Manufacturing Capability of 3D Printed Stereolithography Parts for Impact Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Process Capability ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) printing with high-resolution stereolithography (SLA) has grown in popularity for creating personalized medical devices. 3D printing is now starting to expand to weight-bearing components, e.g. prosthetic feet, as data on the dynamic properties impact and fatigue is published in the literature. The next step towards using 3D printing in impact applications is to assess the capability of the high-resolution SLA process to manufacture components of uniform impact resistance. Because impact testing is destructive, a surrogate measure to check a part's viability for resisting an impact load also needs to be established. Thirteen notched Izod specimens were printed on a Form2 SLA printer using the manufacturer's photocurable resins: clear, flexible, durable, and draft. Once all the specimens were printed, washed in isopropyl alcohol, and cured with ultraviolet light, the impact resistance was quantified using a pendulum impact tester in a notched Izod configuration. Then, the hardness of the specimens was quantified using a Shore durometer. The process capability indices of the impact resistance for the various polymers were 0.11 (clear), 0.43 (flexible), 0.65 (durable), and 1.07 (draft). Impact resistance and Shore durometer were only correlated for the flexible resin with a Spearman coefficient of r = 0.738, p < 0.005. Since the process capability index was so variable across materials, 3D printing with SLA polymers is not a viable manufacturing process for creating parts of consistent impact resistance. The current technology would lead to too many rejected parts.

Manufacturing Capability Index of 3D Printing Parts for Impact Applications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Brinell Hardness ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Process Capability ◽  
Process Capability Index ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Capability Index ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) printing with high-resolution stereolithography (SLA) has grown in popularity for creating personalized medical devices. 3D printing is now starting to expand to weight-bearing components, e.g. prosthetic feet, as data on the dynamic properties impact and fatigue is published in the literature. The next step towards using 3D printing in impact applications is to assess the capability of the high-resolution SLA process to manufacture components of uniform impact resistance. Because impact testing is destructive, a surrogate measure to check a part’s viability for resisting an impact load also needs to be established. Thirteen notched Izod specimens were printed on a Form2 SLA printer using the manufacturer’s clear V4, photocurable resin. Once all the specimens were printed, washed in isopropyl alcohol, and cured with ultraviolet light, the impact resistance was quantified using a pendulum impact tester in a notched Izod configuration. Then, the hardness of the specimens was quantified using a HBW 10/250 scale. The impact resistance of the clear, SLA polymer was 0.59 ± 0.14 ft-lb/in. With an upper standard limit of 0.53 ft-lb/in, the process capability index was 0.133. Impact resistance and Brinell hardness were not correlated with a Spearman coefficient of r = −0.108, p = 0.73. Since the process capability index was less than one, 3D printing with SLA polymers is not a viable manufacturing process for creating parts of consistent impact resistance. The current technology would lead to too many rejected parts. Also, Brinell hardness and impact strength were not related. Therefore, there is no non-destructive method to spot-check these components before use.

scholarly journals DYNAMIC IMPACT WEAR AND IMPACT RESISTANCE OF W-B-C COATINGS

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Josef Daniel ◽  
Jan Grossman ◽  
Vilma Buršíková ◽  
Lukáš Zábranský ◽  
Pavel Souček ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Test ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Dynamic Impact ◽  
Impact Deformation ◽  
The Impact

Coated components used in industry are often exposed to repetitive dynamic impact load. The dynamic impact test is a suitable method for the study of thin protective coatings under such conditions. Aim of this paper is to describe the method of dynamic impact testing and the novel concepts of evaluation of the impact test results, such as the impact resistance and the impact deformation rate. All of the presented results were obtained by testing two W-B-C coatings with different C/W ratio. Different impact test results are discussed with respect to the coatings microstructure, the chemical and phase composition, and the mechanical properties. It is shown that coating adhesion to the HSS substrate played a crucial role in the coatings’ impact lifetime.

EFFECT OF EMBEDDED TUNGSTEN PARTICLES ON IMPACT RESISTANCE OF DIAMOND COATING

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150108
Author(s):  
NAICHAO CHEN ◽  
DONGMEI LIU ◽  
FAN ZHOU ◽  
PING HE ◽  
MUSEN LIU
Keyword(s):  
Impact Load ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Impact Behavior ◽  
Diamond Coating ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Softening Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

For diamond coating, natural fragile property easily leads to fracture, delamination and peeling, which seriously inhibits the applications in many industrial fields. In order to prolong the lifetime, improving the toughness under impact load is essential for diamond coating. In this work, a novel method was proposed by the conventional CVD diamond technique combining with the particles, with which the nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) coating with W particles (W-NCD) was fabricated to evaluate the impact behavior. The pure NCD coating was also produced for comparison. Repeating impact testing was performed to evaluate the impact resistance of the as-deposited NCD coatings. The results showed that the diamond coating can be fabricated on the substrate with W particles. The indentation scar revealed that the W-NCD coating had the stronger impact resistance than the NCD coating. Ratcheting effect was employed to discuss the impact properties of NCD coating for the first time. The coating integrity played a vital role in ratcheting displacement. Repeating impact can make the NCD and W-NCD coatings soft, and the W particles can accelerate the softening process. Hence, embedding particles can provide a potential and valid method to enhance the impact resistance of diamond coating that was very important for the fragile coating.

