A Mathematical Transform to Analyze Part Surface Quality in Manufacturing

1999 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irem Y. Tumer ◽  
Kristin L. Wood ◽  
Ilene J. Busch-Vishniac
Keyword(s):  
Surface Quality ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Manufacturing System ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Potential Utility ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Accurate Design ◽  
The Status ◽  
Part Surface ◽  
Manufacturing Parameters

The status of fault patterns on part surfaces can provide valuable information about the condition of a manufacturing system. Accurate detection of the part surface condition in manufacturing ensures the fault-free manufacturing of high-quality parts, as well as helping in the accurate design/redesign of machine components and manufacturing parameters. To address this problem, we introduce an alternative mathematical transform that has the potential to detect faults in manufacturing machines by decomposing signals into individual components. Specifically, the paper focuses on the decomposition of numerically generated data using the Karhunen-Loe`ve transform to study a variety of signals from manufacturing. The potential utility of the proposed technique is then discussed in the context of understanding a manufacturing process under constant development. [S1087-1357(00)01801-3]

Improving Manufacturing Precision Using the Karhunen-Loève Transform

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irem Y. Tumer ◽  
Kristin L. Wood ◽  
Ilene J. Busch-Vishniac
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing System ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Fault Detection And Diagnosis ◽  
Complex Signals ◽  
Automated Production ◽  
The Status ◽  
Part Surface ◽  
Detection And Diagnosis ◽  
Karhunen Loeve Transform ◽  
Manufacturing Parameters

Abstract The status of fault patterns on part surfaces can provide valuable information about the condition of the manufacturing system. In this work, we aim to develop a reliable fault detection and diagnosis tool in order to assure the automated production of high-quality parts. Such a tool provides a means of integrating the manufacturing and design phases. Accurate detection of the part surface condition in manufacturing ensures the fault-free design of the manufacturing parameters and machine components. This paper introduces a mathematical transform that has the potential to detect faults in manufacturing machines. Specifically, the paper focuses on the decomposition of complex signals to allow the detection of faults. The Karhunen-Loève transform is investigated by means of numerically-generated signals. Numerical signals are studied to decompose a variety of signals, including deterministic, stochastic, stationary, and nonstationary signals. Finally, the potential utility of the proposed technique is discussed in the context of a newly-maturing manufacturing process.

scholarly journals Lyell, the Geikies and Croll's observations on terrestrial glacial sediments and landforms

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
James ROSE
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Glacial Sediments ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Social And Physical Environment ◽  
Glacial Landforms

ABSTRACT Within the context of the work and achievements of James Croll, this paper reviews the records of direct observations of glacial landforms and sediments made by Charles Lyell, Archibald and James Geikie and James Croll himself, in order to evaluate their contributions to the sciences of glacial geology and Quaternary environmental change. The paper outlines the social and physical environment of Croll's youth and contrasts this with the status and experiences of Lyell and the Geikies. It also outlines the character and role of the ‘Glasgow School’ of geologists, who stimulated Croll's interest into the causes of climate change and directed his focus to the glacial and ‘interglacial’ deposits of central Scotland. Contributions are outlined in chronological order, drawing attention to: (i) Lyell's high-quality observations and interpretations of glacial features in Glen Clova and Strathmore and his subsequent rejection of the glacial theory in favour of processes attributed to floating icebergs; (ii) the significant impact of Archibald Geikie's 1863 paper on the ‘glacial drift of Scotland’, which firmly established the land-ice theory; (iii) the fact that, despite James Croll's inherent dislike of geology and fieldwork, he provided high-quality descriptions and interpretations of the landforms and sediments of central Scotland in order to test his theory of climate change; and (iv) the great communication skills of James Geikie, enhanced by contacts and evidence from around the world. It is concluded that whilst direct observations of glacial landforms and sediments were critical to the long-term development of the study of glaciation, the acceptance of this theory was dependent also upon the skills, personality and status of the Geikies and Croll, who developed and promoted the concepts. Sadly, the subsequent rejection of the land-ice concept by Lyell resulted in the same factors challenging the acceptance of the glacial theory.

scholarly journals Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Urothelial Carcinoma: Recommendations for Practical Approaches to PD-L1 and Other Potential Predictive Biomarker Testing

