Mechanical Analysis of a Thermo-Hydroforming Fiber-Reinforced Composite Using Preferred Fiber Orientation Model and Considering Viscoelastic Properties

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Hyunchul Ahn ◽  
Taejoon Park ◽  
Yumeng Li ◽  
Sang Young Yeo ◽  
Farhang Pourboghrat
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Orientation ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Thermoplastic Composite ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Process Characteristics ◽  
The Matrix

Abstract Thermo-hydroforming (THF) process is a single-step process for thermoplastic composite forming, which has a great advantage in terms of the process time and mass production potential as compared to conventional processes. However, with THF processes, winkles and deformations are easily generated due to the process characteristics and process parameters. In this study, the matrix material was examined by considering viscoelasticity and changes in formability according to the forming speed. A THF analysis was performed based on the preferred fiber orientation (PFO) analysis model, which considers the viscoelasticity of the matrix. The deformation change and molding possibility were examined according to various forming speeds. The viscoelastic PFO model showed better analysis efficiency and stability than the primitive PFO model. This analysis will help improve the process of forming thermoplastic composites.

Functionally Graded Nanocomposites: Manufacturing and Characterization

Aerospace ◽  
2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared A. Rud ◽  
Yuri M. Shkel ◽  
Donald R. Matthys ◽  
Jeffrey P. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Speckle Pattern ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry ◽  
Random Orientation ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Particle Alignment

Multi-walled carbon nanofiber (MWCN) composites having tailored internal structure are created using Field Aided Micro Tailoring (FAiMTa) technology. FAiMTa is a technique that relies on the application of an electric field to a suspension while it cures. The particles in the suspension align in the direction of the electric field while the matrix material hardens, locking the aligned particles in place. The outcome is an orthotropic micro-tailored composite. Three 1% by volume MWCN/epoxy composite systems are manufactured and characterized: (a) random orientation, (b) fibers aligned through the thickness of the sample, and (c) half-aligned through the thickness and half random orientation. Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI) and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) are used to evaluate mechanical material properties as a function of particle alignment. The half aligned sample demonstrates the ability of FAiMTa to locally tailor a material.

Bending performance enhancement by nanoparticles for FFF 3D printed nylon and nylon/Kevlar composites

2020 ◽  
pp. 002199832096352
Author(s):  
Yachao Wang ◽  
Jing Shi ◽  
Zhihui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Bending Performance ◽  
Bending Modulus ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
3D Printed

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) has been a major 3D printing technique for making thermoplastic products for decades. However, FFF printing for thermoplastic composites with aligned continuous fibers has been reported with limited success for only several years. In this study, we introduce an enhanced FFF-based approach by incorporating nanoparticles to the thermoplastic composites with continuous fibers. Our investigation focuses on the bending properties of FFF-printed fiber reinforced composites with and without nanoparticles. With Nylon 6 (PA 6) being the matrix material, nanocomposite filaments are obtained by adding carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene nano platelets (GNPs), or amino (NH2-) functionalized GNPs. Various PA 6 matrix nanocomposite filaments are prepared through mixing and filament extrusion process. The nanocomposite filaments are then 3D printed with or without continuous Kevlar fiber prepreg filaments. For 3D printed pure PA 6, the addition of 1 wt% GNP-NH2 increases the flexural strength and bending modulus by 334% and 315%, respectively. For 3D printed PA 6/Kevlar composite, the addition of 1 wt% GNP-NH2 increases the flexural strength and bending modulus by 195% and 35%, respectively. However, the addition of CNTs or GNPs (up to 1 wt%) is less effective as compared with GNP-NH2. The underlying mechanisms are discussed based on the matrix/fiber interfacial analysis.

