How Structural Features of a Spring-Based Model of Fibrous Collagen Tissue Govern the Overall Young's Modulus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Neubert ◽  
Emily Evans ◽  
John Dallon
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Strain Response ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Nodal Density ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Fibrous Tissues ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract While much study has been dedicated to investigating biopolymers' stress-strain response at low strain levels, little research has been done to investigate the linear region of biopolymers' stress-strain response and how the microstructure affects it. We propose a mathematical model of fibrous networks which reproduces qualitative features of collagen gel's stress-strain response and provides insight into the key features which impact the Young's Modulus of similar fibrous tissues. This model analyzes the relationship of the Young's Modulus of the lattice to internodal fiber length, number of connection points or nodes per unit area, and average number of connections to each node. Our results show that fiber length, nodal density, and level of connectivity each uniquely impact the Young's Modulus of the lattice. Furthermore, our model indicates that the Young's Modulus of a lattice can be estimated using the effective resistance of the network, a graph theory technique that measures distances across a network. Our model thus provides insight into how the organization of fibers in a biopolymer impact its linear Young's Modulus.

Stress-Strain Response of the Human Vocal Ligament

1995 ◽  
Vol 104 (7) ◽  
pp. 563-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young B. Min ◽  
Ingo R. Titze ◽  
Fariborz Alipour-Haghighi
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
High Strain ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Strain Response ◽  
Exponential Functions ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Strain Measurements ◽  
The Mean

The longitudinal elastic properties of the human vocal ligament were quantified by stress-strain measurements and by modeling the response mathematically. Human ligaments were obtained from surgery and autopsy cases. They were dissected, mounted, and stretched with a dual-servo ergometer to measure force versus elongation and to convert the results into stress and strain. To calculate a longitudinal Young's modulus, the stress-strain curves were fitted with polynomial and exponential functions and differentiated. Young's modulus was separately defined in the low- and high-strain regions. The mean Young's modulus for the low-strain region was 33.1 ± 10.4 kilopascals. In the high-strain region, A and B parameters for an exponential fit were 1.4 ± 1.0 and 9.6 ± 1.2 kilopascals, respectively. The stress-strain and Young's modulus curves showed the typical hysteresis and nonlinearity seen previously in other vocal fold tissues (muscle and mucosa), but the nonlinearity was most profound for the vocal ligament.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

scholarly journals Effect of Nanopores on Mechanical Properties of the Shape Memory Alloy

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 529
Author(s):  
Chunzhi Du ◽  
Zhifan Li ◽  
Bingfei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Constitutive Model ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Residual Strain ◽  
Surface Effect ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Strength Limit

Nanoporous Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) are widely used in aerospace, military industry, medical and health and other fields. More and more attention has been paid to its mechanical properties. In particular, when the size of the pores is reduced to the nanometer level, the effect of the surface effect of the nanoporous material on the mechanical properties of the SMA will increase sharply, and the residual strain of the SMA material will change with the nanoporosity. In this work, the expression of Young’s modulus of nanopore SMA considering surface effects is first derived, which is a function of nanoporosity and nanopore size. Based on the obtained Young’s modulus, a constitutive model of nanoporous SMA considering residual strain is established. Then, the stress–strain curve of dense SMA based on the new constitutive model is drawn by numerical method. The results are in good agreement with the simulation results in the published literature. Finally, the stress-strain curves of SMA with different nanoporosities are drawn, and it is concluded that the Young’s modulus and strength limit decrease with the increase of nanoporosity.

Numerical Modeling of Macroscopic Behavior of Particulate Composite with Crosslinked Polymer Matrix

2011 ◽  
Vol 465 ◽  
pp. 129-132
Author(s):  
Luboš Náhlík ◽  
Bohuslav Máša ◽  
Pavel Hutař
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Particulate Composite ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Particulate Composites ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Crosslinked Polymer

Particulate composites with crosslinked polymer matrix and solid fillers are one of important classes of materials such as construction materials, high-performance engineering materials, sealants, protective organic coatings, dental materials, or solid explosives. The main focus of a present paper is an estimation of the macroscopic Young’s modulus and stress-strain behavior of a particulate composite with polymer matrix. The particulate composite with a crosslinked polymer matrix in a rubbery state filled by an alumina-based mineral filler is investigated by means of the finite element method. A hyperelastic material behavior of the matrix was modeled by the Mooney-Rivlin material model. Numerical models on the base of unit cell were developed. The numerical results obtained were compared with experimental stress-strain curve and value of initial Young’s modulus. The paper can contribute to a better understanding of the behavior and failure of particulate composites with a crosslinked polymer matrix.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Contribution of Crystallographic Texture and Grain Morphology on the Elastic and Plastic Anisotropy of bcc Steel

