scholarly journals Gas Turbines in the Arctic Environment

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. Kindl
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Proper Design ◽  
The Impact

The operation of gas turbines in regions where the atmospheric temperature may go below freezing introduces some special kinds of application problems which must be accounted for in the design if the units are to perform satisfactorily. These conditions are aggravated as the temperatures go down and gas turbines applied in Arctic regions can be severely limited in their operation if proper design precautions are not taken. The purpose of this paper is to list the various characteristics about arctic applications which are different from those in more southerly parts of the world and the design changes that must be made in order to cope with these problems. In addition, the paper outlines some characteristics of the gas turbine which are enhanced by the low temperature application and how it is possible to take advantage of these features. The subjects of Inlet Icing, Low Temperature Effects on Materials, and the Impact of Low Inlet Air Temperatures on Total Machine Capability are all discussed. In addition, the results of a number of years operating experience in arctic applications are covered and test data from a few installations is reported.

Stress Rupture Behavior of Disk Superalloys Exposed to Low-Temperature Hot Corrosion Environment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipankar Dua ◽  
Mohammad Khajavi ◽  
Gary White ◽  
Deepak Thirumurthy ◽  
Jaskirat Singh
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Hot Corrosion ◽  
Inconel 718 ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Rupture Life ◽  
Stress Rupture ◽  
Stress Rupture Life ◽  
Corrosive Environments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Temperature Surface

Abstract Siemens Energy has a large fleet of aero-derivative gas turbines. The performance and durability of these power turbines largely depend on the capability of hot section components to resist high-temperature surface attacks and to maintain their mechanical properties. Hot corrosion attack occurs due to exposure of turbine components to sulfur-bearing fuels/air together with other corrosive compounds during turbine operation. This paper investigates the impact of low-temperature hot corrosion on the stress rupture of commonly used gas turbine disk alloys, including Inconel 718, Incoloy 901, and A-286. The results indicate that Inconel 718 and Incoloy 901 maintain their creep strength advantage over A-286 in a low-temperature hot corrosion inducing environment at 1100°F. All three materials exhibited an equivalent life reduction in the corrosive environments at 1100°F. Moreover, the results demonstrate that the stress-rupture life of materials in hot-corrosion environments depends on the combined and cumulative effects of corrosion-resistant and hardening elements.

On Maintainability of Winterised Plants Operating in Arctic Regions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Naseri
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Polar Low ◽  
Maintainability Analysis ◽  
Operation Risk ◽  
The Impact

In Arctic regions, oil and gas (O&G) operations are adversely affected by harsh weather conditions and severe meteorological phenomena such as icing storms and, in certain regions, polar low pressures. Potential solutions, such as implementing winterisation concepts, are explored in the design and even operation phases in order to overcome such obstacles. Simply, the main aim of winterisation is to provide the crew and equipment units with a range of normal environmental and working conditions through, for instance, insulating equipment units, installing heat tracers, enclosing working areas, providing the crew with adequate clothing, etc. There are, however, some concerns about the efficiency of such winterisation measures and potential changes in operation risk level, of which the changes in plant downtime, production loss, and plant maintainability are the focus of present study. The issue of complex effects of winterisation measures on maintainability analysis of O&G plants operating in the Arctic offshore has gained little attention in the literature. In this study, different aspects of winterisation from the viewpoint of equipment maintainability are discussed. Further, a mathematical framework for maintainability analysis of equipment units subjected to winterisation measures is proposed. The impact of winterisation-related downtimes on plant downtime is analysed as well by employing a Monte Carlo system simulation technique. The application of the proposed framework is illustrated by a case study. The results are further compared with those for a non-winterised system designed for normal-climate regions.

scholarly journals Socially acceptable consumer budget in the Arctic regions of Russia

POPULATION ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
Elena G. Zlenko
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Subsistence Minimum ◽  
The Social ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
The Impact

