Developments of Subsea Pipeline Technology for Norwegian Waters

1999 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sverre Lund
Keyword(s):  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Subsea Pipeline ◽  
Deep Waters ◽  
Mapping Technology ◽  
Efficiency Cost ◽  
Large Water ◽  
Operational Issues ◽  
Subsea Pipelines

Norwegian waters have been a main arena for development of subsea pipeline technology over the last 25 yr. The gas transportation systems from Norway to continental Europe comprise the largest and longest subsea pipelines in the world. The challenges of pipeline projects in and from Norwegian waters include large water depths, large diameters, long distances, uneven seabed, rocky landfalls, and hostile environmental conditions, all within strict requirements for safety, regularity, cost efficiency, and environmental impact. This paper provides an overview of the technology developments performed in this period, initially focusing on ability to cross the deep waters of the Norwegian trench by large-diameter pipelines, then on subsea design aspects such as stability, free span design, and mapping technology, and in recent years also on improvements in transportation efficiency, cost reductions, and operational issues. The paper is based on a Plenary Lecture presented at the 1998 OMAE Conference in Lisbon, Portugal. [S0892-7219(00)00601-4]

Case Studies Highlighting Rapid Repair Methods of Pressurised Pipelines Damaged by Anchors

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Millward
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Subsea Pipeline ◽  
Damage Scenarios ◽  
Fail Safe ◽  
Subsea Pipelines ◽  
Marine Vessels ◽  
Pipeline Design

Effective pipeline design and regular maintenance can assist in prolonging the lifespan of subsea pipelines, however the presence of marine vessels can significantly increase the risk of pipeline damage from anchor hazards. As noted in the Health and Safety Executive – Guideline for Pipeline Operators on Pipeline Anchor Hazards 2009. “Anchor hazards can pose a significant threat to pipeline integrity. The consequences of damage to a pipeline could include loss of life, injury, fire, explosion, loss of buoyancy around a vessel and major pollution”. This paper will describe state of the art pipeline isolation tooling that enables safe modification of pressurised subsea pipelines. Double Block and Bleed (DBB) isolation tools have been utilised to greatly reduce downtime, increase safety and maximise unplanned maintenance, providing cost-effective solutions to the end user. High integrity isolation methods, in compliance with international subsea system intervention and isolation guidelines (IMCA D 044 / IMCA D 006), that enable piggable and unpiggable pipeline systems to be isolated before any breaking of containment, will also be explained. This paper will discuss subsea pipeline damage scenarios and repair options available to ensure a safe isolation of the pipeline and contents in the event of an incident DNV GL type approved isolation technology enables the installation of a fail-safe, DBB isolation in the event of a midline defect. The paper will conclude with case studies highlighting challenging subsea pipeline repair scenarios successfully executed, without depressurising the entire pipeline system, and in some cases without shutting down or interrupting production.

scholarly journals Analysis of Governance and Efficiency on Zakat Distribution: Evidence From Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Novendi Arkham Mubtadi ◽  
Dewi Susilowati
Keyword(s):  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Board Size ◽  
Time Efficiency ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Efficiency Cost

This study analysesand identifies the governance factor(s) that influence zakat disbursement efficiency for Indonesia’s National Zakat Board (BAZNAS)in four district of Central Java Province, namely Banyumas, Purbalingga, Banjarnegara, and Kebumen. This research examines how the zakat institution in Indonesia has improved in terms of disbursement activities over the past 5 years (2011-2015).This is a quantitative research study that uses two approaches of efficiency analysis, namely (i) zakat disbursement efficiency measurement (ratio analysis) and (ii) identification of governance factor(s) that influence the zakat disbursement efficiency of the zakat institutions (regression analysis). Eviews 9 was used in data calculation. In the first approach, there are three efficiency measures: disbursement efficiency, cost efficiency and time efficiency. In the second approach, governance factors (board size; professionals on board; and frequency of board meetings) identify the influence of governance factors on zakat disbursement efficiency measures. The findings showthat there is a negative influence between board size and cost efficiency and no influence with disbursement and time efficiency. However, the relationshipbetween board size and disbursement and time efficiency is rejected because of insignificant results. Professionals on boards has a positive influence on disbursement, cost and time efficiency. Lastly, the frequency of board meetings positively influences disbursement efficiency and time efficiency. Frequency of board meetings showed a negative influence with cost efficiency. This research is significant as it could contribute to future discussions on the potential ways to improve zakat governance and efficiency in Indonesia. The outcomes from the discussions will be useful as a guide for policymakers looking to improve the zakat institution’s governance system.   Keywords:Efficiency, Governance, Indonesia, Zakat

