A Computable Framework to Efficiently Design Both Current and Robotic Legged Landers for Extraterrestrial Exploration Mission

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Youcheng Han ◽  
Weizhong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Truss Structures ◽  
Design Framework ◽  
Creative Development ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Physical Prototype ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Design Paradigm ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Exploration Mission

Abstract Current legged landers are typical truss structures acting as one type of fundamental equipments for the close-range extraterrestrial exploration missions. Unluckily, the development process applying the current design framework always consumes a long time-span searching for the final design, accompanying masses of trial and error with inefficiency and diseconomy. Its kernel reason is that the stages from concept to scheme employ the paradigm of structural-analysis oriented redesign, and untimely embeds physical prototype experiments in masses of iterative design cycles. Furthermore, the current framework cannot support the creative development of future legged landers with novel concepts & mechanisms. Herein, we present a complete computable design framework for speeding up the development of both current and future legged landers, highlighted by new mathematical models and new principles of forward-design paradigm and multi-mode synergistic design paradigm to apply the numerical prototype simulation instead of the physical prototype experiment in most of iterative processes. This work will facilitate the extraterrestrial exploration missions using the current legged landers (truss-based) and the future legged lander (robot-based).

scholarly journals Form Deconstruction of Chinese Contemporary Landscape Architecture-Take the Design of Wuhan University of Technology Innovation and Entrepreneurship Park as an Example

2021 ◽  
Vol 236 ◽  
pp. 05026
Author(s):  
Zhe Zou ◽  
Ting Gan ◽  
Xiduo Yi
Keyword(s):  
Living Environment ◽  
The West ◽  
Cultural Connotation ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
Man And Nature ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Design Paradigm ◽  
Spatial Consciousness ◽  
The Aesthetic

There are several differences in architectural forms and cultural systems between the east and the west, which are attributed to different traditional philosophical ontologies. China takes "Tao" as its ideological basis emphasizes: "Nothing". Chinese fundamental principles are deeply related to philosophy and metaphysics. Traditional culture pursues spiritual connotations. Inversely, the west regards "Logos" as the origin of the world. This emphasizes the "being", with fundamental principles based in geometry, mathematics and science. The west has established a scientific spatial consciousness since the beginning of the Renaissance. It is based on mathematical relations and geometric principles, and focused on the pursuit of matter. "Logos" is an important aspect of Western philosophy, meaning that the “center”, the “source” or the “truth”, is a transcendental "presence." Pythagorean's mathematical theory and Plato's "rational" thinking are ultimately a variant of "Logos". The external imitation of nature in western classical gardens aims to explore the essence of nature. The separation of subject and object as the fundamental formula of Western philosophical epistemology has made mankind dominating nature for a long time. It leads to the deterioration of our living environment. Deconstructive philosophical thought is the subversion and criticism of the "Logos centralism" since ancient Greece. It eliminates the sense of "center" and the "subject-object dichotomy", which is the process of transforming "being" to "nothing". "Anthropocentrism" is disintegrated, when people and nature re-entered in an equal dialogue and symbiosis. Therefore, the symbiotic relationship between man and nature has been reshaped by the spirit of deconstruction. This is highly compatible with the ideological concept of "harmony between man and nature". The cultural spirit of harmony is precious in Chinese traditional philosophy. Taking the design project of the Innovation Pioneer Park of Wuhan University of Technology as a casestudy, this paper analyses the morphological deconstruction characteristics and their cultural connotation to contemporary Chinese courtyard spaces. It explores a design language and method that breaks through the traditional thinking paradigm, bridging it to characteristics of a particular era as well as the aesthetic appeal. This is not a universal design paradigm, but an exploratory series of philosophical speculative processes, which in turn can inform a dynamic and sustainable development. It shows ideological essence of reminiscent of culture and spirit of the traditional Chinese landscape. Contemporary people’s world views should be manifest. By doing so, it becomes a conceptual, radiant and pioneering Chinese cultural spiritual symbol in a chaotic contemporary society.

