The Axial Impact Response and Plantar Load Distribution of the Hybrid III and MIL-Lx Under Altered Ankle Postures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia de Lange ◽  
Cheryl Quenneville
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Load Distribution ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Ankle Injuries ◽  
Plantar Surface ◽  
Piezoresistive Sensors ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Foot Injury ◽  
Hybrid Iii

Abstract Foot injuries as a result of automotive collisions are frequent and impactful. Anthropomorphic Test Devices (ATDs), used to assess injury risk during impact scenarios such as motor vehicle collisions, typically assess risk of foot/ankle injuries by analyzing data in tibia load cells. The peak axial force (Fz) and the Tibia Index (TI) are metrics commonly used to evaluate risk of injury to the lower extremity but do not directly account for injury risk to the foot, or the risk of injury associated with out-of-position loading. Two ATDs, the Hybrid III lower leg and the Military Lower Extremity (MIL-Lx), were exposed to axial impacts at seven different ankle postures. An array of piezoresistive sensors located on the insole of a boot was employed during these tests to assess the load distribution variations among postures and between ATD models on the plantar surface of the foot. Both posture and ATD model affected the load distribution on the foot, highlighting the need for regional injury risk assessments in this vulnerable anatomical region. The increase in forefoot loading during plantarflexion was not reflected in the standard industry metrics of Fz or TI, suggesting that increased fracture risk to the forefoot would not be detected. The variations in load distribution between the models could also alter injury risk assessment in frontal collisions based on differences in attenuation. These data could be used for regional foot injury assessment and to inform the design of an improved ATD foot.

scholarly journals Developing predictive models for return to work using the Military Power, Performance and Prevention (MP3) musculoskeletal injury risk algorithm: a study protocol for an injury risk assessment programme

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel I Rhon ◽  
Deydre S Teyhen ◽  
Scott W Shaffer ◽  
Stephen L Goffar ◽  
Kyle Kiesel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Return To Work ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injury ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injuries ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Risk Algorithm

BackgroundMusculoskeletal injuries are a primary source of disability in the US Military, and low back pain and lower extremity injuries account for over 44% of limited work days annually. History of prior musculoskeletal injury increases the risk for future injury. This study aims to determine the risk of injury after returning to work from a previous injury. The objective is to identify criteria that can help predict likelihood for future injury or re-injury.MethodsThere will be 480 active duty soldiers recruited from across four medical centres. These will be patients who have sustained a musculoskeletal injury in the lower extremity or lumbar/thoracic spine, and have now been cleared to return back to work without any limitations. Subjects will undergo a battery of physical performance tests and fill out sociodemographic surveys. They will be followed for a year to identify any musculoskeletal injuries that occur. Prediction algorithms will be derived using regression analysis from performance and sociodemographic variables found to be significantly different between injured and non-injured subjects.DiscussionDue to the high rates of injuries, injury prevention and prediction initiatives are growing. This is the first study looking at predicting re-injury rates after an initial musculoskeletal injury. In addition, multivariate prediction models appear to have move value than models based on only one variable. This approach aims to validate a multivariate model used in healthy non-injured individuals to help improve variables that best predict the ability to return to work with lower risk of injury, after a recent musculoskeletal injury.Trial registration numberNCT02776930.

scholarly journals Lower Extremity Flexibility Profile in Basketball Players: Gender Differences and Injury Risk Identification

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11956
Author(s):  
Antonio Cejudo
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Hip Flexion