The need for accelerated social and economic development of the Arctic as a priority geostrategic territory of the Russian Federation requires a special approach to the issues of incomes of the population of the Arctic regions, and, above all, to the social criterion. Foreign experience in formation of minimum consumer budgets, domestic developments in this area and methodological principles of its formation used for a living wage have determined the priorities in choosing a social criterion. The key role in addressing this issue is played by the system of low-income consumer budgets (the subsistence minimum (SM) and the socially acceptable (recovery) consumer budget, which exceeds the subsistence minimum by about 3 times) within the framework of the general classification of the system of normative consumer budgets developed by the scientific school of the All-Russian Center for Living Standards. The methodological basis for formation of a socially acceptable consumer budget is determined by the provisions based on the recovery level of population consumption in conjunction with low incomes and taking into account the satisfaction of material, spiritual and social needs, a variety of consumer properties and benefits, as well as the impact on the consumption characteristics of the natural, climatic, economic, social and other special factors of the Arctic. Important for the social criterion qualities — validity and transparency — are ensured through application of the normative method of forming a socially acceptable consumer basket, which includes sets of food products, non-food goods and services. The normative socially acceptable consumer budget is differentiated by the specific of consumption of different categories of the population that is reflected in the structure and volume of consumption. The size of the socially acceptable consumer budget is determined by the cost of the consumer basket, as well as expenses on savings and mandatory payments and fees. Regional differences in the factors influencing the formation of a socially acceptable consumer budget cause territorial diversity in the level of the indicator in the Arctic zone.

scholarly journals Digitalization in Education and Distance Barriers in the Russian Arctic: Problems and Prospects

2021 ◽  
pp. 144-160
Author(s):  
Natalya V. DYADIK ◽  
◽  
Anastasiya N. CHAPARGINA ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Active Dissemination ◽  
Labor Resources ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

In the era of digital technologies, the issues of providing highly qualified personnel, the effective use of the intellectual potential of the territory and the creation of conditions for its reproduction are of particular importance. These problems are more acute in remote areas of the Russian Arctic. This is due, firstly, to the ultradispersity of the settlement system in the Arctic of the Russian Federation, and, secondly, to the imbalance between the demand and supply of labor resources in territorial and professional terms. Digitalization has become an integral component of education all over the world; therefore, the purpose of this article is to assess the availability of education in the regions of the Russian Arctic and to search for new targets for quality education in the context of digital transformation. The existing educational environment in the Arctic regions is analyzed in the article. The impact of urbanization degree on affordable education in remote Arctic regions is assessed. The financial capabilities of the population are investigated. Based on the analysis, a number of problems associated with the active dissemination of new technologies are identified. Recommendations for improving the educational process are given, taking into account the digitalization of society. The main stages of modernization of the educational process in remote regions of the Arctic are identified.

scholarly journals Evidence for an increasing role of ocean heat in Arctic winter sea ice growth

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-42
Author(s):  
Robert Ricker ◽  
Frank Kauker ◽  
Axel Schweiger ◽  
Stefan Hendricks ◽  
Jinlun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Ice Growth ◽  
Marginal Seas ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Barents And Kara Seas ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWe investigate how sea ice decline in summer and warmer ocean and surface temperatures in winter affect sea ice growth in the Arctic. Sea ice volume changes are estimated from satellite observations during winter from 2002 to 2019 and partitioned into thermodynamic growth and dynamic volume change. Both components are compared to validated sea ice-ocean models forced by reanalysis data to extend observations back to 1980 and to understand the mechanisms that cause the observed trends and variability. We find that a negative feedback driven by the increasing sea ice retreat in summer yields increasing thermodynamic ice growth during winter in the Arctic marginal seas eastward from the Laptev Sea to the Beaufort Sea. However, in the Barents and Kara Seas, this feedback seems to be overpowered by the impact of increasing oceanic heat flux and air temperatures, resulting in negative trends in thermodynamic ice growth of -2 km3month-1yr-1 on average over 2002-2019 derived from satellite observations.

scholarly journals Ecological and hygienic problems in the Arctic territories of intensive industrial activity (review)

Public Health ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
A. B. Gudkov ◽  
G. N. Degteva ◽  
O. A. Shepeleva
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Industrial Activity ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Arctic Conditions ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Scientific Substantiation ◽  
The Impact

