1997 Soichiro Honda Lecture: Pathways to Achieving a New Generation of Engines for Personal Transportation

1999 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-354
Author(s):  
Gary L. Borman
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
First Century ◽  
World Population ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Engine Design ◽  
Personal Transportation ◽  
Safety Considerations ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Vehicle Size

As we move into the twenty-first century the spread of affluence to a greater portion of an ever growing world population, coupled with dwindling reserves of crude oil, will make it imperative that we simultaneously protect our environment and enhance the fuel efficiency of transportation vehicles. Although reduced vehicle weight is the major contributor to conservation, it is argued that safety considerations limit vehicle size reduction. The engine thus remains an important component in meeting the needs of the new century; it is the primary subject of this lecture. The lecture first specifies those areas of engine design which provide the best opportunities for changes that will meet the needs of fuel economy and reduced emissions at an affordable cost. The discussion then concentrates on defining the pathways to achieving such goals. In particular, the tools available to perform the needed studies are discussed. The lecture ends with a discussion of the types of programs and methods of technical interchange required to produce a new generation of engines. [S0742-4795(00)00202-7]

The Twenty-first Century

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
First Century ◽  
Bad News ◽  
Good News ◽  
Species Loss ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scientific Terms ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Open Question ◽  
New Generation

The cumulative environmental challenge of sustainable development in the twenty-first century is larger than anything humanity has ever had to deal with in the past. The good news is that solid progress is being reached in the understanding of issues in scientific terms and understanding what needs to be done. The bad news is twofold. First, although many of the environmental problems of earlier centuries are now being confronted, a new generation of difficulties is eclipsing what were the older difficulties. Secondly, much of the progress is being achieved by the wealthier parts of the planet, rather than the developing world. From population growth to climate change to unprecedented habitat and species loss, whether environmental sustainability can be achieved in the twenty-first century is an open question.

Human Rights and 21st Century Challenges

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
First Century ◽  
World Population ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Relative Share ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The World ◽  
Twenty First Century

The world faces significant and interrelated challenges in the twenty-first century which threaten human rights in a number of ways. This book examines the relationship between human rights and three of the largest challenges of the twenty-first century: conflict and security, environment, and poverty. Technological advances in fighting wars have led to the introduction of new weapons which threaten to transform the very nature of conflict. In addition, states confront threats to security which arise from a new set of international actors not clearly defined and which operate globally. Climate change, with its potentially catastrophic impacts, features a combination of characteristics which are novel for humanity. The problem is caused by the sum of innumerable individual actions across the globe and over time, and similarly involves risks that are geographically and temporally diffuse. In recent decades, the challenges involved in addressing global and national poverty have also changed. For example, the relative share of the poor in the world population has decreased significantly while the relative share of the poor who live in countries with significant domestic capacity has increased strongly. Overcoming these global and interlocking threats constitutes this century’s core political and moral task. This book examines how these challenges may be addressed using a human rights framework. It considers how these challenges threaten human rights and seeks to reassess our understanding of human rights in the light of these challenges. The analysis considers both foundational and applied questions. The approach is multidisciplinary and contributors include some of the most prominent lawyers, philosophers, and political theorists in the debate. The authors not only include leading academics but also those who have played important roles in shaping the policy debates on these questions. Each Part includes contributions by those who have served as Special Rapporteurs within the United Nations human rights system on the challenges under consideration.

scholarly journals The evolution of Darwinian sexualities

BJHS Themes ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Erika Lorraine Milam
Keyword(s):  
Gay Rights ◽  
First Century ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Sexual Preferences ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sexual Behaviours ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Descent Of Man

Abstract Charles Darwin's Descent of Man was suffused with questions of courtship, mating and sex. Following in his footsteps, biologists throughout the twentieth century interrogated the sexual behaviour of humans and animals. This paper charts the fate of evolutionary theories of sexuality to argue that – despite legal and social gains of the past century – when biologists used sexual selection as a tool for theorizing the evolution of homosexual behaviour (which happened only rarely), the effect of their theories was to continuously reinscribe normative heterosexuality. If, at the end of the nineteenth century, certain sex theorists viewed homosexuality as a marker of intermediate sex, by the late twentieth a new generation of evolutionary theorists idealized gay men as hyper-masculine biological males whose sexual behaviours were uncompromised by the necessity of accommodating women's sexual preferences. In both cases, normative assumptions about gender were interwoven with those about sexuality. By the twenty-first century, animal exemplars were again mobilized alongside data gathered about human sexual practices in defence of gay rights, but this time by creating the opportunity for naturalization without recourse to biological determinism.

