Serpent 2 Validation for Radiation Shielding Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silja Häkkinen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Range ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Transport ◽  
Neutron Spectra ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Photon Spectra

Abstract This paper contributes to the validation of Serpent's photon transport and coupled neutron-photon transport routines. Two benhmarks presenting measurements of neutron and photon flux through different sized iron and lead spheres have been calculated using a development version of Serpent and MCNP6.2. The Serpent results were compared to the measurement results and the MCNP6.2 calculations. Additionally, the development version has been compared to the currently distributed Serpent version 2.1.31. In all cases, the Serpent calculated neutron and photon spectra followed the measured spectra fairly well. For the iron spheres, differences between Serpent and MCNP6.2 calculated neutron spectra were mostly below 2 % at neutron energies below 4 MeV. Differences between photon spectra through the iron spheres were mostly below 3 %. For the lead spheres, differences in the calculated neutron spectra were mostly below 1.5 % in the energy range 0.04-4.0 MeV. Differences between photon spectra through the 10 cm lead sphere were mostly below 5 % and for the larger spheres below 10 % except at higher photon energies above 6.5 MeV. Differences between the development version and the Serpent version 2.1.31 of the order of 3 % were observed in the photon spectra through the largest lead spheres with radius 20 and 30 cm when Gaussian Energy Broadening was not applied. These are probably related to the coupled neutron-photon transport routines in the different versions.

scholarly journals The Role of La2O3 in Enhancement the Radiation Shielding Efficiency of the Tellurite Glasses: Monte-Carlo Simulation and Theoretical Study

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 3913
Author(s):  
Aljawhara H. Almuqrin ◽  
Mohamed Hanfi ◽  
K. G. Mahmoud ◽  
M. I. Sayyed ◽  
Hanan Al-Ghamdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Transmission Factor ◽  
Tellurite Glasses ◽  
Attenuation Coefficients ◽  
Binary Glass ◽  
Buildup Factors

The radiation shielding competence was examined for a binary glass system xLa2O3 + (1 − x) TeO2 where x = 5, 7, 10, 15, and 20 mol% using MCNP-5 code. The linear attenuation coefficients (LACs) of the glasses were evaluated, and it was found that LT20 glass has the greatest LAC, while LT5 had the least LAC. The transmission factor (TF) of the glasses was evaluated against thicknesses at various selected energies and was observed to greatly decrease with increasing thickness; for example, at 1.332 MeV, the TF of the LT5 glass decreased from 0.76 to 0.25 as the thickness increased from 1 to 5 cm. The equivalent atomic number (Zeq) of the glasses gradually increased with increasing photon energy above 0.1 MeV, with the maximum values observed at around 1 MeV. The buildup factors were determined to evaluate the accumulation of photon flux, and it was found that the maximum values for both can be seen at around 0.8 MeV. This research concluded that LT20 has the greatest potential in radiation shielding applications out of the investigated glasses due to the glass having the most desirable parameters.

scholarly journals A comprehensive Monte Carlo study to design a novel multi-nanoparticle loaded nanocomposites for augmentation of attenuation coefficient in the energy range of diagnostic X-rays

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-289
Author(s):  
Elahe Sayyadi ◽  
Asghar Mesbahi ◽  
Reza Eghdam Zamiri ◽  
Farshad Seyyed Nejad
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Monte Carlo Code ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Shielding Properties

Abstract Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate the radiation protection properties of silicon-based composites doped with nano-sized Bi2O3, PbO, Sm2O3, Gd2O3, WO3, and IrO2 particles. Radiation shielding properties of Sm2O3 and IrO2 nanoparticles were investigated for the first time in the current study. Material and methods: The MCNPX (2.7.0) Monte Carlo code was utilized to calculate the linear attenuation coefficients of single and multi-nano structured composites over the X-ray energy range of 10–140 keV. Homogenous distribution of spherical nanoparticles with a diameter of 100 nm in a silicon rubber matrix was simulated. The narrow beam geometry was used to calculate the photon flux after attenuation by designed nanocomposites. Results: Based on results obtained for single nanoparticle composites, three combinations of different nano-sized fillers Sm2O3+WO3+Bi2O3, Gd2O3+WO3+Bi2O3, and Sm2O3+WO3+PbO were selected, and their shielding properties were estimated. In the energy range of 20-60 keV Sm2O3 and Gd2O3 nanoparticles, in 70-100 keV energy range WO3 and for photons energy higher than 90 keV, PbO and Bi2O3 nanoparticles showed higher attenuation. Despite its higher density, IrO2 had lower attenuation compared to other nanocomposites. The results showed that the nanocomposite containing Sm2O3, WO3, and Bi2O3 nanoparticles provided better shielding among the studied samples. Conclusions: All studied multi-nanoparticle nanocomposites provided optimum shielding properties and almost 8% higher attenuation relative to single nano-based composites over a wide range of photon energy used in diagnostic radiology. Application of these new composites is recommended in radiation protection. Further experimental studies are suggested to validate our findings.