A User-Driven Design Framework for Coupled-Serial-Chain Mechanism Synthesis for Assisting Sit-to-Stand Motion

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liuxian Zhu ◽  
Hao Lv ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Xiaofei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Rehabilitation Robot ◽  
Design Framework ◽  
Chain Mechanism ◽  
Mechanism Synthesis ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Serial Chain ◽  
Assistive Robot ◽  
Physical Prototype ◽  
Natural Movement ◽  
Human Joints

Abstract This paper presents a novel coupled-serial-chain (CSC) mechanism based multifunctional rehabilitation robot to assist the patients with lower-limb disability in their sit-to-stand (STS) movement. The CSC mechanism is constructed by coupling the joint rotations of a multilink serial chain with gears and operates by following the natural movement of human joints and limbs during the STS motion. The goal is to design an ergonomic and lightweight assistive robot with CSC mechanism that helps minimize the patient's joint/muscle strength and requires the least number of external actuators. A user-driven design framework is proposed to synthesize the CSC mechanism with type and dimensions personalized to the hip trajectory of an individual user. An example CSC mechanism is generated and verified by virtual prototyping and simulation. A physical prototype of the mechanism is built, which will be tested on the human subject to evaluate its maneuverability and physical compatibility with the subject's STS movement.

Schooled by Wren, or a School by Wren? The Conception and Design of Christ’s Hospital Writing School, London

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 87-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Foxall
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
School Building ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Christopher Wren ◽  
School Movement

On 2 March 1692, Sir Christopher Wren visited the governors of Christ’s Hospital in London, bringing with him a design for a new writing school to be erected on the Hospital’s Newgate Street site. Seven drawings for the school building survive in the Wren collection at All Souls College, Oxford. However, rather than suggesting Wren’s authorship, these drawings are customarily attributed to his pupil and long-time assistant, Nicholas Hawksmoor. It is generally accepted that Hawksmoor received delegated commissions from Wren by at least the early 1690s, but, although the draughtsmanship and stylistic evidence of the Writing School drawings suggest consistency with this interpretation, the surviving documentary evidence by no means proves Hawksmoor’s involvement. In fact, Wren’s name appears no less than thirteen times in the surviving Hospital minutes of 1691 to 1696, while Hawksmoor is never mentioned.The Writing School designs are briefly described in most architectural histories of the period, although they are considered remarkable more for heralding a shift in architectural taste than for the building shown in the drawings or for the social and ideological impulses that impelled its creation. This article considers the Writing School in the context of contemporary debates and anxieties concerning the provision of education for the poor, and within the wider sphere of late seventeenth-century charity-school building. Wren’s involvement is considered in relation to his philanthropic interest in the charity-school movement. The article concludes with an analysis of the designs and building history of the Writing School, and, on the basis of previously unpublished eighteenth- and nineteenth-century graphic sources, discounts Giles Worsley’s suggestion that Hawksmoor added a pediment to the final design. Wren and Hawksmoor’s specific responsibilities for the conception, design and execution of the building are considered, and it is argued that, although Hawksmoor was responsible for most of the surviving drawings relating to the project, Wren directed the process, taking responsibility for all designs produced in his office and claiming authorship for the drawings produced.

scholarly journals Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras With Reduced Off-targets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuan M Nguyen ◽  
Arghya Deb ◽  
Praveen Kokkonda ◽  
Vedagopuram Sreekanth ◽  
Praveen K Tiwari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Protein Degradation ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution ◽  
Aromatic Substitution ◽  
E3 Ligases ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Design Paradigm

Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs), a class of heterobifunctional molecules that recruit target proteins to E3 ligases, have gained traction for targeted protein degradation. However, pomalidomide, a widely used E3 ligase recruiter in PROTACs, can independently degrade other targets, such as zinc-finger (ZF) proteins, that hold key functions in normal development and disease progression. This off-target degradation of pomalidomide-based PROTACs raises concerns about their therapeutic applicability and long-term side effects. Therefore, there is a crucial need to develop rules for PROTAC design that minimize off-target degradation. In this study, we developed a high-throughput platform that interrogates the off-target degradation of ZF domains and discovered, using this platform, that PROTACs with the current design paradigm induce significant degradation of several ZF proteins. To identify new rules for PROTAC design, we generated a rationalized library of pomalidomide analogs with distinct exit vector modifications on the C4 and C5 positions of the phthalimide ring and profiled their propensities for ZF protein degradation. We found that modifications on the C5 position with nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reduce off-target ZF degradation. We applied our newfound design principles on a previously developed ALK oncoprotein-targeting PROTAC and generated PROTACs with enhanced potency and minimal off-target degradation. We envision the reported off-target profiling platform and pomalidomide analogs will find utility in the design of specific PROTACs.

