Investigation on the thermal management performance of a parallel liquid cooling structure for prismatic batteries

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Zhiguo Tang ◽  
Zhiqing Liu ◽  
Renchen Zhao ◽  
Jianping Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Parallel Structure ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Original Structure ◽  
Heat Conducting ◽  
Liquid Cooling ◽  
Management Performance ◽  
Lower Region ◽  
Battery Module

Abstract Liquid-based battery thermal management system is commonly applied to commercial electric vehicles. Current research on the liquid-cooling structure of prismatic batteries is generally focused on microchannel cooling plates, while studies on the discrete tubes are limited. In this paper, a parallel liquid cooling structure based on heat-conducting plates and cooling tubes is proposed, with computational fluid dynamics employed to investigate the cooling performance of the structure. Two different optimization schemes are then put forward, and the effects of the coolant inlet velocity and temperature on the thermal management performance of the structures are explored. Compared with the previous series structures for the same battery module, the parallel structure can significantly reduce the pressure drop and flow resistance loss. The gradient structures increasing the parallel round tube inner diameters were able to reduce the pressure drop, while the heat transfer was slightly enhanced. Changing the contact mode between the heat-conducting plates and the square cooling tubes could effectively improve the temperature uniformity of the battery module, particularly for structures with no contact between the lower region of the first plate and the cooling square tube. Based on the gradual increase in the inner diameter of the round tubes, the structure of breaking the contact between the lower region of the first plate and the cooling square tube was able to reduce the maximum temperature difference in the battery module within 3°C by 41.12% and the pressure drop by 26.28% compared to the original structure.

A comparative study between air cooling and liquid cooling thermal management systems for a high-energy lithium-ion battery module

2021 ◽  
Vol 198 ◽  
pp. 117503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Akbarzadeh ◽  
Theodoros Kalogiannis ◽  
Joris Jaguemont ◽  
Lu Jin ◽  
Hamidreza Behi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Liquid Cooling ◽  
Battery Module

scholarly journals Thermal Performance of a Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Battery Module Cooled by Two-Phase Refrigerant Circulation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 8094
Author(s):  
Bichao Lin ◽  
Jiwen Cen ◽  
Fangming Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Battery Thermal Management ◽  
Thermal Management System ◽  
Battery Thermal Management System ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Battery Module

It is important for the safety and good performance of a Li-ion battery module/pack to have an efficient thermal management system. In this paper, a battery thermal management system with a two-phase refrigerant circulated by a pump was developed. A battery module consisting of 240 18650-type Li-ion batteries was fabricated based on a finned-tube heat-exchanger structure. This structural design offers the potential to reduce the weight of the battery thermal management system. The cooling performance of the battery module was experimentally studied under different charge/discharge C-rates and with different refrigerant circulation pump operation frequencies. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the cooling system. It was found that the refrigerant-based battery thermal management system could maintain the battery module maximum temperature under 38 °C and the temperature non-uniformity within 2.5 °C for the various operation conditions considered. The experimental results with 0.5 C charging and a US06 drive cycle showed that the thermal management system could reduce the maximum temperature difference in the battery module from an initial value of 4.5 °C to 2.6 °C, and from the initial 1.3 °C to 1.1 °C, respectively. In addition, the variable pump frequency mode was found to be effective at controlling the battery module, functioning at a desirable constant temperature and at the same time minimizing the pump work consumption.

Battery Thermal Management System Design: Role of Influence of Nanofluids, Flow Directions, and Channels

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Srinivaas ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Akhil Garg ◽  
Xiongbin Peng ◽  
Liang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Management System ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Temperature Deviation ◽  
Battery Thermal Management ◽  
Thermal Management System ◽  
Battery Thermal Management System

Abstract Lithium-ion batteries are currently being produced and used in large quantities in the automobile sector as a clean alternative to fossil fuels. The thermal behavior of the battery pack is a very important criterion, which is not only essential for safety but also has an equally important role in the capacity and life cycle of the batteries. The liquid battery thermal management system is a very efficient type of thermal management system, and mini-channel-based liquid cooling systems are one of the most popular type of the battery thermal management system and have been researched extensively. This paper mainly intends to study the effects of tapering, the addition of grooves to the channel, the use of different nanofluids, and the flow direction of coolant on the thermal performance of the battery pack using a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model. The results suggest that converging channels can be used to control the temperature rise, while diverging channels can be used to control the temperature deviation. The addition of grooves and the use of nanofluids were beneficial in reducing the temperature rise. The final setups were able to reduce the maximum temperature rise by 2.267 K with a substantial pressure drop increase and by 1.513 K with an increase in pressure drop of only 19.92%.