scholarly journals NSLS-II MX beamlines FMX for micro-crystallography & AMX for highly automated MX

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C1733-C1733
Author(s):  
Martin Fuchs ◽  
Robert Sweet ◽  
Lonny Berman ◽  
Dileep Bhogadi ◽  
Wayne Hendrickson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Range ◽  
Structure Determination ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Macromolecular Crystallography ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Array Detectors ◽  
Broad Energy Range

We present the final design of the x-ray optical systems and experimental stations of the two macromolecular crystallography (MX) beamlines, FMX and AMX, at the National Synchrotron Light Source-II (NSLS-II). Along with its companion x-ray scattering beamline, LIX, this suite of Advanced Beamlines for Biological Investigations with X-rays (ABBIX, [1]) will begin user operation in 2016. The pair of MX beamlines with complementary and overlapping capabilities is located at canted undulators (IVU21) in sector 17-ID. The Frontier Microfocusing Macromolecular Crystallography beamline (FMX) will deliver a photon flux of ~5x10^12 ph/s at a wavelength of 1 Å into a spot of 1 - 50 µm size. It will cover a broad energy range from 5 - 30 keV, corresponding to wavelengths from 0.4 - 2.5 Å. The highly Automated Macromolecular Crystallography beamline (AMX) will be optimized for high throughput applications, with beam sizes from 4 - 100 µm, an energy range of 5 - 18 keV (0.7 - 2.5 Å), and a flux at 1 Å of ~10^13 ph/s. Central components of the in-house-developed experimental stations are a 100 nm sphere of confusion goniometer with a horizontal axis, piezo-slits to provide dynamic beam size changes during diffraction experiments, a dedicated secondary goniometer for crystallization plates, and sample- and plate-changing robots. FMX and AMX will support a broad range of biomedical structure determination methods from serial crystallography on micron-sized crystals, to structure determination of complexes in large unit cells, to rapid sample screening and data collection of crystals in trays, for instance to characterize membrane protein crystals and to conduct ligand-binding studies. Together with the solution scattering program at LIX, the new beamlines will offer unique opportunities for advanced diffraction experiments with micro- and mini-beams, with next generation hybrid pixel array detectors and emerging crystal delivery methods such as acoustic droplet ejection. This work is supported by the US National Institutes of Health.

scholarly journals Scaling properties of direct photon yields in heavy ion collisions

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Khachatryan ◽  
Michał Praszałowicz
Keyword(s):  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Charged Hadron ◽  
Direct Photon ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Scaling Properties ◽  
Ion Collisions ◽  
Phenix Collaboration ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Photon Spectra

Abstract A recent analysis from the PHENIX collaboration of available direct photon measurement results in collisions of various systems such as Au+Au, Cu+Cu, and Pb+Pb, at different beam energies ranging from 39 to 2760 GeV, has shown a universal, within experimental uncertainties, multiplicity scaling, in which direct photon $$p_{T}$$pT-spectra for transverse momenta up to 2 GeV/c are scaled with charged hadron pseudorapidity density at midrapidity raised to power $$\alpha =1.25$$α=1.25. On the other hand, those direct photon $$p_{T}$$pT-spectra also exhibit geometrical scaling in the similar $$p_{T}$$pT range. Assuming power-law dependence of the scaled photon spectra for both scaling laws, we formulate two independent conditions for the power $$\alpha $$α, which overshoot experimental data by $$\sim 10\%$$∼10% on average. We discuss possible sources that might improve this estimate.

