In-Situ Fracture Tolerance of the Metatarsals During Quasi-Static Compressive Loading of the Human Foot

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayank Kalra ◽  
Robert Bahensky ◽  
Stewart McLachlin ◽  
Duane Cronin ◽  
Naveen Chandrashekar
Keyword(s):  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Compressive Loading ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Fracture Force ◽  
Metatarsal Fracture ◽  
Metatarsal Fractures ◽  
Fracture Tolerance

Abstract Accidental foot injuries including metatarsal fractures commonly result from compressive loading. The ability of personal protective equipment to prevent these traumatic injuries depends on the understanding of metatarsal fracture tolerance. However, the in-situ fracture tolerance of the metatarsals under direct compressive loading to the foot's dorsal surface remains unexplored, even though the metatarsals are the most commonly fractured bones in the foot. The goal of this study was to quantify the in-situ fracture tolerance of the metatarsals under simulated quasi-static compressive loading. Fresh-frozen cadaveric feet (n=10) were mounted into a testing apparatus to replicate a natural stance and loaded at the mid-metatarsals with a cylindrical bar to simulate a crushing-type injury. A 900N compressive force was initially applied, followed by 225N successive load increments. Specimens were examined using X-ray imaging between load increments to assess for the presence of metatarsal fractures. Descriptive statistics were conducted for metatarsal fracture force and deformation. Pearson correlation tests were used to quantify the correlation between fracture force with age and BMI. The force and deformation at fracture were 1861 ± 642 N (mean ± SD) and 22.6 ± 3.4 mm, respectively. Fracture force was correlated with donor BMI (r=0.90). Every fractured specimen experienced a transverse fracture in the second metatarsal. New biomechanical data from this study further quantifies the metatarsal fracture risk under compressive loading and will help to improve the development and testing of improved personal protective equipment for the foot.

scholarly journals The effects of personal protective equipment on airway management: An in-situ simulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umair Ansari ◽  
Cyprian Mendonca ◽  
Ratidzo Danha ◽  
Richard Robley ◽  
Tim Davies
Keyword(s):  
Airway Management ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
In Situ Simulation

scholarly journals Using Agrochemicals in Farming and Its Ecological Impact in Rural Areas in Eastern Bankura of West Bengal

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Moumita Dey Gupta ◽  
F. H. Rahman ◽  
Kalyan Mitra ◽  
Arup Dey ◽  
Shubhadip Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Socioeconomic Variables ◽  
Key Informant

United Nations Hunger Task Force listed eight goals and conservation of nature and protection of environment is one of them. Different practices involved in use of agrochemicals like mishandling, indiscriminate use, disposal could have adverse health and environmental impact. This experiment was done in eight selected villages of Sonamukhi block in Bankura district of West Bengal with the main objectives of assessing the knowledge and practices regarding agrochemicals stewardship role performed at the end user level i.e. farmers; exploring the farmers perceptions of agrochemical use and its potential adverse effects on health and identifying socioeconomic variables which influence this role and perception. Two types of Methodology involved in this study among which participatory types are cross sectional survey, focus group discussions, key informant interviews along with descriptive statistics and Pearson Correlation Analysis. Pesticides which are highly hazardous according to WHO report, are very much in use for different purposes in the study area. All total of 300 farmers were interviewed, among them 20% stored agrochemicals in their homes prior to usage. Eighty percent of the respondents do not use anything to mix the chemicals and they do it bare hand, Unsafe dispose of empty sacs or containers of agrochemicals found in 40% of the respondents and whereas almost 25% of the respondents reused containers/sacks to store materials at homes. A minimal number of them i.e. only 5% of the respondents used sufficient personal protective equipment during application of agrochemicals. Participatory and bottom-up approaches like focus group discussion and key informant interviews divulged that awareness and perception regarding adverse effects of agrochemicals is moderate among the participants. The practice of handling of agrochemicals without proper protection and unsafe disposal of pesticide containers appears to be widely prevalent in the study villages. It was found the though respondent possess moderate knowledge of health and environmental hazard but the implementation of this perceived knowledge is very low. Among the different socioeconomic variables age and size of land holding has negative but significant, whereas education has shown positive and significant correlation with the use of Personal Protective Equipment. A holistic program for increasing awareness for safe management, handling and disposal of pesticides among both users and agricultural input dealers is required to address this important health and environmental problem.