Effect of Three-Dimensional Printing With Nanotubes on Impact and Fatigue Resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Impact Tester ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dimensional Printing ◽  
Pendulum Impact ◽  
Pendulum Impact Tester

Abstract The types of biomedical devices that can be three-dimensional printed (3DP) are limited by the mechanical properties of the resulting materials. As a result, much research has been focused on adding carbon nanotubes (CNT) to these photocurable polymers to make them stronger. The objective of this study was to expand the use of 3DP to prosthetics by testing the hypothesis that adding CNTs to a stereolithographic (SLA) photocurable resin will result in a cured polymer with increased impact and fatigue resistance. For impact testing, twenty-six total specimens, 13 with nanotubes and 13 without nanotubes, were printed on a Form2 SLA printer. Once all the specimens were printed, washed, and cured, the impact resistance was quantified using a pendulum impact tester using a notched Izod configuration. Similarly, twelve R. R. Moore fatigue specimens were printed, washed, and cured. The specimens with SWCNTs (0.312 ± 0.036 ft lb/in.) had a significantly lower impact resistance compared to the non-SWCNT specimens (0.364 ± 0.055 ft lb/in.), U = 34.0, p = 0.004. Adding SWCNTs also reduced the short cycle fatigue life (i.e., 103) from 3.1 × 5 to 8.8 × 3 psi and increased the endurance limit from 0.4 to 3.0 × 3 psi. If used for creating a foot prosthetic, the non-SWCNT polymer would last 2919 cycles while the SWCNT mixture would last <1 cycle. Therefore, SLA polymers do not yet have the impact and fatigue resistance capabilities to be used for prosthetic feet.

scholarly journals A guideline for 3D printing terminology in biomedical research utilizing ISO/ASTM standards

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy E. Alexander ◽  
Nicole Wake ◽  
Leonid Chepelev ◽  
Philipp Brantner ◽  
Justin Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Physical Object ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Digital File ◽  
Standardized Terminology ◽  
Standard Terms ◽  
The Impact

AbstractFirst patented in 1986, three-dimensional (3D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing or rapid prototyping, now encompasses a variety of distinct technology types where material is deposited, joined, or solidified layer by layer to create a physical object from a digital file. As 3D printing technologies continue to evolve, and as more manuscripts describing these technologies are published in the medical literature, it is imperative that standardized terminology for 3D printing is utilized. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide recommendations for standardized lexicons for 3D printing technologies described in the medical literature. For all 3D printing methods, standard general ISO/ASTM terms for 3D printing should be utilized. Additional, non-standard terms should be included to facilitate communication and reproducibility when the ISO/ASTM terms are insufficient in describing expository details. By aligning to these guidelines, the use of uniform terms for 3D printing and the associated technologies will lead to improved clarity and reproducibility of published work which will ultimately increase the impact of publications, facilitate quality improvement, and promote the dissemination and adoption of 3D printing in the medical community.

Low Velocity Impact Resistance of CPVC Pipes Exposed to Natural Outdoor Weathering Conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 445 ◽  
pp. 959-964
Author(s):  
Z. Khan ◽  
Necar Merah ◽  
A. Bazoune ◽  
S. Furquan
Keyword(s):  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Outdoor Exposure ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Impact Energies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impact Events ◽  
Outdoor Weathering

Low velocity drop weight impact testing of CPVC pipes was conducted on 160 mm long pipe sections obtained from 4-inch (100 mm) diameter schedule 80 pipes. Impact test were carried out for the base (as received) pipes and after their exposure to out door natural weathering conditions in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. The results of the impact testing on the natural (outdoor exposure) broadly suggest that the natural outdoor exposures produce no change in the impact resistance of CPVC pipe material for the impact events carrying low incident energies of 10 and 20J. At the impact energies of 35 and 50J the natural outdoor exposures appear to cause appreciable degradation in the impact resistance of the CPVC pipe material. This degradation is noted only for the longer exposure periods of 12 and 18 months.

scholarly journals Impact Resistance Analysis and Optimization of Variant Truss Beam Structure Based on Material Properties

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 5847
Author(s):  
Xiaohao Li ◽  
Junqi Pan ◽  
Xingchen Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Buffer Effect ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Beam Structure ◽  
The Impact

