Preliminary Component Design and Cost Estimation of a Novel Electric-Thermal Energy Storage System Using Solid Particles

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
Zhiwen Ma ◽  
Xingchao Wang ◽  
Patrick Davenport ◽  
Jeffrey Gifford ◽  
Janna Martinek
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power System ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Energy storage will become indispensable to complement the uncertainty of intermittent renewable resources and to firm the electricity supply as renewable power generation becomes the mainstream new-built energy source and fossil fuel power plants are phased out to meet carbon neutral utility targets. Current energy storage methods based on pumped storage hydropower or batteries have many limitations. Thermal energy storage (TES) has unique advantages in scale and siting flexibility to provide grid-scale storage capacity. A particle-based TES system is projected to have promising cost and performance characteristics to meet the future growing energy storage needs. This paper introduces the system and components required for particle TES to become technically and economically competitive. The system integrates electric particle heaters, particle TES within insulated concrete silos, and an efficient air-Brayton combined cycle power system to provide power for storage durations up to several days via low-cost, high-performance storage cycles. Design specifications and cost estimation of major components in a commercial-scale system are presented in this paper. A technoeconomic analysis based on preliminary component designs and performance indicates that particle TES integrated with an air-Brayton combined cycle power system has a path to achieve the targeted levelized cost of storage of 5¢/kWh-cycle at a round-trip efficiency of 50% when taking low-cost energy-specific components and leveraging basic assets from existing thermal power plants. The cost model provides insights for further development and economic potentials for long-duration energy storage.

Economic Analysis of an Electric Thermal Energy Storage System Using Solid Particles for Grid Electricity Storage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwen Ma ◽  
Xingchao Wang ◽  
Patrick Davenport ◽  
Jeffrey Gifford ◽  
Janna Martinek
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
And Performance

Abstract As renewable power generation becomes the mainstream new-built energy source, energy storage will become an indispensable need to complement the uncertainty of renewable resources to firm the power supply. When phasing out fossil-fuel power plants to meet the carbon neutral utility target in the midcentury around the world, large capacity of energy storage will be needed to provide reliable grid power. The renewable power integration with storage can support future carbon-free utility and has several significant impacts including increasing the value of renewable generation to the grid, improving the peak-load response, and balancing the electricity supply and demand. Long-duration energy storage (10–100 hours duration) can potentially complement the reduction of fossil-fuel baseload generation that otherwise would risk grid security when a large portion of grid power comes from variable renewable sources. Current energy storage methods based on pumped storage hydropower or batteries have many limitations. Thermal energy storage (TES) has unique advantages in scale and siting flexibility to provide grid-scale storage capacity. A particle-based TES system has promising cost and performance for the future growing energy storage needs. This paper introduces the system and components required for the particle TES to be technically and economically competitive. A technoeconomic analysis based on preliminary component designs and performance shows that the particle TES integrated with an efficient air-Brayton combined cycle power system can provide power for several days by low-cost, high-performance storage cycles. It addresses grid storage needs by enabling large-scale grid integration of intermittent renewables like wind and solar, thereby increasing their grid value. The design specifications and cost estimations of major components in a commercial scale system are presented in this paper. The cost model provides insights for further development and cost comparison with competing technologies.

scholarly journals A New Thermal Energy Storage Technology for Power System Services

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romano Acri ◽  
Fulvio Bassetti ◽  
Maria Carmen Falvo ◽  
Letizia Magaldi ◽  
Matteo Manganelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Steam Turbines

The decarbonization of the electrical energy sector is in progress for contrasting the climate changes, with a relevant increase of the Renewable Energy Sources (RES) power plants, mostly in Dispersed Generation (DG). The adequacy and the security of power systems, with a huge penetration of RES in DG is possible with a suitable integration of energy storage. In fact, energy storages are able to provide many different services for long-term adequacy and real time security. In this framework the present paper deals with a Thermal Energy Storage (TES) proposed for power system services. The technology presented is made up of modules containing a bed of fluidizable solid particles, which can store thermal energy from waste heat, process heat and/or from electricity. Stored thermal energy can be released, e.g. as superheated steam, for thermal uses or converted into electricity, by means of steam turbines. Some possible applications are then reported explaining advantages and limits.

scholarly journals Development and Characterization of Concrete/PCM/Diatomite Composites for Thermal Energy Storage in CSP/CST Applications

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4410
Author(s):  
Adio Miliozzi ◽  
Franco Dominici ◽  
Mauro Candelori ◽  
Elisabetta Veca ◽  
Raffaele Liberatore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Storage System