Investigation of Fibre Movement in Molten Polymer during Shaping Processes of Thermoplastic Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 611-612 ◽  
pp. 375-381
Author(s):  
Bernd Engel ◽  
Evelyne Soemer ◽  
Holger Foysi ◽  
Fettah Aldudak
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Material ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Resistance Force ◽  
Fibre Reinforcement ◽  
Molten Polymer ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Forming Temperature ◽  
Finite Volume Approach ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
The Impact

In forming processes of thermoplastic composites, the combined forming behaviour of matrix material and fibre reinforcement determines the resulting geometry and structure. These specific characteristics of the components and their interaction vary during the processing steps, especially for the matrix material with change in temperature. During the forming step, the molten thermoplastic polymer exhibits viscoelastic behaviour. Therefore, the fibres encounter resistance if a forming load is applied. The resulting fibre alignment is dependent on the forming temperature, the forming speed, and the time between the release of load and cooling. An investigation into the specific matrix characteristics during the forming step is presented. In the experiments a representing fibre is drawn through a molten polymer specimen under variation of speed and temperature and the resistance force is measured. The experimental findings are compared to numerical results obtained with a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package using a finite volume approach and its ability for the prediction of fibre movement in molten matrix during forming processes is evaluated. In addition, a better understanding of the impact of forming speed and temperature during forming processes due to the characteristics of the molten matrix is obtained.

scholarly journals Energy absorption capability of laminated plates made of fully thermoplastic composite

2018 ◽  
Vol 232 (8) ◽  
pp. 1389-1401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simonetta Boria ◽  
Alessandro Scattina
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Laminated Plates ◽  
Thermoplastic Composite ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Fibre Reinforcement ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Impact

The behaviour of composites materials, made of synthetic fibres embedded in a thermoplastic resin, subjected to low velocity impacts, was largely studied in the past. However, in the last years, the use of thermoplastic composites has been increased due to the considerable advantages in terms of recyclability of this family of materials. Thermoplastic composites are composed of polymers with different material’s structure if compared to the more traditional thermoset composite. Consequently, the behaviour of these materials can be different in some loading conditions. Moreover, considering the wide range of thermoplastic composites that have been developed in the last years, the study of the behaviour of these materials, in case of impact, has not been yet widely analysed, in particular considering materials where both the matrix and the reinforcement are made of thermoplastic. In this perspective, the goal of this work is to study the behaviour of a new thermoplastic composite (PURE thermoplastic) in conditions of low velocity impact. In this material, the matrix and the fibre reinforcement are made of polypropylene both. The paper presents the results of an experimental investigation. In particular, a series of impact tests with a drop dart equipment have been carried out on laminates made of PURE thermoplastic. Laminates with different thicknesses have been taken into consideration. The influence of the impact conditions on the material’s behaviour has been investigated and the capability of energy absorption has been studied. The PURE thermoplastic showed a different behaviour in terms of energy absorption and damage mechanisms if compared to the composites presented in the literature. The thickness of the laminate has had influence on the deformation and the damage mechanism of the specimens: with low thickness, the perforation of the specimen has been obtained, whereas, with the higher thickness, the specimens have shown a ductile behaviour and extended plasticity without crack tip. The contact force between the dart and the specimen has been influenced by the energy level of the impact, but with an opposite trend if compared to that of the composites studied in the literature.

scholarly journals On Consolidation of Powder Impregnated / Sheath Surrounded Thermoplastic Composite Bundles

1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 096369359900800
Author(s):  
F. Haupert ◽  
J. Krebs ◽  
K. Friedrich
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Material ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Filament Winding ◽  
Thermoplastic Composite ◽  
Continuous Processes ◽  
Polymer Powder ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Impregnation Temperature

Processing of composite materials with thermoplastic matrices is very complicated due to the high viscosity of the matrix material. Therefore, the impregnation parameters have to be investigated in order to achieve both a good impregnation of the fibres and a high consolidation quality of the different layers. The aim of the present study was to consolidate tows consisting of polymer powder between glass fibre bundles with a surrounding polymer sheath. Since impregnation was meant to occur under nearly the same conditions as in continuous processes, such as, thermoplastic filament winding or pultrusion, only one or two tows were impregnated during the experiments under defined processing parameters, such as, impregnation temperature, pressure, and time.

scholarly journals Fibre Alignment and Void Assessment in Thermoplastic Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers Manufactured by Automated Tape Placement

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Tamer A. Sebaey ◽  
Mohamed Bouhrara ◽  
Noel O’Dowd
Keyword(s):  
Thermoplastic Composite ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Void Content ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Fibre Distribution ◽  
Thermoset Composites ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Multiple Melting

Automated Tape Placement (ATP) technology is one of the processes that is used for the production of the thermoplastic composite materials. The ATP process is complex, requiring multiple melting/crystallization cycles. In the current paper, laser-assisted ATP was used to manufacture two thermoplastic composites (IM7/PEEK and AS4/PA12). Those specimens were compared to specimens that were made of thermoset polymeric composites (IM7/8552) manufactured while using a standard autoclave cycle. In order assess the quality, void content, fibre distribution, and fibre misalignment were measured. After manufacturing, specimens from the three materials were assessed using optical microscopy and computed tomography (CT) scans. The results showed that, as compared to the thermoset composites, thermoplastics that are manufactured by the ATP have a higher amount of voids. On the other hand, manufacturing using the ATP showed an improvement in both the fibre distribution inside the matrix and the fibre misalignment.

