Tubesheet Heat Exchangers: New Common Design Rules in UPV, CODAP, and ASME

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Osweiller
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
General Context ◽  
Design Rules ◽  
Analytical Basis ◽  
Section Viii

French CODAP rules devoted to tubesheet heat exchangers were adopted in the 1990s, for the European Unfired Pressure Vessel Standard (UPV). ASME Section VIII—Div. 1 rules issued in July 1998 are based on a similar approach. At the initiative of the author, who is a member of CODAP, UPV, and ASME respective Committees on Heat Exchangers, it has been decided to make the tubesheet design rules of these three codes as consistent as possible. This paper presents the various aspects of this harmonization that covers both the theoretical basis of the rules and the editorial aspect (use of common notations, common tubesheet configurations, common terminology, etc). The main analytical basis of these rules, and their differences are explained. Numerical benchmark calculations, performed on real heat exchangers, outline the significant improvements due to the consistency, with a comparison to current TEMA rules. Use of these common rules in the coming years, both in US and Europe, is discussed in the general context of globalization of the market. [S0094-9930(00)01003-9]

Basis of the Tubesheet Heat Exchanger Design Rules Used in the French Pressure Vessel Code

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Osweiller
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Tube Bundle ◽  
Outer Edge ◽  
Design Rules ◽  
Effective Elastic Constants ◽  
Heat Exchanger Design ◽  
Solid Plate ◽  
Main Basis

For about 40 years most tubesheet exchangers have been designed according to the standards of TEMA. Partly due to their simplicity, these rules do not assure a safe heat-exchanger design in all cases. This is the main reason why new tubesheet design rules were developed in 1981 in France for the French pressure vessel code CODAP. For fixed tubesheet heat exchangers, the new rules account for the “elastic rotational restraint” of the shell and channel at the outer edge of the tubesheet, as proposed in 1959 by Galletly. For floating-head and U-tube heat exchangers, the approach developed by Gardner in 1969 was selected with some modifications. In both cases, the tubesheet is replaced by an equivalent solid plate with adequate effective elastic constants, and the tube bundle is simulated by an elastic foundation. The elastic restraint at the edge of the tubesheet due the shell and channel is accounted for in different ways in the two types of heat exchangers. The purpose of the paper is to present the main basis of these rules and to compare them to TEMA rules.

New Common Design Rules for U-Tube Heat Exchangers in ASME, CODAP and UPV Codes

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Osweiller
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Design Rule ◽  
Technical Approach ◽  
Design Rules ◽  
Asme Code ◽  
European Code ◽  
Section Viii ◽  
Technical Basis ◽  
Year 2000

In year 2000, ASME Code (Section VIII – Div. 1), CODAP (French Code) and UPV (European Code for Unfired Pressure Vessels) have adopted the same rules for the design of U-tube tubesheet heat exchangers. Three different rules are proposed, based on different technical basis, to cover: • Tubesheet gasketed with shell and channel. • Tubesheet integral with shell and channel. • Tubesheet integral with shell and gasketed with channel or the reverse. At the initiative of the author, a more refined technical approach has been developed, to cover all tubesheet configurations. The paper explains the rationale for this new design rule which is being incorporated in ASME, CODAP and UPV in 2002. This is substantiated with comparisons to TEMA Standards and a benchmark of numerical comparisons.

Alternate Design Charts for Fixed Tubesheet Design Procedure Included in ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kuppan
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Design Parameter ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Tabular Form ◽  
Design Charts ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Section Viii ◽  
Shell And Tube ◽  
Design Calculations

Design formulas and calculation procedure for the design of fixed tubesheets of shell and tube heat exchangers are included in Appendix AA—Nonmandatory of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1. To minimize the number of calculations, charts are provided as part of the design procedure. This article provides alternate charts for certain parameters and the original version of the charts are extended for larger values of tubesheet design parameter. Numerical values are given in tabular form for certain functions used in plotting the design charts. This will help to do design calculations without referring to the charts.