Optimization for Liquid Cooling Cylindrical Battery Thermal Management System Based on Gaussian Process Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Akhil Garg ◽  
Mi Xiao ◽  
Liang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Gaussian Process ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Liquid Cooling ◽  
Battery Thermal Management ◽  
Thermal Management System ◽  
Battery Thermal Management System ◽  
Gp Model

Abstract The power of electric vehicles (EVs) comes from lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). LIBs are sensitive to temperature. Too high and too low temperatures will affect the performance and safety of EVs. Therefore, a stable and efficient battery thermal management system (BTMS) is essential for an EV. This article has conducted a comprehensive study on liquid-cooled BTMS. Two cooling schemes are designed: the serpentine channel and the U-shaped channel. The results show that the cooling effect of two schemes is roughly the same, but the U-shaped channel can significantly decrease the pressure drop (PD) loss. The U-shaped channel is parameterized and modeled. A machine learning method called the Gaussian process (GP) model has been used to express the outputs such as temperature difference, temperature standard deviation, and pressure drop. A multi-objective optimization model is established using GP models, and the NSGA-II method is employed to drive the optimization process. The optimized scheme is compared with the initial design. The main findings are summarized as follows: the velocity of cooling water v decreases from 0.3 m/s to 0.22 m/s by 26.67%. Pressure drop decreases from 431.40 Pa to 327.11 Pa by 24.18%. The optimized solution has a significant reduction in pressure drop and helps to reduce parasitic power. The proposed method can provide a useful guideline for the liquid cooling design of large-scale battery packs.

Structure Optimization of Battery Module With a Parallel Multi-Channel Liquid Cooling Plate Based on Orthogonal Test

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaofeng Pan ◽  
Qiming Tang ◽  
Zhigang He ◽  
Limei Wang ◽  
Long Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Plate Thickness ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Orthogonal Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Liquid Cooling ◽  
Cooling Plate ◽  
Battery Module

Abstract In order to keep the power battery work within an ideal temperature range for the electric vehicle, the liquid cooling plate with parallel multi-channels is designed, and a three-dimensional thermal model of battery module with the liquid cooling plate is established. Subsequently, the effects of the cooling plate thickness and the cooling pipe thickness, channel number and coolant mass flow rate on the cooling performance of battery modules are analyzed. The results show that four parameters of the cooling plate have an important role in the thermal behavior of the liquid-cooled battery system. It is not good to improve the performance of the cooling system by changing only certain parameters. The four factors discussed above are optimized by using orthogonal test according to the univariate analysis. With the use of the orthogonal test, the optimization model obtained is obviously enhanced in the aspect of maximum temperature control and temperature uniformity of liquid-cooled battery module. Results show that the three-dimensional thermal analysis and orthogonal test method are compatible with optimal design of liquid-cooled battery modules.

Thermal Management of a Li-Ion Battery for Electric Vehicles Using PCM and Water-Cooling Board

2019 ◽  
Vol 814 ◽  
pp. 307-313
Author(s):  
Gu Yu Yu ◽  
Sum Wai Chiang ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Hong Da Du
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Management ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Optimum Operating Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperature Difference ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Battery Module

A novel thermal management system (TMS) for Li-ion battery module using phase change material (PCM) and cooling water as the heat dissipation source to control battery temperature rise has been developed. Graphite sheets were applied to compensate low thermal conductivity of battery and PCM and improve temperature uniformity of the batteries. One discharge (1C rate)-charge (2C rate) circle was applied in battery modules to test the effectiveness of this TMS. A three dimensional numerical model of the battery module with the TMS was conducted. The results show that this TMS basically meets the demand about the maximum temperature difference of battery module and totally keeps the maximum temperature within the optimum operating temperature range (≤45°C).