The Goal. To analyze the literature on the impact of high latitude climate on human health, as well as consider some aspects of adaptation to Arctic conditions and nutritional issues for the population and shift workers.Methods. Review of the articles placed in the bibliographic and abstract databases of VINITI, CyberLeninka, RSCI, Scopus, WoS, on the study of environmental and hygienic problems in the Arctic territories, where intense industrial activity is carried out. The following keywords were used: Arctic territories, adaptation, watch, food.Results. Long-term fundamental research has established that a complex of unfavorable and extreme natural and climatic factors in the Arctic causes two main syndromes in humans – “polar tension” and “northern tissue hypoxia”. Adaptation of new settlers in the Arctic territories proceeds in three stages. The duration of the shift period must have a physiological and hygienic justification and correspond to the duration of the period of stable working capacity. In high latitudes, it is especially important to develop diets and food products for various groups of the population and shift workers in relation to the specifics of their work in the Arctic regionsConclusions. Among the main environmental and hygienic problems of the Arctic territories, where intense industrial activity is carried out, it is necessary to highlight the tasks of scientific substantiation of rational modes of work and rest of workers in rotational forms of work. Also it’s necessary to define the quantitative and qualitative composition of food rations recommended for nutrition of various groups of the population, in relation to the specifics of production factors.

scholarly journals Mining Industry of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and Problems of Environmental and Social Security of Indigenous Peoples

Land ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Evdokia Burtseva ◽  
Anatoliy Sleptsov ◽  
Anna Bysyina ◽  
Alla Fedorova ◽  
Gavril Dyachkovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia; RS(Y)) is located in the northeast of Siberia (Russia) in the basins of the Lena, Yana, and Indigirka rivers, in the lower reaches of the Kolyma River. Yakutia is an industrial–agrarian republic with a developed mining, fuel, and energy industry. Indigenous peoples live mainly in the Arctic regions, where the large-scale development of mineral resources is planned, and South Yakutia, where the mining industry is well developed. The aim of this study is the development of methodological approaches to assessing the impact of the mining industry on the natural environment and the social sphere in the places of residence and traditional economic activities of the indigenous peoples of the North. We used the results of research work (R&D), materials of expeditionary work, and regulatory documents of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the Russian Federation (RF). The state of the environment (ES) was assessed on the basis of the analysis of indicators for three areas: (a) anthropogenic load, (b) environmental and social consequences, and (c) resistance of natural complexes to technogenic impacts. In total, 22 indicators were used for the 3 areas, for example, population density, person/km2; the volume of extraction of rock mass, million m3; and emissions, t/year. To bring dissimilar indicators into comparable ones, we used a methodological approach with the use of the social risk index (SRI). In Arctic regions (mainly agricultural), the ES is in a favorable and relatively favorable state: SRI 0.61–0.70; in the central regions (mainly agricultural), it is satisfactory and relatively satisfactory: SRI 0.71–1.0; in the southern and western regions with a developed mining industry, it is relatively tense and tense: SRI 1.01–3.0. An extremely tense state of environmental conditions has developed in the city of Yakutsk: SRI ≥ 3. Generally, the deterioration of the environmental situation and vital activity of the indigenous peoples in investigated Arctic region correlated with the impact of the mining industry.

THE IMPACT OF MODERN CONDITIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CLUSTER OF ARCTIC COASTAL REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
Dmitry L. Kondratovich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Green Technologies ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

The article is devoted to the identification of modern factors influencing the development of the cluster of Arctic coastal regions and the development of proposals to reduce the risks of economic security, taking into account the specific features of the development of these territories. A lot of research works have been devoted to aspects of the economic security of the Arctic coastal regions, and there is also an interest on the part of the state to address issues of balanced development of the Arctic territories, which is expressed in a systematic approach implemented through a number of strategic documents, including the Economic Security Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030. Despite this, the change in modern realities requires constant adjustments to existing documents and forecasts affecting the regional specifics of economic security and Arctic coastal regions, from the perspective of the influence of various factors, such as, for example, sanctions, the COVID-19 pandemic, instability of world commodity markets, the introduction of green technologies, changing priorities in the development of Arctic regions.

scholarly journals ABOUT BASIC PRINCIPLES AND PRIORITIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE GLOBALIZATION FACTOR

2019 ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
Veronika Pobedonostseva ◽  
Galina Pobedonostseva
Keyword(s):  
The Arctic ◽  
World Population ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Growth

The basic principles and development priorities of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and the impact on some of them of the global growth factor of the world population are considered. The analysis of the rating of the quality of life of the population of the Russian Arctic regions. It lags behind the rating of the level of economic development of these regions.

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