial fuel flexibility. A gas turbine utilizing the LPP combustion technology to burn biofuels creates a “dispatchable” (on-demand) renewable power generator with low criteria pollutant emissions and no net carbon emissions. Natural gas, petroleum based fuel oil #1 and #2, biodiesel and ethanol were tested in an atmospheric pressure test rig using actual gas turbine combustor hardware (designed for natural gas) and achieved natural gas level emissions. Both biodiesel and ethanol achieved natural gas level emissions for NOx, CO, SOx and particulate matter (PM). Extended lean operation was observed for all liquid fuels tested due to the wider lean flammability range for these fuels compared to natural gas. Autoignition of the fuels was controlled by the level of diluent (inerting) gas used in the vaporization process. This technology has successfully demonstrated the clean generation of green, dispatchable, renewable power on a 30kW Capstone C30 microturbine. Emissions on the vaporized derived from bio-ethanol are 3 ppm NO(x) and 18 ppm CO, improving on the baseline natural gas emissions of 3 ppm NO(x), 30 ppm CO. Performance calculations have shown that for a typical combined cycle power plant, one can expect to achieve a two percent (2%) improvement in the overall net plant heat rate when burning liquid fuel as LPP Gas™ as compared to burning the same liquid fuel in traditional spray-flame diffusion combustors. This level of heat rate improvement is quite substantial, and represents an annual fuel savings of over five million dollars for base load operation of a GE Frame 7EA combined cycle plant (126 MW). This technology provides a clean and reliable form of renewable energy using liquid biofuels that can be a primary source for power generation or be a back-up source for non-dispatchable renewable energy sources such as wind and solar. The LPP technology allows for the clean use of biofuels in combustion devices without water injection or the use of post-combustion pollution control equipment and can easily be incorporated into both new and existing gas turbine power plants. No changes are required to the DLE gas turbine combustor hardware.

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