Analysis of the flexibility profile of basketball players (BPs) can reveal differences in range of motion (ROM) by gender and also identify those players who are at higher risk for sports injuries. A descriptive observational study was conducted to determine the lower extremity flexibility profile of sixty-four basketball players and gender differences to identify players at higher risk of injury due to limited and asymmetric ROM in one or more movements. Participants: Sixty-four (33 male and 31 female) competitive athletes from the national leagues of the Spanish basketball league system participated in the present study (power of sample size ≥0.99). The eight passive ROM tests of the hip, knee and ankle were assessed using the ROM-SPORT battery. Each player completed a questionnaire on age, basic anthropometric data, dominant extremities, and training and sport-related variables. The lower extremity flexibility profile was established at 15° and 10° hip extension (HE), 39° and 38° ankle dorsiflexion with knee extended (ADF-KE), 40° and 39° ankle dorsiflexion with knee flexed (ADF-KF), 43° and 43° hip abduction (HAB), 75° and 61° hip abduction with the hip flexed (HAB-HF), 78° and 83° hip flexion with the knee extended (HF-KE), 134° and 120° knee flexion (KF), and 145° and 144° hip flexion (HF) by male and female basketball players, respectively. Sex differences in HE, HAB-HF, and KF were observed in BPs (p ≤ 0.01; Hedges’ g ≥ 1.04). Players reported limited ROM in ADF-KF, HE, HAB-HF, HF-KE, and KF; and asymmetric ROM mainly in HE, ADF-KE, KF, ADF-KF, and HF-KE. In conclusion, this study provides gender-specific lower extremity flexibility profile scores in BPs that can help athletic trainers and athletic and conditioning trainers to identify those players who are at higher risk of injury due to abnormal ROM scores.

scholarly journals Association between frontal plane knee control and lower extremity injuries: a prospective study on young team sport athletes

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu M Räisänen ◽  
Kati Pasanen ◽  
Tron Krosshaug ◽  
Tommi Vasankari ◽  
Pekka Kannus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Ankle Injuries ◽  
Lower Extremity Injury ◽  
Lower Extremity Injuries ◽  
Extremity Injuries

Background/aimPoor frontal plane knee control can manifest as increased dynamic knee valgus during athletic tasks. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between frontal plane knee control and the risk of acute lower extremity injuries. In addition, we wanted to study if the single-leg squat (SLS) test can be used as a screening tool to identify athletes with an increased injury risk.MethodsA total of 306 basketball and floorball players participated in the baseline SLS test and a 12-month injury registration follow-up. Acute lower extremity time-loss injuries were registered. Frontal plane knee projection angles (FPKPA) during the SLS were calculated using a two-dimensional video analysis.ResultsAthletes displaying a high FPKPA were 2.7 times more likely to sustain a lower extremity injury (adjusted OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.23 to 5.83) and 2.4 times more likely to sustain an ankle injury (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.13 to 4.98). There was no statistically significant association between FPKPA and knee injury (OR 1.49, 95% CI 0.56 to 3.98). The receiver operating characteristic curve analyses indicated poor combined sensitivity and specificity when FPKPA was used as a screening test for lower extremity injuries (area under the curve of 0.59) and ankle injuries (area under the curve of 0.58).ConclusionsAthletes displaying a large FPKPA in the SLS test had an elevated risk of acute lower extremity and ankle injuries. However, the SLS test is not sensitive and specific enough to be used as a screening tool for future injury risk.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal mapping of major trauma in Victoria, Australia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Beck ◽  
Andrew Zammit-Mangion ◽  
Richard Fry ◽  
Karen Smith ◽  
Belinda Gabbe
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Major Trauma ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Spatiotemporal Modelling ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Over Time

Background: Spatiotemporal modelling techniques allow one to predict injury across time and space. However, such methods have been underutilised in injury studies. This study demonstrates the use of statistical spatiotemporal modelling in identifying areas of significantly high injury risk, and areas witnessing significantly increasing risk over time. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of hospitalised major trauma patients from the Victorian State Trauma Registry, Australia, between 2007 and 2019. Geographical locations of injury events were mapped to the 79 local government areas (LGAs) in the state. We employed Bayesian spatiotemporal models to quantify spatial and temporal patterns, and analysed the results across a range of geographical remoteness and socioeconomic levels. Results: There were 31,317 major trauma patients included. For major trauma overall, we observed substantial spatial variation in injury incidence and a significant 2.1% increase in injury incidence per year. Area-specific risk of injury by motor vehicle collision was higher in regional areas relative to metropolitan areas, while risk of injury by low fall was higher in metropolitan areas. Significant temporal increases were observed in injury by low fall, and the greatest increases were observed in the most disadvantaged LGAs. Conclusions: These findings can be used to inform injury prevention initiatives, which could be designed to target areas with relatively high injury risk and with significantly increasing injury risk over time. Our finding that the greatest year-on-year increases in injury incidence were observed in the most disadvantaged areas highlights the need for a greater emphasis on reducing inequities in injury.