U-Tube Heat-Exchangers: New Common Design Rules for ASME, CODAP, and EN 13445 CODES

2005 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
F. Osweiller
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
European Standard ◽  
Technical Approach ◽  
Design Rules ◽  
Asme Code ◽  
Section Viii ◽  
Technical Basis ◽  
Year 2000

In the year 2000, ASME Code Section VIII—Div. 1, CODAP (French Code) and EN 13445 (European Standard for Unfired Pressure Vessels) have adopted the same rules for the design of U-tube tubesheet heat exchangers. Three different rules were proposed, based on a different technical basis, to cover: —Tubesheet gasketed with shell and channel; —Tubesheet integral with shell and channel; —Tubesheet integral with shell and gasketed with channel or the reverse. At the initiative of the author, a more refined and uniform technical approach has been developed, to cover all tubesheet configurations. The paper explains the rationale for this new design method which has been incorporated recently in ASME, CODAP, and EN 13445. This is substantiated with comparisons to TEMA Standards and a benchmark of numerical comparisons

Proposed External Pressure Design Rules for Pressure Vessels for Human Occupancy

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-229
Author(s):  
J. R. Maison ◽  
E. M. Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Design Rules ◽  
Mathematical Development ◽  
Work Systems ◽  
Safety Code ◽  
Section Viii

The safety of externally pressurized manned diving bells, submersibles and underwater work systems resides in the ability of the system to rise to the surface in case of an emergency. Use of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII design rules, lead to unacceptably heavy structures, and thus substantially compromise the sought-for safety in underwater manned systems. A recognition on the part of the diving industry of the inherent limitations in using the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code for design of underwater pressure vessels, motivated the formation of the ASME Safety Code Committee on Pressure Vessels for Human Occupancy (PVHO) in 1974. A subcommittee of the PVHO Safety Code Committee was formed to address the specific problems of external pressure vessel design. The mathematical development which provided the basis for the proposed rules are presented. The restrictions imposed by the External Pressure Subcommittee are also presented.

Development of Design Rules for Three-Segment Pipe Clamp Connectors

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
David O. Bankston ◽  
Hsin Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Parametric Design ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Design Rule ◽  
Design Rules ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Washington State University ◽  
Rule Set ◽  
Section Viii ◽  
Rule Based Approach

The design rules for clamped connections in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (Section VIII, Div. I, Appendix 24) were developed for two-segment clamp connectors and must be modified to accommodate alternative clamp configurations. Developing a simplified rule-based model for predicting three-segment pipe clamp connectors (3-PCC)connector pressure capacities will greatly simplify the evaluation of 3-PCC connectors. The first goal of this paper is to develop a general parametric design rule set for multiple-clamp-segment pipe by expanding upon the published requirements of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code for two-segment pipe clamp connectors and pipe flanges using basic principles. The next goal is to apply the design rule set to a typical 3-PCC design and to summarize the rules. The results of this paper provide a parametric rule-based approach to evaluating the pressure capacity of a 3-PCC. This paper has been developed in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master’s Degree Program at Washington State University. This work is performed in support of the US Department of Energy, under contract to Bechtel National Inc., # DE-AC27-01RV14136.

Probability of Initial Failure for Spring Operated Relief Valves

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia V. Bukowski ◽  
Robert E. Gross ◽  
William M. Goble
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mode ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Material Composition ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Initial Failure ◽  
Safety Integrity Level ◽  
Average Probability ◽  
Section Viii

We present clear and convincing evidence that, for new spring operated relief valves (SORV) that are not proof tested by the user shortly before installation, there is a non-trivial probability that the SORV will be installed in the fail-to-open (stuck shut) failure mode. Using the results of over 4800 new ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII SORV proof tests, we estimate the probability of initial failure (PIF) due to manufacturer/assembly anomalies, as well as PIF due to in-storage aging of SORV based on their material composition. We indicate how PIF can be reduced by various preinstallation activities that may be undertaken by the user. We show how to compute values of PIF to be used in calculating the average probability of fail danger (PFDavg) (as required by IEC61508 and similar safety standards in order to determine a safety integrity level (SIL)) which accounts for both the SORV material composition and the pre-installation activities undertaken. For four typical SORV of different material compositions we show how pre-installation activities influence the achievable SIL. We discuss the implication of these findings for estimating PIF for used (previously installed) SORV. We close with recommendations to further address PIF.

scholarly journals Technical Basis for Master Curve for Fatigue Crack Growth of Ferritic Steels in High-Pressure Gaseous Hydrogen in ASME Section VIII-3 Code