Advantages of Using a Time-Domain Approach for Dynamic Positioning (DP) Pipelay Studies

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evren Armaoğlu ◽  
Paolo Monti
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Power Generators ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Critical Areas ◽  
Deep Waters ◽  
Slow Drift

Normally, the DP capability of a vessel is calculated through the use of static force equilibrium programs in which the dynamic effects are either not taken into account or taken into account by empirical load amplification factors. However, competitive and safe S-laying of large diameter pipelines in deep waters lead to large and long pipe lay vessels for which DP requirements are demanding. The power/propulsion requirement of the vessel needs to be considered from an early stage especially when accounting for the pipe laying equipment demands. This imposes a need for detailed dynamic analysis of the lay vessel. This analysis needs to include the slow drift oscillations counteracted by DP and the analysis in entirety needs to ensure the pipe string integrity is maintained. To this purpose Saipem developed in-house a time-domain simulator (FIPLA – Fully Integrated Pipe LAying) that employs all environmental forces (i.e. wind, wave, current) as well as the pipe tension on the vessel. It is used to assess the DP performances and laying capabilities of pipe lay vessels in harsh dynamic environments as well as critical areas for operations. The software can also be used to assess the performance of the vessel in case of failure of thrusters, power generators or bus bars, study DP Control System improvements, and assess the interaction between vessel, tensioner and pipe in deep and shallow waters. This paper focuses on the advantages of using dynamic simulations as an enhancement to the static DP capability charts, to produce detailed information for the DP Operator (DPO) in terms of setting of the DP parameters and to analyze critical laying events. This information can be used together with the weather forecast and can help getting the best performance out of the DP system in harsh environments, reducing downtime, improving operability and ensuring a safe operation.

SAWL 485 for 48” Offshore Application in Thickness up to 41 mm

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Schwinn ◽  
Alexander Parunov ◽  
Ju¨rgen Bauer ◽  
Pavel Stepanov
Keyword(s):  
Large Diameter ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Thick Wall ◽  
Diameter Pipe ◽  
Manufacturing Procedure ◽  
Pipeline Project ◽  
Qualification Testing ◽  
Nord Stream ◽  
Large Diameter Pipes ◽  
Subsea Pipelines

Vyksa Steel Works (VSW), part of United Metallurgical Company (OMK), has manufactured a trial batch of large diameter pipes for subsea pipelines in accordance with the DNV-OS-F101 standard and the specification of the Nord Stream project. The plates were produced by Dillinger Hu¨tte (DH). The batch included 1,220 mm (48″) diameter pipes of steel grade SAWL 485 (X70) with a wall thickness of 33 mm and 36 mm. All the requirements were met and OMK/VSW became Russia’s and the CIS’s first qualified producer of subsea pipes in accordance with DNV-OS-F101. In order to meet these high-class property requirements for thick wall pipes a successful development program was performed. The development program is outlined and the test results are explained. As a further consequence of the successful qualification work VSW became one of the two suppliers for the world’s largest and first 48″ diameter pipe subsea pipeline project (Nord Stream). Pipes will be supplied for the most sophisticated segment with wall thicknesses of 30.9 mm, 34.6 mm and even 41.0 mm. Results of manufacturing procedure qualification testing (MPQT) and start of production are presented.

Machine Learning for Subsea Pipeline Reeling Mechanics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Giry ◽  
Vincent Cocault-Duverger ◽  
Martin Pauthenet ◽  
Laurent Chec
Keyword(s):  
Design Of Experiments ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Local Buckling ◽  
Statistical Regression ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Excessive Strain ◽  
Weld Area ◽  
Subsea Pipelines ◽  
Pipeline Design