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Diehl ◽  
Jörn Niehuesbernd ◽  
Enrico Bruder
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Crystallographic Texture ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Hsla Steel ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Plastic Anisotropy ◽  
Grain Morphology ◽  
Strain Partitioning ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Full Field

The influence of grain shape and crystallographic orientation on the global and local elastic and plastic behaviour of strongly textured materials is investigated with the help of full-field simulations based on texture data from electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) measurements. To this end, eight different microstructures are generated from experimental data of a high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel processed by linear flow splitting. It is shown that the most significant factor on the global elastic stress–strain response (i.e., Young’s modulus) is the crystallographic texture. Therefore, simple texture-based models and an analytic expression based on the geometric mean to determine the orientation dependent Young’s modulus are able to give accurate predictions. In contrast, with regards to the plastic anisotropy (i.e., yield stress), simple analytic approaches based on the calculation of the Taylor factor, yield different results than full-field microstructure simulations. Moreover, in the case of full-field models, the selected microstructure representation influences the outcome of the simulations. In addition, the full-field simulations, allow to investigate the micro-mechanical fields, which are not readily available from the analytic expressions. As the stress–strain partitioning visible from these fields is the underlying reason for the observed macroscopic behaviour, studying them makes it possible to evaluate the microstructure representations with respect to their capabilities of reproducing experimental results.

Uniaxial Mechanical Properties of Sandstone under Cyclic of Drying and Wetting

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 2310-2313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Yan Yao ◽  
Zhen Hua Zhang ◽  
Zhao Hui Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Constitutive Model ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Deformation And Failure ◽  
Deformation Behaviors ◽  
Uniaxial Strength

Water is an important factor that influences the mechanical properties of rock. Uniaxial compressive experiments have been carried out on sandstone under different cyclic times of drying and wetting. The corresponding complete stress-strain curves are obtained, and characteristics of deformation and failure are analyzed. Test results show that when sandstone samples are submitted to cyclic of drying and wetting, the uniaxial strength and Young's modulus of sandstone obviously decrease. Then, the improved Duncan constitutive model is developed, which can do better in describing sample’s deformation behaviors subject to different cyclic times of drying and wetting. Introduction

scholarly journals Insight into the Interaction between Water and Ion-Exchanged Aluminosilicate Glass by Nanoindentation

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2959
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Li ◽  
Liangbao Jiang ◽  
Jiaxi Liu ◽  
Minbo Wang ◽  
Jiaming Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Surface Stress ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Aluminosilicate Glass ◽  
Hydration Time ◽  
Stress Layer ◽  
Insight Into

This work aims to explore the interaction between water and ion-exchanged aluminosilicate glass. The surface mechanical properties of ion-exchanged glasses after different hydration durations are investigated. The compressive stress and depth of stress layer are determined with a surface stress meter on the basis of photo-elasticity theory. The hardness and Young’s modulus are tested through nanoindentation. Infrared spectroscopy is used to determine the variation in surface structures of the glass samples. The results show that hydration has obvious effects on the hardness and Young’s modulus of the raw and ion-exchanged glasses. The hardness and Young’s modulus decrease to different extents after different hydration times, and the Young’s modulus shows some recovery with the prolonging of hydration time. The ion-exchanged glasses are more resistant to hydration. The tin side is more resistant to hydration than the air side. The results are expected to serve as reference for better understanding the hydration process of ion-exchanged glass.

Polysilicon Tensile Testing With Electrostatic Gripping

1998 ◽  
Vol 518 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. N. Sharpe ◽  
K. Turner ◽  
R. L. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Electrostatic Forces ◽  
Stress Strain Curve ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Force Displacement

AbstractTechniques and procedures are described for tensile testing of polysilicon specimens that are 1.5 or 3.5 νm thick and have various widths and lengths. The specimens are fixed to the wafer at one end and have a large free end that can be gripped by electrostatic forces. This enables easy handling and testing and permits the deposition of 18 specimens on a one-centimeter square portion of a wafer. The displacement of the free end is monitored, which allows one to extract Young's modulus from the force-displacement record. Some of the wider specimens have two gold lines applied so that strain can be measured interferometrically directly on the specimen to record a stress-strain curve.The specimens were produced at the Microelectronics Center of North Carolina (MCNC). When compared with earlier results of wider MCNC specimens that were 3.5 μm thick, the Young's modulus is smaller and the strength is slightly larger.

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