scholarly journals The correlation between the use of personal protective equipment and level wild-type p53 of dental technicians in Surabaya

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puspa Dila Rohmaniar ◽  
Titiek Berniyanti ◽  
Retno Pudji Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
P53 Protein ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
P53 Gene ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Wild Type P53

Background: Exposure of metals among dental technicians that come from the working environment can lead to the formation reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS can cause mutations in the p53 gene (p53). The mutation is transversion mutation GuanineThymine. p53 mutations can lead to low expression of the wild-type p53 protein (p53). Wild-type p53 involved in many biological processes such as regulation of genes involved in cell cycle, cell growth after DNA damage, and apoptosis. However, exposure to metals among dental technicians can be prevented through the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) during work. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between the use of personal protective equipment to wild-type p53 protein levels among dental technicians in Surabaya. Method: This study was observational analytic with cross sectional approach. 40 samples were taken by random sampling. Data were retrieved through interviews and observations. Wild-type p53 was analyzed from saliva with indirect ELISA method. Analysis of data used Kolmogorov Smirnov normality test and a Pearson correlation test. Value significance was p<0.05 (95% confidence level). Result: There was a significant association between the use of personal protective equipment with wild-type p53 levels with p=0.002 Conclusion: The use PPE properly is positively correlated with the wild-type p53 protein levels of dental technicians in Surabaya.

scholarly journals Study Protocol on Availability and Accessibility of Personal Protective Equipment: Fears of Acquiring COVID-19 Among Nurses and Midwives Attending to Women at the Women and New Born Hospital and First Level Hospitals, in Lusaka, Zambia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Sebean Mayimbo ◽  
◽  
Kabwe Chitundu ◽  
Mutinke Zulu ◽  
Deborah Nayame Mushamba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Frontline Workers ◽  
New Born ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Nurses And Midwives

Background: COVID-19 emerged from Wuhan city, Hubei province of China and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in January, 2020. Pregnant women have not been spared from this pandemic thereby putting at risk the nurses and midwives who take care of such women considering the close proximity of care especially during delivery. At the heart of the pandemic, fear is heightened among nurses as frontline workers due to unavailability of personal protective equipment. This study aims to assess the availability and accessibility of personal protective equipment and fears of acquiring COVID-19 among nurses and midwives attending to women at the Women and New Born Hospital and First Level Hospitals, in Lusaka, Zambia.Methodology: Nurses and midwives (n = 384) attending to women in maternity wards at the Women and Newborn Hospital and five (5) first level health facilities in Lusaka, Zambia will answer a monkey survey whose link will be sent via a WhatsApp group. They will answer questions on the socio demographic variables, availability and accessibility of PPEs and will be assessed for anxiety levels using the Form Y State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Data will be analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25.0. Chi-square will be used on nominal and ordinal level variables and Pearson correlation will be used on interval and ratio level variables to determine the association between availability and accessibility of personal protective equipment and the levels of anxiety and depression. Conclusion:The findings from this study may be key for information on accessibility and availability of personal protective equipment use during the COVID-19 pandemic. Information on levels of anxiety among nurses and midwives will guide stakeholders on the need of mental health wellness among the caregivers

scholarly journals Virtual application of in situ simulation during a pandemic

CJEM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 563-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erich Hanel ◽  
Monika Bilic ◽  
Kelly Hassall ◽  
Mary Hastings ◽  
Farah Jazuli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Wide Audience ◽  
In Situ Simulation ◽  
Social Distancing

ABSTRACTThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic introduced challenges to the use of simulation, including limited personal protective equipment and restricted time and personnel. Our use of video for in situ simulation aimed to circumvent these challenges and assist in the development of a protocol for protected intubation and simultaneously educate emergency department (ED) staff. We video-recorded a COVID-19 respiratory failure in situ simulation event, which was shared by a facilitator both virtually and in the ED. The facilitator led discussions and debriefs. We followed this with in situ run-throughs in which staff walked through the steps of the simulation in the ED, handling medications and equipment and becoming comfortable with use of isolation rooms. This application of in situ simulation allowed one simulation event to reach a wide audience, while allowing participants to respect social distancing, and resulted in the education of this audience and successful crowdsourcing for a protocol amidst a pandemic.

