Using Co-Simulation Methods to Establish Variable Valve Actuation Hardware Specifications and Control Strategies

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhard Burk ◽  
Frederic Jacquelin ◽  
Russell Wakeman
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Variable Valve Actuation ◽  
Variable Valve ◽  
And Control ◽  
Valve Actuation

Abstract With the increasing recognition that variable valve actuation (VVA) in its various forms is a powerful tool for optimizing the performance of internal combustion engines, more and more production systems are being designed and implemented throughout the industry. However, as these control systems become more capable of altering lift, timing, duration, and even the number of valve events, the complexity of designing algorithms and calibrating them becomes enormous. In addition, without prior knowledge of an engine’s response to these algorithms, designing a cost-effective mechanism which provides adequate but not over-reaching capability is difficult. Ricardo has developed methodology for timestep coupled simulations which enables the use of one-dimensional (1-D) gas dynamics simulation of engine performance (WAVE™) coupled to a simulation of the valve actuation mechanism constructed in MATLAB® and AMESim®. This arrangement allows valve motion input to the 1-D code to be controlled either manually or by a VVA controller simulation, allowing such engine parameters as torque, fuel consumption, NVH, and EGR rates to be monitored as a function of valve timing strategy. This method allows the examination of such engine development concerns as tolerances, valve velocities and accelerations, and interactions with other engine controls to be studied without the costs, leadtimes, or hardware reliability problems that are associated with prototyping a VVA system. In addition, the interfacing of the valve control/engine performance simulation combination with the Design of Experiments optimization software iSIGHT allows the control system space to be explored automatically, without the brute force numerical search required to examine all permutations of the control strategies. The output of this procedure is an array of requirements which can be quickly translated into a specification document which will guide hardware and controls design efforts.

A physics-based approach to the control of homogeneous charge compression ignition engines with variable valve actuation

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
G M Shaver ◽  
M J Roelle ◽  
P A Caton ◽  
N B Kaahaaina ◽  
N Ravi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
System Control ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Variable Valve Actuation ◽  
Variable Valve ◽  
Homogeneous Charge ◽  
Valve Actuation

Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is a promising low-temperature combustion strategy for reducing NOx emissions and increasing efficiency in internal combustion engines. However, HCCI has no direct combustion initiator and, when achieved by reinducting or trapping residual exhaust gas with a variable valve actuation (VVA) system, becomes a dynamic process as the temperature of the residual gas couples one cycle to the next. These characteristics of residual-affected HCCI present a challenge for control engineers and a barrier to implementing HCCI in a production engine. In order to address these challenges, this paper outlines physics-based control strategies for both the VVA system and the HCCI combustion process. The results show that VVA system control can provide arbitrary valve timings on a cycle-to-cycle basis, enabling tight control of HCCI. By abstracting these valve timings further into an inducted gas composition and an effective compression ratio, model-based controllers can be developed to control simultaneously load and combustion timing in an HCCI engine.

A Machine Learning Based Numerical Approach for Valve Seating Velocity Control in an Electromagnetic Camless System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinibas Tripathy ◽  
Mithun Babu M. ◽  
Kanupriya M. ◽  
Mayank Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Learning Tool ◽  
Variable Valve Actuation ◽  
Valve Operation ◽  
Variable Valve ◽  
Machine Learning Tool ◽  
Valve Actuation

Abstract Improving internal combustion engine performance is a significant concern over the past few decades for engine researchers and automobile manufacturers. One of the promising methods for improving the engine performance is variable valve actuation system with camless technology. In the camless system, the conventional spring-operated valve actuation mechanism is removed, and an actuator is used to independently control the valve events (lift, timing, and duration). Among different camless systems, electromagnetic variable valve actuation (EMVA) becomes more viable because of its faster valve operation. However, the major challenge is to control the valve seating velocity (velocity at which valve comes to rest during seating on the cylinder head) due to the absence of the cam mechanism. A sophisticated control system must be developed to achieve an acceptable valve seating velocity. In this study, a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller was used to control the EMVA system. A machine learning tool, i.e., genetic algorithm, and an iterative method, i.e., Ziegler-Nichols, were used to optimize the PID controller’s gain values. The valve lift profiles obtained using the Ziegler-Nichols method and the genetic algorithm were compared. It was found that the developed algorithm for the EMVA system can achieve faster rise time compared to the experimental results [25] utilized inverse square method. A parametric investigation was performed to verify the robustness of the PID controller with a change in temperature. It is concluded that the temperature rise may increase the resistance and inductance, but the controller with the updated gain values can control the EMVA system without affecting the performance parameter. The simulation was performed for both forward and backward strokes to investigate the valve seating velocity. It was found that the controller can achieve an acceptable valve seating velocity. Hence, the machine learning tool helps in optimizing the PID controller’s gain values to achieve faster valve operation with an acceptable valve seating velocity.

scholarly journals Modeling and Control of an Electromagnetic Variable Valve Actuation System

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 2654-2665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Paden ◽  
Shaun T. Snyder ◽  
Brad E. Paden ◽  
Michael R. Ricci
Keyword(s):  
Modeling And Control ◽  
Variable Valve Actuation ◽  
Actuation System ◽  
Variable Valve ◽  
And Control ◽  
Valve Actuation

Modeling Cylinder-to-Cylinder Coupling in Multi-Cylinder HCCI Engines Incorporating Reinduction