Use of Upper and Lower Neck Load Cell Data From the Hybrid III Dummy to Assess Whiplash Injury Risk

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liming Voo ◽  
Michael Kleinberger ◽  
Andrew Merkle
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Vehicle Safety ◽  
Rear Impact ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Motor Vehicle Safety

Whiplash associated disorders (WAD) of the neck continue to represent a significant societal problem with associated costs estimated at over $5 billion annually. Recent dramatic increases in whiplash-related research has produced some interesting new findings related to its injury mechanism. It has been shown in human volunteer and cadaver experiments that the human head-neck structure often exhibits a transient S-shape during the initial kinematic response (Grauer et al. 1997; Luan et al. 2000; Ono et al. 1997; Yoganandan et al. 1998). Such a finding has significant impact on the injury risk assessment using the instrumented anthropomorphic test dummies in vehicular or sled testing. Unlike the recently developed dummy necks for rear impact testing, such as BioRID and TRID, the Hybrid III neck does not exhibit an S-shape curvature or the so-call “retraction” motion in rear impact testing. Numerous studies have reported that the Hybrid III neck is too stiff for low-speed rear impact testing (Svensson et al. 2000; Yoshida and Tsutsumi, 2001). Nevertheless, the Hybrid III is still being used for motor vehicle safety evaluation in rear impact as it is the only dummy neck that has been incorporated in the US Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS).

Foot and Ankle Injuries in Motor Vehicle Accidents

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 649-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynnford S. Wilson ◽  
Mark S. Mizel ◽  
James D. Michelson
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Ankle Injuries ◽  
Relative Risk Ratio ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Air Bags

Background: We studied foot and ankle (F/A) injuries that occurred in motor vehicle accidents treated in a Level 1 trauma center. Methods: The records of F/A injuries of 2248 consecutive orthopedic patients were reviewed to find foot and ankle injuries. Results: Pilon fractures were common. Motor Vehicle Accident (MVA) occupants with F/A injuries had a higher injury Severity Score than those without (17.9 vs. 11.6, p <. 001). MVA F/A injury risk was higher without restraint [relative risk ratio (rrr) 1.68, p <. 0032] than with restraint except for air bagged drivers who were similar to unrestrained drivers (rrr 1.18, p > .05, NS). Conclusion: Patients with F/A injuries may have serious associated injuries. Air bags may not protect feet.

scholarly journals Rideshare use among parents and their children

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnathon P. Ehsani ◽  
Jeffrey P. Michael ◽  
Andrea Gielen
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
College Education ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Legal Guardian ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Restraint Use ◽  
Child Restraint ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Child Restraint System

AbstractMotor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for young children. Millions of ridesharing trips are taken each day, and use of these services is predicted to increase. Therefore, it is important to examine the safety of children in these vehicles. We conducted a survey of a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults aged 18 years or older (N = 2017). Of the total sample, 450 respondents reported being a parent or legal guardian of children below the age of 10. Of these, 307 or 68% had ever used ridesharing. Among those who had used ridesharing, a total of 253 or 82% reported using ridesharing with their children below the age of 10 years. Among this group, rideshare use was significantly higher among individuals with college education, and in higher income households. Given that the majority of U.S. states have legislation exempting rideshare vehicles from child restraint system law coverage, our finding of high rates of rideshare use among parents suggests that a large number of children could be at risk of injury due to a lack of appropriate restraint use.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Dynamic Balance and Jumping Tests among Adolescent Amateur Rugby Players. A Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 312
Author(s):  
Bartosz Wilczyński ◽  
Jakub Hinca ◽  
Daniel Ślęzak ◽  
Katarzyna Zorena
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Counter Movement Jump ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rugby Players