Thermal energy storage (TES) systems for concentrated solar power plants are essential for the convenience of renewable energy sources in terms of energy dispatchability, economical aspects and their larger use. TES systems based on the use of concrete have been demonstrated to possess good heat exchange characteristics, wide availability of the heat storage medium and low cost. Therefore, the purpose of this work was the development and characterization of a new concrete-based heat storage material containing a concrete mix capable of operating at medium–high temperatures with improved performance. In this work, a small amount of shape-stabilized phase change material (PCM) was included, thus developing a new material capable of storing energy both as sensible and latent heat. This material was therefore characterized thermally and mechanically and showed increased thermal properties such as stored energy density (up to +7%, with a temperature difference of 100 °C at an average operating temperature of 250 °C) when 5 wt% of PCM was added. By taking advantage of these characteristics, particularly the higher energy density, thermal energy storage systems that are more compact and economically feasible can be built to operate within a temperature range of approximately 150–350 °C with a reduction, compared to a concrete-only based thermal energy storage system, of approximately 7% for the required volume and cost.

scholarly journals Slag as an Inventory Material for Heat Storage in a Concentrated Solar Tower Power Plant: Design Studies and Systematic Comparative Assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Krüger ◽  
Jürgen Haunstetter ◽  
Philipp Knödler ◽  
Stefan Zunft
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Design Studies

By using metallurgical slag from an electric arc furnace that is otherwise not recycled but deposited as an inventory material in thermal energy storage for concentrated solar power plants, it is possible to make a significant step forward in two transformation processes: energy and raw materials. As this type of slag has not been considered as an inventory material for this purpose, it is important to clarify fundamental questions about this low-cost material and its storage design. In this paper, design studies of slag-based thermal energy storage are carried out. Different slag-specific design concepts are developed, calculated and evaluated by a method based on established management tools. Finally, concepts for further investigations are defined. The highest aptitude value and the lowest risk value are achieved by the vertical storage design with axial flow direction. Therefore, it is taken as the lead concept and will be considered in complete detail in further research. Also, a closer look, but not as detailed as the lead concept, is taken at the horizontal storage with axial flow and the vertical storage with radial flow direction.

Economic Performance of Thermal Energy Storage Integrated With Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plants

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry E. Osterman-Burgess ◽  
D. Yogi Goswami ◽  
Elias K. Stefanakos
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Natural Gas Combined Cycle

This paper focuses on the economics of integrating thermal energy storage into natural gas combined cycle power plants for improved operational and economic performance of the utility grid. Costs and fuel consumption are modeled based on a Florida electric utility’s hour-by-hour load data under two scenarios: 1) no storage, and 2) thermal storage attached to intermediate load, NGCC plants, displacing energy production from older, less efficient NGCT peaking units. Due to the nature of the power grid, several of the older units feature abnormally high fuel costs and abnormally low thermal efficiencies. By shifting load from the most expensive peaking units to more cost-effective combined cycles with a 204 MWhth storage system costing about $4 million, savings of more than $1 million per year can be realized while also reducing CO2 emissions by about 5000 metric tons per year. These savings represent an internal rate of returns of up to 23% over a 30-year lifetime, depending on the initial cost of the storage system.

Combined Cycle Gas Turbines With Electrically-Heated Thermal Energy Storage for Dispatchable Zero-Carbon Electricity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Stack ◽  
Charles Forsberg
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Low Carbon

Abstract A low-carbon world needs a replacement for natural gas-fired power to provide variable heat and electricity. The coupling of simple or combined cycle gas turbines (CCGTs) with advanced electrically-heated thermal energy storage (E-TES) systems is an alternative approach to energy storage with cost advantages over batteries or hydrogen production. CCGTs with E-TES may use stored low-value electricity to run the power cycle in place of fossil fuels. This (1) saves money for the power plants by allowing them to switch heat sources based on price, and (2) reduces carbon emissions by making use of otherwise curtailed renewable energy. The development of electrically conductive firebricks enables temperatures approaching 2000°C, hotter than existing E-TES options, sufficient to run CCGTs. Levelized cost of storage (LCOS) calculations show that the use of CCGTs with novel E-TES increases the cost of energy by less than a factor of 2, compared to a factor of 9 increase when using lithium-ion batteries. Unlike batteries, the CCGT with E-TES, provides assured generating capacity by normal operation of the gas turbine. A case study of CCGT coupled with E-TES is included based on 2019 electricity prices in Southern California, which showed an 18% reduction in fuel consumption and $11M savings based purely on the arbitrage case. The arbitrage case is expected to improve dramatically over the decade as deployment of renewable energy in California increases.

Design and performance evaluation of a dual-circuit thermal energy storage module for air conditioners

2021 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
pp. 116843
Author(s):  
Anurag Goyal ◽  
Eric Kozubal ◽  
Jason Woods ◽  
Malek Nofal ◽  
Said Al-Hallaj
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
And Performance
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