A Testbed to Support Collaboration Among Distributed Designers for Reverse Engineering, Re-Engineering and Fast Manufacturing

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahed Siddique ◽  
Kuang-Hua Chang ◽  
Zhiqiang Chen ◽  
Mangesh Edke
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Technical Data ◽  
Solid Models ◽  
Advanced Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Physical Prototype ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Commercial Off The Shelf ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

This paper presents development of a testbed to support collaboration among a set of distributed engineers to reverse, re-engineer, and fast manufacture (RRF) components for aging aircrafts. This testbed allows a geographically distributed team to work on a design task both synchronously and asynchronously. Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) software tools and equipment that support the RRF process have been identified, evaluated, and tested. An integration framework has also been developed and employed to create an RRF testbed. This testbed constructed using COTS software and equipment supports three major engineering tasks: the reverse engineering that supports recovering of technical data from worn sample parts, re-engineering that alters design for better performance or lower cost, and fast prototyping that incorporates advanced manufacturing technologies to produce functional or physical prototype of the part in small quantity in a short turnaround time. Traditional reverse engineering projects are ad-hoc, usually takes relatively long time to generate solid models from physical parts. The developed testbed utilizes commercial software to accomplish reverse engineering, re-engineer and fast manufacture using a systematic approach. A number of examples obtained from logistics centers have been employed to illustrate and demonstrate the capabilities established in the RRF testbed.

The Study of Color and Planning Schemes of Urban Transportation

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Minglei Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Interior Design ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Design Concept ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Regional Culture ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Times ◽  
Regional Design

To apply the design concept of regional design, excavate the typical culture of Chongqing for the current design, and endows the cultural elements and symbols that have lasted for a long time with a new flavor of The Times, firstly, the design concept of regional design is introduced to present and analyze typical regional cultural elements of Chongqing. Then, the cultural appeal and social influence of the design of Chongqing rail transit are analyzed, and the main entry point of the design is summarized to provide theoretical reference and method guidance for the subsequent design. Finally, after completing the theoretical framework, typical case analysis and the reference of design techniques, the design procedure of rail vehicles with Chongqing regional culture is proposed, and the shape design, exterior design and the interior design are completed, which have certain guiding significance for the regional characteristics of rail transit construction in Chongqing.

The Design Process

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce I. Blum
Keyword(s):  
Software Engineering ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Adaptive Design ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Software Application ◽  
Software Applications ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Design Paradigm

we have arrived at the last layer of the foundation. I now can begin a systematic analysis of design. As a brief reminder, this really is a book about the development of software applications. My thesis is that we can expect only limited improvement to software application and productivity by working within the current design paradigm (i.e, technological design). I believe that we must shift paradigms to exploit the special characteristics of software. But paradigm shifts are revolutions, and one cannot comprehend any new paradigm by extrapolating from the concepts and methods of the present paradigm. Thus, we must destroy before we can rebuild. In the physical sciences, the justification for destruction comes from outside the paradigm; phenomena are observed that are at variance with the models of normal science, and new theories are needed to explain them. Computer science and software engineering, however, are formalizations for free phenomena. In a sense, they are self-defining; they establish their own criteria for relevance and evaluation. If we are to replace those criteria, therefore, we must begin outside normal computer science. And that is the justification for these first two parts. Part I examines the meaning and limitations of science and provides an interpretation of design: the modification of the environment (or “changing existing conditions into preferred ones”). Part II looks at design from the perspective of those who make and use the designs. I deliberately remain outside the domain of computer science in my search for the knowledge that will be relevant to the subsequent examination of software. Once this knowledge has been assembled, Part III can enter into a less biased consideration of software and its role in the next millennium. Thus, the first two parts construct the context within which a new computer science can be defined, and Part III offers adaptive design as an illustration of what this new computer science can accomplish. where are we now in this odyssey? Chapter 1 begins with the traditional view in which the maturity of software engineering as a discipline is related to its utilization of computer science principles.