Channel Size Optimization for 3D-IC Integrated Interlayer Microchannel Liquid Cooling

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Ma ◽  
G. D. Xia ◽  
W. Wang ◽  
X. F. Li ◽  
Y. T. Jia
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Rectangular Channel ◽  
Channel Structure ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Liquid Cooling ◽  
3D Ic ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Contraction Ratio

3D-IC is getting increasingly attractive, as it improves speed and frequency, and reduces power consumption, noise and latency. However, three dimension (3D) integration technologies bring a new serious challenge to chip thermal management with the power density increased exponentially. Interlayer microchannel liquid cooling is thought as a promising and scalable solution for cooling high heat flux 3D-IC. In this paper, firstly channel number, channel width and height parameters of rectangular channel are optimized by the method of multi-objective parameter optimization under given overall size of 5mm in length and 5mm in width. The results show the total thermal resistances can reach very small under individual constraint condition of volume flow rates, but the pressure drop is too larger to accept. The minimum thermal resistance structure can be got by multi-objective optimization at various constraint conditions. It is found that the channel height and width increase with increasing of flow rates at pumping power less than 0.1W and pressure drop less than 20kPa. Secondly, the zigzag channels are designed on the basis of the optimized rectangular channel structure. The expansion and contraction ratio as an important parameter is optimized by numerical simulation. The thermal enhancement factor and Nusselt number measure the comprehensive performances of heat transfer. The results show heat transfer characteristic is enhanced with the decreasing of expansion and contraction ratio. Besides, the maximum junction temperature and maximum temperature difference are also reduced. 3D-IC with wave channel of β=3/7 is more promising for interlayer cooling.

scholarly journals Thermal Analysis and Improvements of the Power Battery Pack with Liquid Cooling for Electric Vehicles

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 3045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia ◽  
Liu ◽  
Huang ◽  
Yang ◽  
Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Management ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Liquid Cooling ◽  
Power Battery ◽  
Reference Design

In order to ensure thermal safety and extended cycle life of Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) used in electric vehicles (EVs), a typical thermal management scheme was proposed as a reference design for the power battery pack. Through the development of the model for theoretical analysis and numerical simulation combined with the thermal management test bench, the designed scheme could be evaluated. In particular, the three-dimensional transient thermal model was used as the type of model. The test result verified the accuracy and the rationality of the model, but it also showed that the reference design could not reach the qualified standard of thermal performance of the power battery pack. Based on the heat dissipation strategy of liquid cooling, a novel improved design solution was proposed. The results showed that the maximum temperature of the power battery pack dropped by 1 °C, and the temperature difference was reduced by 2 °C, which improved the thermal performance of the power battery pack and consequently provides guidance for the design of the battery thermal management system (BTMS).

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation on Thermal Management of Electric Vehicle Battery Module with Paraffin/Expanded Graphite Composite Phase Change Material

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangyun Zhang ◽  
Xinxi Li ◽  
Fengqi He ◽  
Jieshan He ◽  
Zhaoda Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Material ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Expanded Graphite ◽  
Peak Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Composite Phase Change Material ◽  
Change Material ◽  
Battery Module

The temperature has to be controlled adequately to maintain the electric vehicles (EVs) within a safety range. Using paraffin as the heat dissipation source to control the temperature rise is developed. And the expanded graphite (EG) is applied to improve the thermal conductivity. In this study, the paraffin and EG composite phase change material (PCM) was prepared and characterized. And then, the composite PCM have been applied in the 42110 LiFePO4 battery module (48 V/10 Ah) for experimental research. Different discharge rate and pulse experiments were carried out at various working conditions, including room temperature (25°C), high temperature (35°C), and low temperature (−20°C). Furthermore, in order to obtain the practical loading test data, a battery pack with the similar specifications by 2S∗2P with PCM-based modules were installed in the EVs for various practical road experiments including the flat ground, 5°, 10°, and 20° slope. Testing results indicated that the PCM cooling system can control the peak temperature under 42°C and balance the maximum temperature difference within 5°C. Even in extreme high-discharge pulse current process, peak temperature can be controlled within 50°C. The aforementioned results exhibit that PCM cooling in battery thermal management has promising advantages over traditional air cooling.

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