Measurement of neutron spectra in the energy range up to 3 keV by resonance indicators

1966 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 600-602
Author(s):  
A. V. Zvonarev ◽  
Yu. F. Koleganov ◽  
F. F. Mikhailus ◽  
M. N. Nikolaev
Keyword(s):  
Energy Range ◽  
Neutron Spectra

Performance of BL07A at NewSUBARU with installation of a new multi-layered-mirror monochromator

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 618-623
Author(s):  
Shotaro Tanaka ◽  
Shuto Suzuki ◽  
Tomohiro Mishima ◽  
Kazuhiro Kanda
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Monochromatic Light ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Monochromatic Beam ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Photon Flux

Soft X-rays excite the inner shells of materials more efficiently than any other form of light. The investigation of synchrotron radiation (SR) processes using inner-shell excitation requires the beamline to supply a single-color and high-photon-flux light in the soft X-ray region. A new integrated computing multi-layered-mirror (MLM) monochromator was installed at beamline 07A (BL07A) of NewSUBARU, which has a 3 m undulator as a light source for irradiation experiments with high-photon-flux monochromatic light. The MLM monochromator has a high reflectivity index in the soft X-ray region; it eliminates unnecessary harmonic light from the undulator and lowers the temperature of the irradiated sample surfaces. The monochromator can be operated in a high vacuum, and three different mirror pairs are available for different experimental energy ranges; they can be exchanged without exposing the monochromator to the atmosphere. Measurements of the photon current of a photodiode on the sample stage indicated that the photon flux of the monochromatic beam was more than 1014 photons s−1 cm−2 in the energy range 80–400 eV and 1013 photons s−1 cm−2 in the energy range 400–800 eV. Thus, BL07A is capable of performing SR-stimulated process experiments.

scholarly journals Two absolute integral measurements of the 197Au(n,γ) stellar cross-section and solution of the historic discrepancies

2020 ◽  
Vol 239 ◽  
pp. 19002
Author(s):  
Javier Praena ◽  
Pablo Jiménez-Bonilla
Keyword(s):  
Energy Range ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Neutron Capture ◽  
Capture Cross Section ◽  
New Method ◽  
Capture Cross ◽  
Neutron Capture Cross Section ◽  
Neutron Spectra

The Maxwellian averaged cross section (MACS) for 197Au(n,γ) is used in neutron capture cross section measurements as a reference for reactions important for astrophysics, reactor and dosimetry applications. The traditionally adopted value for this reference cross section, in the energy range relevant for astrophysical (3 < E n < 200 keV), was obtained by Ratynski and Käppeler in 1988. However, the MACS calculated using the 2006 standards evaluation is approximately 6 % above the Ratynski and Käppeler (R&K) evaluation. Because of this discrepancy new experiments and reanalyses were done in an attempt to resolve the problem. In 2011 we started as well a series of integral experiments (activation) for determining the MACS-30 (kT=30 keV) of Au with two different Maxwellian neutron spectra: i) QMNS-25 (as R&K) and ii) MNS-30 (new method). Our results agree with those obtained with the standard evaluation. At present (2018), the updated MACS-30 has been included as standard. Here we present the results of our measurements and the reasons for the lower value of the R&K measurement.

Real-time measurement of low-energy-range neutron spectra on board the space shuttle STS-89 (S/MM-8)

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Matsumoto ◽  
T. Goka ◽  
K. Koga ◽  
S. Iwai ◽  
T. Uehara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Range ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Space Shuttle ◽  
Time Measurement ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Neutron Spectra ◽  
Real Time Measurement

scholarly journals Simulation of neutron production in hadron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus interactions in Geant4

2019 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
Aida Galoyan ◽  
Alberto Ribon ◽  
Vladimir Uzhinsky
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Collision Energy ◽  
Asymptotic Properties ◽  
Slow Neutron ◽  
Neutron Production ◽  
Projectile Energy ◽  
Neutron Spectra ◽  
High Energies ◽  
Very High

Studying experimental data obtained at ITEP [1] on neutron production in interactions of protons with various nuclei in the energy range from 747 MeV up to 8.1 GeV, we have found that slow neutron spectra have scaling and asymptotic properties [2]. The spectra weakly depend on the collision energy at momenta of projectile protons larger than 5 – 6 GeV/c. These properties are taken into account in the Geant4 Fritiof (FTF) model. The improved FTF model describes as well as the Geant4 Bertini model the experimental data on neutron production by 1.2 GeV and 1.6 GeV protons on targets (Fe, Pb) [3] and by 3.0 GeV protons on various targets (Al, Fe, Pb) [4]. For neutron production in antiproton-nucleus interactions, it is demonstrated that the FTF results are in a satisfactory agreement with experimental data of the LEAR collaboration [5]. The FTF model gives promising results for neutron production in nucleus - nucleus interactions at projectile energy 1 – 2 GeV per nucleon [6]. The observed properties allow one to predict neutron yields in the nucleus-nucleus interactions at high and very high energies. Predictions for the NICA/MPD experiment at JINR are presented.

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