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1424
Author(s):  
Antonio Lopez-Beltran ◽  
Fernando López-Rios ◽  
Rodolfo Montironi ◽  
Sophie Wildsmith ◽  
Markus Eckstein
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Predictive Biomarker ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Status ◽  
Biomarker Testing ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Scoring Algorithms

Immuno-oncology (IO) agents (anti–programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and anti–programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)) are approved as first- and second-line treatments for metastatic UC. PD-L1 expression levels in UC tumors help clinicians determine which patients are more likely to respond to IO therapies. Assays for approved IO agents use different antibodies, immunohistochemical protocols, cutoffs (defining “high” vs. “low” PD-L1 expression), and scoring algorithms. The robust control of pre-analytical and analytical standards is needed to obtain high-quality PD-L1 results. To better understand the status and perspectives of biomarker-guided patient selection for anti–PD-1 and anti–PD-L1 agents in UC, three workshops were held from December 2018 to December 2019 in Italy, Malaysia, and Spain. The primary goal was to develop recommendations for best practice approaches to PD-L1 testing in UC. Recommendations pertaining to the interpretation and reporting of the results of PD-L1 assays from experienced pathologists and oncologists from around the globe are included. A test request form for pathology laboratories was developed as a critical first step for oncologists/urologists to encourage communication between clinicians and pathologists, ensuring fast and high-quality test results. In this era of personalized medicine, we briefly discuss novel biomarkers being evaluated for IO agents in UC.

The Current Status of Hearing Care: Can We Change the Status Quo?

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (07) ◽  
pp. 410-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Van Vliet
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Current Status ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Scientific Database ◽  
The Status

The members of the profession of audiology often express concern that the services and products that have been developed to provide benefit to the hearing impaired are not sought after or delivered to the majority of those diagnosed with hearing loss. A critical look at the status quo of hearing care delivery in the United States is needed to verify this assumption and to develop strategies to improve the situation. A key concern is the lack of a comprehensive high-quality scientific database upon which to build continuous improvements in the effectiveness of the services and products that are provided to the hearing impaired.

LASER-ELECTRON PHOTON PROJECT AT SPRING-8

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (02n06) ◽  
pp. 208-214
Author(s):  
◽  
T. NAKANO
Keyword(s):  
Compton Scattering ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Photon Beam ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Hadron Physics ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
The Status ◽  
Electron Photon ◽  
New Facility

The GeV photon beam at SPring-8 is produced by backward-Compton scattering of laser photons from 8 GeV electrons. Polarization of the photon beam will be ~100% at the maximum energy with fully polarized laser photons. We report the status of the new facility and the prospect of hadron physics study with this high quality beam. Preliminary results from the first physics run are presented.

SURFACE ROUGHNESS IMPROVEMENT OF PARTS MADE OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS OBTAINED BY MEANS OF ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (7) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Mikhail Kulikov ◽  
Maksim Larionov ◽  
Denis Gusev ◽  
Evgeniy Shevchuk
Keyword(s):  
Surface Quality ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Additive Technologies ◽  
Abrasive Tool ◽  
Technological Basis ◽  
Dry Processing ◽  
Investigation Methods ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Part Surface ◽  
Surface Layer Quality

In the paper there is under consideration an effort to achieve the roughness index of Ra <0.8 with the aid of soft abrasive tool use. As a result the purpose of this work became development of the technology for surface quality improvement of parts manufactured with the aid of additive technologies. The authors carried out a number of experiments with the samples manufactured with the aid of the method of FDM print. With the aid of 3D Ultra 3 printer of EnvisionTec company. The samples were made of ABS-plastic in the amount of 6 pieces. On each sample there were defects after printing which contributed to the deterioration of surface quality in products. By means of TR220 profilometer there was measured roughness before and after the experiment. There was carried out dry processing and with the use of SCL. As a result, dry processing resulted in worsening surface quality, heavy wear of an abrasive tool and grain contamination. Analyzing the data obtained from the profilometer in the experiment and SCL use a considerable improvement of the surface layer quality at minimum allowance is observed. Investigation methods: in the work basis there are experimental methods of investigation. The investigations are carried out with the use of a microscope and profilometer. Processing investigation results was carried out as a result of the comparison of the measuring data obtained. Work Novelty: there are defined conditions of soft abrasive tool operation and SCL impact upon Ra indices. The results obtained indicate a possibility of Ra improvement on a part surface which is achieved due to a combined shaping with the aid of additive technologies and further machining carried out on a single technological basis. The experience without SCL use has shown the overheating possibility the result of which is a meltback and plastic sticking both on the surface, and on abrasive grains of the cutter which is inadmissible and results in considerable worsening of Ra on the surface machined and cutter wear. In view of this the SCL use in finishing is promising, but to achieve better results SCL chemistry must be improved.