The Dynamic Simulation and Analysis of a Cycloidal Speed Reducer

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep V. Thube ◽  
Todd R. Bobak
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Speed Reducer ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
Physical Prototype ◽  
Current Design ◽  
The One ◽  
And Function

In industry, digital prototyping has become a valuable tool for the design and subsequent analysis of components for a proposed design. Prior to its maturation as a design tool, it was common to go through repeated physical iterations of a given design to assess form, fit and function. Investments in design time, prototype procurement and subsequent testing yielded long term product incubation periods from initial concept to final production. Current design modeling software allows for part design, unit assembly, loading and dynamic simulation of a component electronically — all without the procurement of a physical prototype. The results from such dynamic simulation can then be analyzed through finite element analysis to assess component functionality in its intended operational environment with an eye towards design optimization. From the perspective of gear design, digital prototyping certainly affords the same advantages as has been described. Indeed, it is common to find electronic examples of 3D gearset with motion and loading condition imposed on them. It is less common, however, to find similar dynamic examples of the operation of a cycloidal type speed reducer where the kinematics of the reduction mechanism is completely different from that of the traditional involute gearing. This paper will explore a method of dynamically simulating a cycloidal type speed reducer where the generated internal loads will be used to assess the stresses acting on the one of the major reduction components contained within — namely, the cycloid disc.

A New Design of a Hydraulic Steel Radial Gate with Two Oblique Arms by Topology Optimization

2013 ◽  
Vol 712-715 ◽  
pp. 2906-2912
Author(s):  
Kun Cai ◽  
Hong Yang He ◽  
Xin Huan Li ◽  
Yan Li
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Size Optimization ◽  
Traditional Design ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Supporting Frame ◽  
Radial Gate ◽  
Topology Optimization Method

A hydraulic steel radial gate (SRG) with two oblique arms is designed by using topology optimization and size optimization. Topology and size optimization are carried out by using CAD software, e.g., Hyperworks. In the current design, the SRG is initially considered to have three main components, i.e., the arms, the supporting frame of arms and a panel for water retaining. To give a better design of these components, e.g., arms and its supporting frame, topology optimization is adopted. By topology optimization method, the shape of arm and the supporting frame are obtained. As construction of the new SRG is reconstructed by the components obtained, the stiffness, strength and stability of the new SRG is checked and some sizes of components in SRG are readjusted by using size optimization. The final design of the SRG is around 24% lighter than the traditional design whilst the safety of the new design is much better.

Design of a Single Stage Turbine for the Quantification of Aerodynamic Damping

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher E. Meinzer ◽  
Simon L. Bittner ◽  
Stefan Schmitt ◽  
Robert E. Kielb ◽  
Joerg R. Seume
Keyword(s):  
Full Range ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Blade Vibration ◽  
Aerodynamic Damping ◽  
Low Pressure Turbine ◽  
Stable Operating ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Turbine Blisk

For an experimental study of aerodynamic damping in an axial low pressure turbine, a single stage subsonic turbine blisk is designed and aerodynamically and aeromechanically assessed. The design goals are a low aerodynamic damping, to allow a long ring down of blade vibration, and aeromechanical stable operating points. With respect to these requirements, the aeromechanical analysis is executed using a time-linearized RANS method. The results of the final design are compared with another independent implementation of this method. Further, a preliminary flutter design tool is used to predict flutter stability and to cover the full range of current design tools. The rotor blading is manufactured as a blade integrated disk to eliminate friction damping in the planned experiment on the quantification of aerodynamic damping. To complement the study and to discuss the influence of damping, an experimental modal analysis of the manufactured blisk is completed to identify the frequency response and the damping.

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