Hemodynamic Study of Blood Flow in the Carotid Artery with a Focus on Carotid Sinus Using Fluid-Structure Interaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Bantwal ◽  
Aditya Singh ◽  
Abhay Menon ◽  
Nitesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Flow Separation ◽  
Carotid Sinus ◽  
Fluid Structure Interaction ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesion ◽  
Outer Wall ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Fluid Structure ◽  
Structure Interaction

Abstract The carotid artery is one of the most favorable locations for atherosclerotic plaque accumulation due to its unique geometry. It predominantly occurs at the outer wall of the inner carotid artery (ICA) carotid sinus. Fluid-structure interaction study of hemodynamics in the carotid artery with a focus on carotid sinus plays a prominent role in explaining the development and progression of the atherosclerotic lesion. In this study, hemodynamic parameters affecting the plaque accumulation in the carotid artery was investigated with a focus on the carotid sinus. An idealized carotid artery model was taken and hemodynamic parameters such as deformation, WSS, OSI, RRT, and Helicity were investigated. The atherosclerosis-prone carotid sinus region had significantly low WSS, and low helicity resulting in higher OSI. In these regions, the flow separation had decreased the velocity significantly with a high-velocity angle. The flow divider had significant elevated WSS due to a higher pressure gradient. Stenosis is predicted to occur at the downstream area of the carotid sinus and develop downstream due to flow separation leading to endothelial dysfunction. Decreased vascular WSS, helicity, and higher OSI are key to the development of endothelial dysfunction leading to the atherosclerotic lesion at the carotid sinus.

scholarly journals A mathematical evaluation of hemodynamic parameters after carotid eversion and conventional patch angioplasty

2013 ◽  
Vol 305 (5) ◽  
pp. H716-H724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey V. Kamenskiy ◽  
Iraklis I. Pipinos ◽  
Yuris A. Dzenis ◽  
Prateek K. Gupta ◽  
Syed A. Jaffar Kazmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Fluid Structure Interaction ◽  
Vortical Flow ◽  
Intraluminal Pressure ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Fluid Structure ◽  
Structure Interaction ◽  
Patch Angioplasty ◽  
Eversion Endarterectomy

Carotid endarterectomy has a long history in stroke prevention, yet controversy remains concerning optimal techniques. Two methods frequently used are endarterectomy with patch angioplasty (CEAP) and eversion endarterectomy (CEE). The objective of this study was to compare hemodynamics-related stress and strain distributions between arteries repaired using CEAP and CEE. Mathematical models were based on in vivo three-dimensional arterial geometry, pulsatile velocity profiles, and intraluminal pressure inputs obtained from 16 patients with carotid artery disease. These data were combined with experimentally derived nonlinear, anisotropic carotid artery mechanical properties to create fluid-structure interaction models of CEAP and CEE. These models were then used to calculate hemodynamic parameters thought to promote recurrent disease and restenosis. Combining calculations of stress and strain into a composite risk index, called the integral abnormality factor, allowed for an overall comparison between CEAP and CEE. CEE demonstrated lower mechanical stresses in the arterial wall, whereas CEAP straightened the artery and caused high stress and strain concentrations at the suture-artery interface. CEAP produced a larger continuous region of oscillatory, low-shear, vortical flow in the carotid bulb. There was a more than two-fold difference in the integral abnormality factor, favoring CEE. In conclusion, in a realistically simulated carotid artery, fluid-structure interaction modeling demonstrated CEE to produce less mechanical wall stress and improved flow patterns compared with CEAP. Clinical validation with larger numbers of individual patients will ultimately be required to support modeling approaches to help predict arterial disease progression and comparative effectiveness of reconstruction methods and devices.

scholarly journals Image-Guided Fluid-Structure Interaction Simulation of Transvalvular Hemodynamics: Quantifying the Effects of Varying Aortic Valve Leaflet Thickness

Fluids ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anvar Gilmanov ◽  
Alexander Barker ◽  
Henryk Stolarski ◽  
Fotis Sotiropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Heart Valve ◽  
Fluid Structure Interaction ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Orifice Area ◽  
Fluid Structure ◽  
Structure Interaction

When flow-induced forces are altered at the blood vessel, maladaptive remodeling can occur. One reason such remodeling may occur has to do with the abnormal functioning of the aortic heart valve due to disease, calcification, injury, or an improperly-designed prosthetic valve, which restricts the opening of the valve leaflets and drastically alters the hemodynamics in the ascending aorta. While the specifics underlying the fundamental mechanisms leading to changes in heart valve function may differ from one cause to another, one common and important change is in leaflet stiffness and/or mass. Here, we examine the link between valve stiffness and mass and the hemodynamic environment in aorta by coupling magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with high-resolution fluid–structure interaction (FSI) computational fluid dynamics to simulate blood flow in a patient-specific model. The thoracic aorta and a native aortic valve were re-constructed in the FSI model from the MRI data and used for the simulations. The effect of valve stiffness and mass is parametrically investigated by varying the thickness (h) of the leaflets (h = 0.6, 2, 4 mm). The FSI simulations were designed to investigate systematically progressively higher levels of valve stiffness by increasing valve thickness and quantifying hemodynamic parameters known to be linked to aortopathy and valve disease. The computed results reveal dramatic differences in all hemodynamic parameters: (1) the geometric orifice area (GOA), (2) the maximum velocity V max of the jet passing through the aortic orifice area, (3) the rate of energy dissipation E ˙ diss ( t ) , (4) the total loss of energy E diss , (5) the kinetic energy of the blood flow E kin ( t ) , and (6) the average magnitude of vorticity Ω a ( t ) , illustrating the change in hemodynamics that occur due to the presence of aortic valve stenosis.