scholarly journals In situ simulation improves perceived self-efficacy of OR nurses and anaesthesiologists during COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjstel-2020-000840
Author(s):  
Fernande Lois ◽  
Claude Hallet ◽  
Nicolas Samalea Suarez ◽  
Alexandre Ghuysen ◽  
Jean François Brichant
Keyword(s):  
Airway Management ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numeric Rating Scale ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
In Situ Simulation ◽  
Numeric Rating

IntroductionSelf-efficacy is defined as people’s internal beliefs about their ability to have an impact on events that affect their lives. As part of the COVID-19 pandemic, we carried out in situ simulation for anaesthesiologists and operating room (OR) nurses. Simulation was focused on the recommendations on the use of specific personal protective equipment (PPE) as well as on airway management and intubation. We hypothesised that in situ procedural simulation should increase their perceived self-efficacy.MethodsBetween 16 March and 20 March 2020, 208 healthcare workers took part in in situ procedural simulation. A questionnaire was sent to participants on 21 April 2020. Six self-efficacy items related to PPE and airway manoeuvres were assessed before and after training on a Numeric Rating Scale from 0 to 10.ResultsSixty-seven participants (32%) replied to the questionnaire. The before–after comparison of the six items revealed an increase in perceived self-efficacy for each of them. A before training difference was observed between nurses, board-certified anaesthetists and trainees in anaesthesia in perceived self-efficacy for putting on (6 (3–8) vs 4.5 (2.25–6) vs 2 (0–6), p=0.007) and remove PPE (8 (5–8) vs 4.5 (3.25–6) vs 4 (1–6), p=0.009). No difference in perceived self-efficacy after training was observed between nurses, board-certified anaesthetists and trainees in anaesthesia.ConclusionsIn situ simulation improves the perceived self-efficacy of OR nurses and anaesthesiologists on specific skills related to the care of patients with COVID-19.

Impact of COVID-19 on Nuclear Medicine in Germany, Austria and Switzerland: An International Survey in April 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (04) ◽  
pp. 294-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutz S. Freudenberg ◽  
Ulf Dittmer ◽  
Ken Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Public Versus Private ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Preparations of health systems to accommodate large number of severely ill COVID-19 patients in March/April 2020 has a significant impact on nuclear medicine departments. Materials and Methods A web-based questionnaire was designed to differentiate the impact of the pandemic on inpatient and outpatient nuclear medicine operations and on public versus private health systems, respectively. Questions were addressing the following issues: impact on nuclear medicine diagnostics and therapy, use of recommendations, personal protective equipment, and organizational adaptations. The survey was available for 6 days and closed on April 20, 2020. Results 113 complete responses were recorded. Nearly all participants (97 %) report a decline of nuclear medicine diagnostic procedures. The mean reduction in the last three weeks for PET/CT, scintigraphies of bone, myocardium, lung thyroid, sentinel lymph-node are –14.4 %, –47.2 %, –47.5 %, –40.7 %, –58.4 %, and –25.2 % respectively. Furthermore, 76 % of the participants report a reduction in therapies especially for benign thyroid disease (-41.8 %) and radiosynoviorthesis (–53.8 %) while tumor therapies remained mainly stable. 48 % of the participants report a shortage of personal protective equipment. Conclusions Nuclear medicine services are notably reduced 3 weeks after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic reached Germany, Austria and Switzerland on a large scale. We must be aware that the current crisis will also have a significant economic impact on the healthcare system. As the survey cannot adapt to daily dynamic changes in priorities, it serves as a first snapshot requiring follow-up studies and comparisons with other countries and regions.

Infectious safety of nursing staff in departments (offices) functional diagnostics in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
E. V. Panina ◽  
M. V. Pugachev ◽  
A. G. Shchesiu
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Medical Waste ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Functional Diagnostics ◽  
Prevention Of Infections ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The article shows that in the daily activities of nursing staff of functional diagnostics departments (offices), it is necessary to strictly observe the requirements and rules for the prevention of infections associated with medical care, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The types of personal protective equipment (PPE) of medical personnel (MP), as well as current effective methods of disinfection, rules for collecting medical waste in a complex epidemiological situation are presented.

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