Design for Product Variety: Key to Product Line Structuring

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosuke Ishii ◽  
Cheryl Juengel ◽  
C. Fritz Eubanks
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Manufacturing System ◽  
Product Variety ◽  
Product Line ◽  
Customer Preference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Structure Graph

Abstract This study develops a method to capture the broadest customer preference in a product line while minimizing the life-cycle cost of providing variety. The paper begins with an overview of product variety and its importance in overhead costs: supply chain, equipment and tooling, service, and recycling. After defining the product structure graph as a representation of variety, the paper introduces an approximate measure for the customer importance and life-cycle cost of product variety The cost measure utilizes the concept of late point identification which urges standardization early in the manufacturing process and differentiation at the end of the process. The variety importance-cost map allows engineers to identify cost drivers in the design of the product or the manufacturing system and seek improvements. The refrigerator door example illustrates the concept. On-going work seeks to validate and enhance the method with several companies from different industries.

scholarly journals Fatigue Behavior of Non-Optimized Laser-Cut Medical Grade Ti-6Al-4V-ELI Sheets and the Effects of Mechanical Post-Processing

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 843 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Reck ◽  
André Till Zeuner ◽  
Martina Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Surface Quality ◽  
Laser Cutting ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Fatigue Cracks ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Mechanical Polishing ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Post Processing

The study presented investigates the fatigue strength of the (α+β) Ti-6Al-4V-ELI titanium alloy processed by laser cutting with and without mechanical post-processing. The surface quality and possible notch effects as a consequence of non-optimized intermediate cutting parameters are characterized and evaluated. The microstructural changes in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) are documented in detail and compared to samples with a mechanically post-processed (barrel grinding, mechanical polishing) surface condition. The obtained results show a significant increase (≈50%) in fatigue strength due to mechanical post-processing correlating with decreased surface roughness and minimized notch effects when compared to the surface quality of the non-optimized laser cutting. The martensitic α’-phase is detected in the HAZ with the formation of distinctive zones compared to the initial equiaxial α+β microstructure. The HAZ could be removed up to 50% by means of barrel grinding and up to 100% through mechanical polishing. A fracture analysis revealed that the fatigue cracks always initiate on the laser-cut edges in the as-cut surface condition, which could be assigned to an irregular macro and micro-notch relief. However, the typical characteristics of the non-optimized laser cutting process (melting drops and significant higher surface roughness) lead to early fatigue failure. The fatigue cracks solely started from the micro-notches of the surface relief and not from the dross. As a consequence, the fatigue properties are dominated by these notches, which lead to significant scatter, as well as decreased fatigue strength compared to the surface conditions with mechanical finishing and better surface quality. With optimized laser-cutting conditions, HAZ will be minimized, and surface roughness strongly decreased, which will lead to significantly improved fatigue strength.

Production of Metal Matrix Composite Using a Bottom Tapping Stir Casting Furnace

2015 ◽  
Vol 772 ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramanathan Arunachalam ◽  
Majid Al-Maharbi ◽  
Yahya Al Kiyumi ◽  
Elyas Aal-Thani ◽  
Mohammed Al Mafraji
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Stir Casting ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Reinforcement Material ◽  
Low Cost Manufacturing

Metal matrix composites (MMC's) have attracted the attention of researchers for quite some time. In the last 15 years, many studies have been reported in this field of MMC production through various routes. The most commonly used process for producing MMC is stir casting process whereby the reinforcement material is incorporated into the molten metal by stirring. It is a relatively low cost manufacturing process that is capable of producing high quality MMC. However, the process is associated with issues such as attaining uniform distribution of particles, wettability between particles and porosity in the MMCs. Because of these challenges, there has been continuous improvement in the process as well as the design of the furnace. In this research, an innovatively designed bottom tapping furnace has been used to produce the MMCs and the produced sample is characterized.

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