In order to meet the increasing application requirements with regards to structural impact resistance in industries such as mining, construction, aerospace engineering, and disaster relief and mitigation, this paper designs a variant truss beam structure with a large shrinkage ratio and high impact resistance. Based on the principle of the curved trajectory of scissor mechanisms, this paper conducts a finite element simulation analysis of the impact load on the truss beam structure, a theoretical analysis of the impact response and a relevant prototype bench-top experiment, completing a full study on the impact resistance mechanism of the designed variant truss beam structure under the impact load. In the paper, the buffer effect of the external load impact on the variant truss beam structure is analyzed from the perspective of the energy change of elastic–plastic deformation. This paper proposes an optimization strategy for the variant truss beam structure with the energy absorption rate as the optimization index through extensive analysis of the parameter response surfaces. The strategy integrates analyses on the response characteristic analysis of various configuration materials to obtain an optimal combination of component parameters that ensures that the strength of the truss beam structure meets set requirements. The strategy provides a feasible method with which to verify the effectiveness and impact resistance of a variant truss structure design.

scholarly journals Transfiguring Healthcare: Three-Dimensional Printing in Pharmaceutical Sciences; Trends during COVID-19: A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 207-218
Author(s):  
K. G. Siree ◽  
T. M. Amulya ◽  
T. M. Pramod Kumar ◽  
S. Sowmya ◽  
K. Divith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dimensional Printing ◽  
Shed Light

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a unique technique that allows for a high degree of customisation in pharmacy, dentistry and in designing of medical devices. 3D printing satiates the increasing exigency for consumer personalisation in these fields as custom-made medicines catering to the patients’ requirements are novel advancements in drug therapy. Current research in 3D printing indicates towards reproducing an organ in the form of a chip; paving the way for more studies and opportunities to perfecting the existing technique. In addition, we will also attempt to shed light on the impact of 3D printing in the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Impact Response of Hammerhead Pier Fibrous Concrete Beams Designed with Topology Optimization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meivazhisalai Parasuraman Salaimanimagudam ◽  
Covaty Ravi Suribabu ◽  
Gunasekaran Murali ◽  
Sallal R. Abid
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Adaptive Mesh ◽  
Impact Response ◽  
Adaptive Meshing ◽  
Repeated Impact ◽  
Ductility Ratio ◽  
The Impact

Reducing the weight of concrete beams is a primary (beyond strength and durability) concern of engineers. Therefore, this research was directed to investigate the impact response of hammerhead pier concrete beams designed with density-based method topology optimization. The finite element topology optimization was conducted using Autodesk fusion 360 considering three different mesh sizes of 7 mm, 10 mm, and adaptive meshing. Three optimized hammerhead beam configurations; HB1, HB2, and HB3, respectively, with volume reductions greater than 50 %. In the experimental part of this research, nine beams were cast with identical size and configuration to the optimized beams. Three beams, identical to the optimized beams, were tested under static bending for verification purposes. In comparison, six more beams, as in the preceding three beams but without and with hooked end steel fibers, were tested under repeated impact load. The test results revealed that the highest flexural capacity and impact resistance at crack initiation and failure were recorded for the adaptive mesh beams (HB3 and HB3SF). The failure impact energy and ductility ratio of the beam HB3SF was higher than the beams HB1SF and HB2SF by more than 270 %. The results showed that the inclusion of steel fiber duplicated the optimized beam’s impact strength and ductility several times. The failure impact resistance of fibrous beams was higher than their corresponding plain beams by approximately 2300 to4460 %, while their impact ductility ratios were higher by 6.0 to 18.1 times.

scholarly journals Rapid and Inexpensive Fabrication of Multi-Depth Microfluidic Device using High-Resolution LCD Stereolithographic 3D Printing

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mohamed ◽  
Hitendra Kumar ◽  
Zongjie Wang ◽  
Nicholas Martin ◽  
Barry Mills ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Soft Lithography ◽  
Liquid Crystal Display ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Droplet Generator ◽  
Rapid Fabrication ◽  
Printing System

With the dramatic increment of complexity, more microfluidic devices require 3D structures, such as multi-depth and -layer channels. The traditional multi-step photolithography is time-consuming and labor-intensive and also requires precise alignment during the fabrication of microfluidic devices. Here, we present an inexpensive, single-step, and rapid fabrication method for multi-depth microfluidic devices using a high-resolution liquid crystal display (LCD) stereolithographic (SLA) three-dimensional (3D) printing system. With the pixel size down to 47.25 μm, the feature resolutions in the horizontal and vertical directions are 150 μm and 50 μm, respectively. The multi-depth molds were successfully printed at the same time and the multi-depth features were transferred properly to the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) having multi-depth channels via soft lithography. A flow-focusing droplet generator with a multi-depth channel was fabricated using the presented 3D printing method. Experimental results show that the multi-depth channel could manipulate the morphology and size of droplets, which is desired for many engineering applications. Taken together, LCD SLA 3D printing is an excellent alternative method to the multi-step photolithography for the fabrication of multi-depth microfluidic devices. Taking the advantages of its controllability, cost-effectiveness, and acceptable resolution, LCD SLA 3D printing can have a great potential to fabricate 3D microfluidic devices.

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