Rugby is a demanding contact sport. In light of research, poor balance, reduced jumping ability, muscle strength, and incorrect landing patterns might contribute to the increased risk of injury in athletes. Investigating the relationship between tests assessing these abilities might not only allow for the skillful programming of preventive training but also helps in assessing the risk of injury to athletes. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between dynamic balance, vertical and horizontal jumps, and jump-landings movement patterns. Thirty-one healthy amateur adolescent rugby players (age: 14.3 ± 1.6 years, height 171.4 ± 9.7 cm, body mass 80 ± 26 kg) participated in the study. Data were collected by the Y-balance Test (YBT), Counter Movement Jump (CMJ), Single Leg Hop for Distance (SLHD), and Landing Error Score System (LESS). Significant positive correlations were found between SLHD both legs (SLHDb) and YBT Composite both legs (COMb) (r = 0.51, p = 0.0037) and between SLHDb and CMJ (r = 0.72, p < 0.0001). A relationship was also observed between the CMJ and YBT COMb test (r = 0.51, p = 0.006). Moderate positive correlations were found between the dominant legs in SLHD and the posterolateral (r = 0.40, p = 0.027), posteromedial (r = 0.43, p = 0.014), and composite (r = 0.48, p = 0.006) directions of the YBT. These results indicate that variables that are dependent on each other can support in the assessment of injury-risk and in enhancing sports performance of young athletes.

scholarly journals Protection Against Spikes in Workload With Aerobic Fitness and Playing Experience: The Role of the Acute:Chronic Workload Ratio on Injury Risk in Elite Gaelic Football

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Malone ◽  
Mark Roe ◽  
Dominic A. Doran ◽  
Tim J. Gabbett ◽  
Kieran D. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Injury Protection

Purpose:To examine the association between combined session rating of perceived exertion (RPE) workload measures and injury risk in elite Gaelic footballers.Methods:Thirty-seven elite Gaelic footballers (mean ± SD age 24.2 ± 2.9 y) from 1 elite squad were involved in a single-season study. Weekly workload (session RPE multiplied by duration) and all time-loss injuries (including subsequent-wk injuries) were recorded during the period. Rolling weekly sums and wk-to-wk changes in workload were measured, enabling the calculation of the acute:chronic workload ratio by dividing acute workload (ie, 1-weekly workload) by chronic workload (ie, rolling-average 4-weekly workload). Workload measures were then modeled against data for all injuries sustained using a logistic-regression model. Odds ratios (ORs) were reported against a reference group.Results:High 1-weekly workloads (≥2770 arbitrary units [AU], OR = 1.63–6.75) were associated with significantly higher risk of injury than in a low-training-load reference group (<1250 AU). When exposed to spikes in workload (acute:chronic workload ratio >1.5), players with 1 y experience had a higher risk of injury (OR = 2.22) and players with 2–3 (OR = 0.20) and 4–6 y (OR = 0.24) of experience had a lower risk of injury. Players with poorer aerobic fitness (estimated from a 1-km time trial) had a higher injury risk than those with higher aerobic fitness (OR = 1.50–2.50). An acute:chronic workload ratio of (≥2.0) demonstrated the greatest risk of injury.Conclusions:These findings highlight an increased risk of injury for elite Gaelic football players with high (>2.0) acute:chronic workload ratios and high weekly workloads. A high aerobic capacity and playing experience appears to offer injury protection against rapid changes in workload and high acute:chronic workload ratios. Moderate workloads, coupled with moderate to high changes in the acute:chronic workload ratio, appear to be protective for Gaelic football players.

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