THATCampQueensU: Bringing Digital Humanities to Queen's

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Bielinski
Keyword(s):  
Digital Humanities ◽  
First Century ◽  
Strong Sense ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
Skill Levels ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Queen's University ◽  
New Generation

There is a new generation of scholarship in the humanities, and it is rooted in twenty-first century technology. In response to what some have called the "crisis in humanities," scholars have begun to tackle their research questions armed with digital tools and a strong sense of collaboration in order to think across disciplines, allow for greater accessibility, and ultimately to create bigger impact. Digital Humanities, or DH, is this exciting and growing field--or maybe methodology--used by humanities scholars to share and create scholarly content.Despite the growing fervour for DH across Canada, many scholars at Queen's have yet to take advantage of the opportunities for research and teaching afforded by DH. I believe that by bringing together Digital Humanities practitioners at Queen's University, more scholars, faculty, and students would learn about and engage in dialogue about fostering and furthering DH scholarship across all disciplines. The best way to begin, I believe, is by hosting THATCamp at Queen's. The Humanities and Technology Camp is an open, inexpensive meeting where humanists and technologists of all skill levels learn and build together in sessions proposed on the spot.

THE DEVELOPMENT DESIGN MODEL IN THE COMPETITIVENESS OF INTELLIGENT BUSINESS ORGANISATIONS

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-280
Author(s):  
Christian Stipanović ◽  
Suzana Bareša
Keyword(s):  
High Growth ◽  
First Century ◽  
Design Model ◽  
Employee Empowerment ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Value System ◽  
Business Organisation ◽  
System A ◽  
New Development ◽  
New Generation

Croatian hotel and tourism companies are failing to keep abreast of modern tourism trends in the globalised marketplace of the twenty-first century. The imperative is to innovate the development design model based on a new value system. A precondition to success is transforming sluggish, inert companies that live according to the mindset of the past century into high-growth intelligent organisations capable of actively creating the future.The intelligent business organisation, founded on a new generation of managers, employee empowerment, software solutions and expert systems, needs to manage data and information to generate new development trends. The aim is to valorise intellectual capital and information in making innovations and creating new solutions in order to be able to stand up to rivals and more fully meet the needs of clients.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON SALES FUNNELS IN B2C AND B2B SEGMENTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Kiselicki ◽  
Saso Josimovski ◽  
Lidija Pulevska Ivanovska ◽  
Mijalce Santa
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
World Population ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
The Republic ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Sales Funnel ◽  
Media Data

The research focuses on introducing social media platforms as either a complementary or main channel in the company sales funnel. Internet technologies and Web 2.0 continue to provide innovations in digital marketing, with the latest iteration being lead generation services through social media. Data shows that almost half of the world population is active on social media, with the new Generation Alpha being projected to be entirely online dependent and proficient in the use of new technologies. The paper provides an overview of the digitalization of sales funnels, as well as the benefits that social media platforms can offer if implemented correctly. Secondary data provides the basis for transforming sales funnels with social media, where previous research provides limited data on the effectiveness of these types of efforts. Primary data demonstrates that introducing social media platforms can provide improvements of up to 3 to 4 times in analyzed case studies, as well as the shorter time when deciding about purchase in use case scenarios. Social media advertising can also be utilized to shorten the sales funnel process and serve as a unified point of entrance and exit in the first few stages.

scholarly journals Reduction of Aerodynamic Drag of Heavy Vehicles using CFD

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2670-2678
Author(s):  
Priyank Kothari
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Aerodynamic Drag ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Heavy Trucks ◽  
Air Resistance

Abstract: Aerodynamic drag is the force that opposes an object’s motion. When a vehicle no matter the size, is designed to allow air to move fluidly over its body, aerodynamic drag will have less of an impact on its performance and fuel economy. Heavy trucks burn a significant amount of fuel as to overcome the air resistance. More than 50% of an 18-wheeler’s fuel is spent reducing aerodynamic drag on the highways. Keywords: Aerodynamics, Heavy vehicles, ANSYS, Aerodynamic Drag, Fuel efficiency.

scholarly journals Experimental Analysis of Calculation of Fuel Consumption Rate by On-Road Mileage in a 2.0 L Gasoline-Fueled Passenger Vehicle

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaehyuk Lim ◽  
Yumin Lee ◽  
Kiho Kim ◽  
Jinwook Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Fuel Consumption Rate ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Consumption Value