Intraply Shearing Characterization of Thermoplastic Composite Materials in Thermoforming Processes

2012 ◽  
Vol 504-506 ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Wang ◽  
Nahiene Hamila ◽  
Philippe Boisse
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Shear Behavior ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Polyphenylene Sulfide ◽  
Thermoplastic Composite ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Thermoplastic Resin ◽  
Plane Shear ◽  
Significant Difference

The Continuous Fibre Reinforcements and Thermoplastic resin (CFRTP) are widely employed in the prepreg processes. Currently, the most used thermoplastic resins in aeronautics are PPS (polyphenylene sulfide) and PEEK (Polyetheretherketone). They present many advantages on their mechanical properties. However, these mechanical properties depend strongly upon the thermoforming conditions, especially the intraply shearing. In order to improve and complete the understanding about the in-plane shear behavior of thermoplastic composite materials in their forming processes, the thermo-mechanical analysis of PPS/carbon and PEEK/carbon commingled fabrics at different forming temperatures are performed by using the bias-extension tests. The experimental data leads to significant difference on the in-plane shear behavior under different temperature, as well as the wrinkles can be noted in certain thermoforming conditions. Therefore, in order to predict the feasible forming conditions and optimize the important forming parameters of the thermoplastic composites, the in-plan shear behaviors in function of temperature will be integrated into our numerical model to carry out the numerical simulations of thermoforming processes.

Synthesis and Characterization of Hybrid Aluminum Composites Reinforced with Ni Particulates and Interconnected Fe Mesh

2006 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 39-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.L.Eugene Wong ◽  
Manoj Gupta ◽  
C.Y.H. Lim
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Aluminum Matrix ◽  
Hot Extrusion ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Melt Deposition

In this study, pure aluminum reinforced with interconnected galvanized iron mesh and Ni particulates was synthesized using an innovative disintegrated melt deposition technique followed by hot extrusion. Microstructural characterization of composite samples showed uniform distribution of Ni and Al-Ni based intermetallic particulates in the matrix material, good interfacial integrity of aluminum matrix with iron mesh and Ni particulates and the presence of minimal porosity. Results of thermal mechanical analysis indicate a decrease in the average coefficient of thermal expansion of the aluminum matrix with the use of hybrid reinforcements. Mechanical characterization also revealed that the coupled use of galvanized iron mesh and Ni particulates lead to an improvement in the hardness, dynamic modulus, 0.2% yield strength and UTS but ductility was adversely affected. An attempt is made to correlate the use of hybrid reinforcements with the improved properties exhibited by the synthesized composites.

scholarly journals Mechanical Performance of Fused Filament Fabricated and 3D-Printed Polycarbonate Polymer and Polycarbonate/Cellulose Nanofiber Nanocomposites

Fibers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Nectarios Vidakis ◽  
Markos Petousis ◽  
Emmanouil Velidakis ◽  
Mariza Spiridaki ◽  
John D. Kechagias
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Cellulose Nanofiber ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printing Parameters

In this study, nanocomposites were fabricated with polycarbonate (PC) as the matrix material. Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF) at low filler loadings (0.5 wt.% and 1.0 wt.%) was used as the filler. Samples were produced using melt mixing extrusion with the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) process. The optimum 3D-printing parameters were experimentally determined and the required specimens for each tested material were manufactured using FFF 3D printing. Tests conducted for mechanical performance were tensile, flexural, impact, and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) tests, while images of the side and the fracture area of the specimens were acquired using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), aiming to determine the morphology of the specimens and the fracture mechanism. It was concluded that the filler’s ratio addition of 0.5 wt.% created the optimum performance when compared to pure PC and PC CNF 1.0 wt.% nanocomposite material.

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