Investigation of two-way fluid-structure interaction of blood flow in a patient-specific left coronary artery

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Abdulgaphur Athani ◽  
N.N.N. Ghazali ◽  
Irfan Anjum Badruddin ◽  
Sarfaraz Kamangar ◽  
Ali E. Anqi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Wall Shear Stress ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Fluid Structure Interaction ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Fluid Structure ◽  
Structure Interaction

BACKGROUND: The blood flow in the human artery has been a subject of sincere interest due to its prime importance linked with human health. The hemodynamic study has revealed an essential aspect of blood flow that eventually proved to be paramount to make a correct decision to treat patients suffering from cardiac disease. OBJECTIVE: The current study aims to elucidate the two-way fluid-structure interaction (FSI) analysis of the blood flow and the effect of stenosis on hemodynamic parameters. METHODS: A patient-specific 3D model of the left coronary artery was constructed based on computed tomography (CT) images. The blood is assumed to be incompressible, homogenous, and behaves as Non-Newtonian, while the artery is considered as a nonlinear elastic, anisotropic, and incompressible material. Pulsatile flow conditions were applied at the boundary. Two-way coupled FSI modeling approach was used between fluid and solid domain. The hemodynamic parameters such as the pressure, velocity streamline, and wall shear stress were analyzed in the fluid domain and the solid domain deformation. RESULTS: The simulated results reveal that pressure drop exists in the vicinity of stenosis and a recirculation region after the stenosis. It was noted that stenosis leads to high wall stress. The results also demonstrate an overestimation of wall shear stress and velocity in the rigid wall CFD model compared to the FSI model.

scholarly journals Computational Investigation of the Stability of Stenotic Carotid Artery under Pulsatile Blood Flow Using a Fluid-Structure Interaction Approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 2050110
Author(s):  
Amirhosein Manzoori ◽  
Famida Fallah ◽  
Mohammadali Sharzehee ◽  
Sina Ebrahimi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Fluid Structure Interaction ◽  
Circumferential Stress ◽  
Artery Stenosis ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Pulsatile Blood Flow ◽  
Fluid Structure ◽  
Structure Interaction ◽  
The Stability

Stenosis can disrupt the normal pattern of blood flow and make the artery more susceptible to buckling which may cause arterial tortuosity. Although the stability simulations of the atherosclerotic arteries were conducted based on solid modeling and static internal pressure, the mechanical stability of stenotic artery under pulsatile blood flow remains unclear while pulsatile nature of blood flow makes the artery more critical for stresses and stability. In this study, the effect of stenosis on arterial stability under pulsatile blood flow was investigated. Fluid–structure interaction (FSI) simulations of artery stenosis under pulsatile flow were conducted. 3D idealized geometries of carotid artery stenosis with symmetric and asymmetric plaques along with different percentages of stenosis were created. It was observed that the stenosis percentage, symmetry/asymmetry of the plaque, and the stretch ratio can dramatically affect the buckling pressure. Buckling makes the plaques (especially in asymmetric ones) more likely to rupture due to increasing the stresses on it. The dominant stresses on plaques are the circumferential, axial and radial ones, respectively. Also, the highest shear stresses on the plaques were detected in [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] planes for the symmetric and asymmetric stenotic arteries, respectively. In addition, the maximum circumferential stress on the plaques was observed in the outer point of the buckled configuration for symmetric and asymmetric stenosis as well as at the ends of the asymmetric plaque. Furthermore, the artery buckling causes a large vortex flow at the downstream of the plaque. As a result, the conditions for the penetration of lipid particles and the formation of new plaques are provided.

An Approach on Fluid-Structure Interaction for Hemodynamics of Carotid Arteries

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Hyuk Lee ◽  
Seongwon Kang ◽  
Nahmkeon Hur
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Solid Mechanics ◽  
Fluid Structure Interaction ◽  
Blood Rheology ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Fluid Structure ◽  
Structure Interaction

In the present study, a problem of the hemodynamic fluid-structure interaction (FSI) in the carotid artery was analyzed using a numerical approach. To predict the blood flow and arterial deformation, a framework for the FSI analysis was developed by coupling computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and solid mechanics (CSM) approaches. Using this framework, the hemodynamics of the carotid artery was simulated with the patient-specific clinical data of the arterial geometry, pulsatile blood flow and blood rheology. It is found that the hemodynamic characteristics of the carotid artery are significantly affected by its geometric factors and flow conditions, and relatively low values of the wall shear stress were observed in the post-plaque dilated region of the carotid bifurcated area. Since these characteristics of the carotid artery are affected by the cerebral circulation system, the effects of the cardiac output and the distal vascular resistance on hemodynamics were also analyzed.

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