The five-driving test mode is vehicle driving cycles made by the Environment Protection Association (EPA) in the United States of America (U.S.A.) to fully reflect actual driving environments. Recently, fuel consumption value calculated from the adjusted fuel consumption formula has been more effective in reducing the difference from that experienced in real-world driving conditions, than the official fuel efficiency equation used in the past that only considered the driving environment included in FTP and HWFET cycles. There are many factors that bring about divergence between official fuel consumption and that experienced by drivers, such as driving pattern behavior, accumulated mileage, driving environment, and traffic conditions. In this study, we focused on the factor of causing change of fuel efficiency value, calculated according to how many environmental conditions that appear on the real-road are considered, in producing the fuel consumption formula, and that of the vehicle’s accumulated mileage in a 2.0 L gasoline-fueled vehicle. So, the goals of this research are divided into four major areas to investigate divergence in fuel efficiency obtained from different equations, and what factors and how much CO2 and CO emissions that are closely correlated to fuel efficiency change, depending on the cumulative mileage of the vehicle. First, the fuel consumption value calculated from the non-adjusted formula, was compared with that calculated from the corrected fuel consumption formula. Also, how much CO2 concentration levels change as measured during each of the three driving cycles was analyzed as the vehicle ages. In addition, since the US06 driving cycle is divided into city mode and highway mode, how much CO2 and CO production levels change as the engine ages during acceleration periods in each mode was investigated. Finally, the empirical formula was constructed using fuel economy values obtained when the test vehicle reached 6500 km, 15,000 km, and 30,000 km cumulative mileage, to predict how much fuel consumption of city and highway would worsen, when mileage of the vehicle is increased further. When cumulative mileage values set in this study were reached, experiments were performed by placing the vehicle on a chassis dynamometer, in compliance with the carbon balance method. A key result of this study is that fuel economy is affected by various fuel consumption formula, as well as by aging of the engine. In particular, with aging aspects, the effect of an aging engine on fuel efficiency is insignificant, depending on the load and driving situation.

Uncertainty in Population Forecasts for the Twenty-First Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 449-470
Author(s):  
Nico Keilman
Keyword(s):  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
First Century ◽  
World Population ◽  
Type I ◽  
Population Forecast ◽  
Population Forecasts ◽  
Probabilistic Forecasts ◽  
Forecast Models ◽  
Country Specific ◽  
Scenario Approach

The aim of this article is to review a number of issues related to uncertain population forecasts, with a focus on world population. Why are these forecasts uncertain? Population forecasters traditionally follow two approaches when dealing with this uncertainty, namely scenarios (forecast variants) and probabilistic forecasts. Early probabilistic population forecast models were based upon a frequentist approach, whereas current ones are of the Bayesian type. I evaluate the scenario approach versus the probabilistic approach and conclude that the latter is preferred. Finally, forecasts of resources need not only population input, but also input on future numbers of households. While methods for computing probabilistic country-specific household forecasts have been known for some time, how to compute such forecasts for the whole world is yet an unexplored issue.

A Review of Electrically-Assisted Manufacturing With Emphasis on Modeling and Understanding of the Electroplastic Effect

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandt J. Ruszkiewicz ◽  
Tyler Grimm ◽  
Ihab Ragai ◽  
Laine Mears ◽  
John T. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Elastic Recovery ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Metallic Materials ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Electroplastic Effect ◽  
Electrically Assisted ◽  
Electrically Assisted Manufacturing

Increasingly strict fuel efficiency standards have driven the aerospace and automotive industries to improve the fuel economy of their fleets. A key method for feasibly improving the fuel economy is by decreasing the weight, which requires the introduction of materials with high strength to weight ratios into airplane and vehicle designs. Many of these materials are not as formable or machinable as conventional low carbon steels, making production difficult when using traditional forming and machining strategies and capital. Electrical augmentation offers a potential solution to this dilemma through enhancing process capabilities and allowing for continued use of existing equipment. The use of electricity to aid in deformation of metallic materials is termed as electrically assisted manufacturing (EAM). The direct effect of electricity on the deformation of metallic materials is termed as electroplastic effect. This paper presents a summary of the current state-of-the-art in using electric current to augment existing manufacturing processes for processing of higher-strength materials. Advantages of this process include flow stress and forming force reduction, increased formability, decreased elastic recovery, fracture mode transformation from brittle to ductile, decreased overall process energy, and decreased cutting forces in machining. There is currently a lack of agreement as to the underlying mechanisms of the electroplastic effect. Therefore, this paper presents the four main existing theories and the experimental understanding of these theories, along with modeling approaches for understanding and predicting the electroplastic effect.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document