Abstract Installation of subsea pipelines using reeling process is an attractive method. The pipeline is welded in long segments, typically several kilometers in length, and reeled onto a large diameter drum. The pipeline is then transported onto such reel to the offshore site where it is unreeled and lowered on the seabed. The deformation imposed on the pipeline while spooled onto the drum needs to be controlled so that local buckling is avoided. Mitigation of such failure is generally provided by proper pipeline design & reeling operation parameters. Buckling stems from excessive strain concentration near the circumferential weld area resulting from strength discontinuity at pipeline joints, mainly depending on steel wall thickness and yield strength. This requires the characterization of critical mismatches obtained by trial and error. Such method is a long process since each “trial” requires a complete Finite Element Analysis run. Such simulations are complex and lengthy. Occasionally, this can drive the selection of the pipeline minimum wall thickness, which is a key parameter for progressing the project. The timeframe of such method is therefore not compatible with such a key decision. The paper discusses the use of approximation models to capitalize on the data and alleviate the design cost. To do so, design of experiments and automation of the computational tool chain are implemented. It is demonstrated that initial complex chain of FEA computational process can be replaced using design space description and exploration techniques such as design of experiments combined with advanced statistical regression techniques in order to provide an approximation model. This paper presents the implementation of such methodology and the results are discussed.

scholarly journals Revealed Preference in a Discrete Consumption Space

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Polisson ◽  
John K.-H Quah
Keyword(s):  
Utility Function ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Revealed Preference ◽  
Efficiency Cost ◽  
Afriat’S Theorem ◽  
Continuous Quantities

We show that an agent maximizing some utility function on a discrete (as opposed to continuous) consumption space will obey the generalized axiom of revealed preference (GARP), so long as the agent obeys cost efficiency. Cost efficiency will hold if there is some good, outside the set of goods being studied by the modeler, that can be consumed by the agent in continuous quantities. An application of Afriat's Theorem then guarantees that there is a strictly increasing utility function on the discrete consumption space that rationalizes price and demand observations. (JEL D11)

Numerical simulation of the flow around a subsea pipeline with different protection methods

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-199
Author(s):  
Mohamed Saber ◽  
Khalid M Saqr ◽  
Amr A Hassan ◽  
Mohamed A Kotb
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Pressure Coefficient ◽  
Turbulence Models ◽  
Dynamics Model ◽  
Barrier Method ◽  
Double Barrier ◽  
Subsea Pipeline ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Subsea Pipelines

Hydrodynamic stress induced by marine currents subject subsea pipelines to failure vulnerability. Therefore, several methods have been established to protect such pipelines from hydrodynamic forces. The objective of this work is to investigate the performance of two different protection methods using computational fluid dynamics. A second-order accurate upwind finite volume computational fluid dynamics model was used to simulate isotropic turbulent flow around a subsea pipeline located on flat seabed. A comparison between four turbulence models revealed that both Menter’s shear stress transport k[Formula: see text] and the standard k[Formula: see text] models yield the best agreement with experimental measurements. Pipeline trenching and double-barrier protection methods were simulated with different geometrical characteristics. A comparison between those two methods was conducted and discussed. It is found that at small aspect ratios, the double-barrier method prevails over trenching in terms of its ability to isolate the pipe from the main current. While at large aspect ratio, trenching provides near-zero pressure coefficient along the pipe wall, which demonstrate its prevalence in protecting the pipeline.

scholarly journals Effect of the Flow of Large Water Droplets on the Water Mist Sprays

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
László Beda ◽  
Csaba Szikra
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Velocity Field ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Water Mist ◽  
Cfd Model ◽  
Water Droplets ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Dynamic Simulator ◽  
Fire Dynamic Simulator ◽  
Large Water

Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the velocity field generated by water droplets with relatively large diameter that has great effect on the movement of several orders of magnitude smaller particles. A CFD model, Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS) version 5.5.3 was used for the numerical simulation. The data obtained from the numerical studies are analysed.

scholarly journals The implementation of human resources information system and it’s benefit for organizations

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lieli Suharti ◽  
Priyanto Ratna Sulistyo
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Quality Of Information ◽  
Time Efficiency ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Human Resources Information System ◽  
Efficiency Cost ◽  
Using Data

The objective of this study is to examine the effect of the implementation of the Human Resources Information System (HRIS) on time efficiency, cost efficiency, quality of information, and managerial satisfaction. Using data of 80 respondents who are managers and staff working in HR department of companies in Central Java and Yogyakarta, we find that the implementation of HRIS affects time efficiency and managerial satisfaction. However, our study also find that the hypothesis concerning that the implementation of HRIS affects cost efficiency and quality of information is not supported.

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