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anup M. Kulkarni ◽  
Gayatri H. Adi ◽  
Gregory M. Shaver
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Exhaust Manifold ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Subtle Difference ◽  
Hcci Engine ◽  
Variable Valve Actuation ◽  
Hcci Engines ◽  
Valve Actuation

Residual-affected homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is a promising strategy for decreasing fuel consumption and NOx emissions in internal combustion engines. One practical approach for achieving residual-affected HCCI is by using variable valve actuation to reinduct previously exhausted combustion products. This process inherently couples neighboring engine cylinders as products exhausted by one cylinder may be reinducted by a neighboring one. In order to understand this coupling and its implication for controlling HCCI, this paper outlines a simple physics based model of a multi-cylinder HCCI engine using exhaust reinduction. It is based on a physics based model previously validated for a single cylinder, multi mode HCCI engine. The exhaust manifold model links exhaust gases from one cylinder to those of the other cylinders and also simulates the effect of exhaust reinduction from the previous cycle. Depending on the exhaust manifold geometry and orientation, the heat transfer in the manifold causes a difference in the temperature of the re-inducted product gas across the cylinders. The results show that a subtle difference in the re-inducted exhaust gas temperature results in a dramatic variation in combustion timing (approx. 3 degrees). This model provides a basis for understanding the steady state behavior and also for developing control strategies for multi-cylinder HCCI engines. The paper presents exhaust valve timing induced compression ratio modulation (via flexible valve actuation) as one of the approaches to mitigate the imbalance in combustion timing across cylinders.

scholarly journals Review of Advancement in Variable Valve Actuation of Internal Combustion Engines

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Lou ◽  
Guoming Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Mechatronic Systems ◽  
Variable Valve Actuation ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Electro Magnetic ◽  
Variable Valve ◽  
Valve Actuation

The increasing concerns of air pollution and energy usage led to the electrification of the vehicle powertrain system in recent years. On the other hand, internal combustion engines were the dominant vehicle power source for more than a century, and they will continue to be used in most vehicles for decades to come; thus, it is necessary to employ advanced technologies to replace traditional mechanical systems with mechatronic systems to meet the ever-increasing demand of continuously improving engine efficiency with reduced emissions, where engine intake and the exhaust valve system represent key subsystems that affect the engine combustion efficiency and emissions. This paper reviews variable engine valve systems, including hydraulic and electrical variable valve timing systems, hydraulic multistep lift systems, continuously variable lift and timing valve systems, lost-motion systems, and electro-magnetic, electro-hydraulic, and electro-pneumatic variable valve actuation systems.

scholarly journals Variable valve actuation–based combustion control strategies for efficiency improvement and emissions control in a heavy-duty diesel engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 578-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Guan ◽  
Vinícius B Pedrozo ◽  
Hua Zhao ◽  
Zhibo Ban ◽  
Tiejian Lin
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Effective Pressure ◽  
Miller Cycle ◽  
Variable Valve Actuation ◽  
Indicated Mean Effective Pressure ◽  
Variable Valve ◽  
Gas Recirculation ◽  
Valve Actuation

High nitrogen oxide levels of the conventional diesel engine combustion often requires the introduction of exhaust gas recirculation at high engine loads. This can adversely affect the smoke emissions and fuel conversion efficiency associated with a reduction of the in-cylinder air-fuel ratio (lambda). In addition, low exhaust gas temperatures at low engine loads reduce the effectiveness of aftertreatment systems necessary to meet stringent emissions regulations. These are some of the main issues encountered by current heady-duty diesel engines. In this work, variable valve actuation–based advanced combustion control strategies have been researched as means of improving upon the engine exhaust temperature, emissions, and efficiency. Experimental analysis was carried out on a single-cylinder heady-duty diesel engine equipped with a high-pressure common-rail fuel injection system, a high-pressure loop cooled exhaust gas recirculation, and a variable valve actuation system. The variable valve actuation system enables a late intake valve closing and a second intake valve opening during the exhaust stroke. The results showed that Miller cycle was an effective technology for exhaust temperature management of low engine load operations, increasing the exhaust gas temperature by 40 °C and 75 °C when running engine at 2.2 and 6 bar net indicated mean effective pressure, respectively. However, Miller cycle adversely effected carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbon emissions at a light load of 2.2 bar indicated mean effective pressure. This could be overcome when combining Miller cycle with a second intake valve opening strategy due to the formation of a relatively hotter in-cylinder charge induced by the presence of internal exhaust gas recirculation. This strategy also led to a significant reduction in soot emissions by 82% when compared with the baseline engine operation. Alternatively, the use of external exhaust gas recirculation and post injection on a Miller cycle operation decreased high nitrogen oxide emissions by 67% at a part load of 6 bar indicated mean effective pressure. This contributed to a reduction of 2.2% in the total fluid consumption, which takes into account the urea consumption in aftertreatment system. At a high engine load of 17 bar indicated mean effective pressure, a highly boosted Miller cycle strategy with exhaust gas recirculation increased the fuel conversion efficiency by 1.5% while reducing the total fluid consumption by 5.4%. The overall results demonstrated that advanced variable valve actuation–based combustion control strategies can control the exhaust gas temperature and engine-out emissions at low engine loads as well as improve upon the fuel conversion efficiency and total fluid consumption at high engine loads, potentially reducing the engine operational costs.

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