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris San Marchi ◽  
Joseph Ronevich ◽  
Paolo Bortot ◽  
Yoru Wada ◽  
John Felbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Fatigue Crack Growth ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Master Curve ◽  
Gaseous Hydrogen ◽  
Section Viii ◽  
Crack Growth Rates

Abstract The design of pressure vessels for high-pressure gaseous hydrogen service per ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII Division 3 requires measurement of fatigue crack growth rates in situ in gaseous hydrogen at the design pressure. These measurements are challenging and only a few laboratories in the world are equipped to make these measurements, especially in gaseous hydrogen at pressure in excess of 100 MPa. However, sufficient data is now available to show that common pressure vessel steels (e.g., SA-372 and SA-723) show similar fatigue crack growth rates when the maximum applied stress intensity factor is significantly less than the elastic-plastic fracture toughness. Indeed, the measured rates are sufficiently consistent that a master curve for fatigue crack growth in gaseous hydrogen can be established for steels with tensile strength less than 915 MPa. In this overview, published reports of fatigue crack growth rate data in gaseous hydrogen are reviewed. These data are used to formulate a two-part master curve for fatigue crack growth in high-pressure (106 MPa) gaseous hydrogen, following the classic power-law formulation for fatigue crack growth and a term that accounts for the loading ratio (R). The bounds on applicability of the master curve are discussed, including the relationship between hydrogen-assisted fracture and tensile strength of these steels. These data have been used in developing ASME VIII-3 Code Case 2938. Additionally, a phenomenological term for pressure can be added to the master curve and it is shown that the same master curve formulation captures the behavior of pressure vessel and pipeline steels at significantly lower pressure.

Design & Analysis of Steam Drum Based on ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII Div.2 & Div.3

2016 ◽  
Vol 852 ◽  
pp. 511-517
Author(s):  
Vishal Payghan ◽  
Dattatray N. Jadhav ◽  
Girish Y. Savant ◽  
Sagar Bharadwaj
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Plastic Collapse ◽  
Finite Element Stress Analysis ◽  
Process Plant ◽  
Section Viii ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Steam Drum

Process plant industries have equipment working on high pressure and high temperature environments. The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII provides rules for construction of the pressure vessel. The purpose of this paper is to have comparative study for design and analysis of steam drum using ASME Section VIII Div. 2 and Div. 3. Steam drum is a part of boiler system and works at high pressure and high temperature. Normally, Steam drum design is based on ASME Section VIII Div. 2, Part 4, design by rule and Part 5, design by analysis; which has been carried out in the present study. In this paper, design of the same equipment is studied using Part KD, Design requirements of ASME Section VIII Div. 3 with similar design parameters. Finite Element Stress Analysis of both design has been done as per code requirements to check the plastic collapse. In this study, it is observed that there is reduction in the required thickness for design based on Div. 3. Finally, the reduced required thickness leads to considerable weight reduction of the equipment and thus increased competitiveness.

Applicability of Design Rules for Openings in Shells, ASME B&PV Code, Section VIII, Division 2 - A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurumurthy Kagita ◽  
Krishnakant V. Pudipeddi ◽  
Subramanyam V. R. Sripada
Keyword(s):  
Stress Analysis ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Design Rules ◽  
Area Method ◽  
Replacement Method ◽  
Local Stresses ◽  
Pressure Area ◽  
Section Viii ◽  
Division 2

Abstract The Pressure-Area method is recently introduced in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel (B&PV) Code, Section VIII, Division 2 to reduce the excessive conservatism of the traditional area-replacement method. The Pressure-Area method is based on ensuring that the resistive internal force provided by the material is greater than or equal to the reactive load from the applied internal pressure. A comparative study is undertaken to study the applicability of design rules for certain nozzles in shells using finite element analysis (FEA). From the results of linear elastic FEA, it is found that in some cases the local stresses at the nozzle to shell junctions exceed the allowable stress limits even though the code requirements of Pressure-Area method are met. It is also found that there is reduction in local stresses when the requirement of nozzle to shell thickness ratio is maintained as per EN 13445 Part 3. The study also suggests that the reinforcement of nozzles satisfy the requirements of elastic-plastic stress analysis procedures even though it fails to satisfy the requirements of elastic stress analysis procedures. However, the reinforcement should be chosen judiciously to reduce the local stresses at the nozzle to shell junction and to satisfy other governing failure modes such as fatigue.

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