Mechanics of Biohybrid Valveless Pump-bot

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-0
Author(s):  
Zhengwei Li ◽  
M Taher A Saif
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Force ◽  
Rubber Band ◽  
Elastic Tube ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Elastic Tubes ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Random Fashion ◽  
Valveless Pump ◽  
Impedance Pump ◽  
Flow Through

Abstract Engineering living systems is a rapidly emerging discipline where the functional biohybrid robotics (or ‘Bio-bots’) are built by integrating of living cells with engineered scaffolds. Inspired by embryonic heart, we presented earlier the first example of a biohybrid valveless pump-bot, an impedance pump, capable of transporting fluids powered by engineered living muscle tissues. The pump consists of a soft tube attached to rigid boundaries at the ends, and a muscle ring that squeezes the tube cyclically at an off-center location. Cyclic contraction results in a net flow through the tube. We observed that muscle force occasionally buckles the tube in a random fashion, i.e., similar muscles do not buckle the tube consistently. In order to explain this anomaly, here we develop an analytical model to predict the deformation and stability of circular elastic tubes subjected to a uniform squeezing force due to a muscle ring (like a taught rubber band). The prediction from the model is validated by comparing with experiments and finite element analysis. The non-linear model reveals that the circular elastic tube cannot buckle irrespective of muscle force. Buckling state can be reached and sustained by bending and folding the tube before applying the muscle ring. This imperfection may appear during assembly of the pump or from non-uniform thickness of the muscle ring. This study provides design guides for developing advanced biohybrid impedance pumps for diverse applications.

Valveless Pump in Closed Loop Tube System

2014 ◽  
Vol 607 ◽  
pp. 561-564
Author(s):  
M. Mazwan Mahat ◽  
Izdihar Tharazi ◽  
Liyana Roslan ◽  
Mohd Fakrul Jasni
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Supply Voltage ◽  
Volume Flow Rate ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Elastic Tube ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Valveless Pump ◽  
Impedance Pump

This research work aims to identify the characteristic of flow in valveless impedance pump which uses acoustic impedance mismatch to drive flow. The experimental setup mainly focuses on the elastic section connected between two ends of rigid tube. Fluid flow rate resulting from the pumping mechanism were measured at different supply voltage. Meanwhile, the volume flow rate (ml / min) in the elastic tube section were also determined based upon different pinch location and width using water as a working fluid. In order to achieve these parameters quantification, the experimental test rig was designed and the set of equipments were successfully assembled. Then, the measured parameters resulting from the experiment of the impedance pump are presented in significant findings of four curves plots. It is found that the maximum flow rate occurred at voltage setting equal to 4 V. Significantly, results obtained could beneficial future design as a mimics model for novel Ventricular Assist Device use in cardiac patient as well as further explanation about the factor that influence the characteristic of valveless impedance pump.

CFD Simulation of Fluid Flow Through Porous Media: Application to Decomposed Gases Flow Through Foam Pattern in Lost Foam Casting

Materials ◽  
2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayavur I. Bakhtiyarov ◽  
Ruel A. Overfelt
Keyword(s):  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Flow Through Porous Media ◽  
Foam Material ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Foam Pattern ◽  
Lost Foam

Numerical simulation of decomposed gases through foam pattern was conducted using finite element analysis. A new kinetic model is proposed for gaseos phase flow between molten metal and foam material. The computations were performed for a wide range of Reynolds numbers. The results of the simulations are compared with the experiemental data obtained in this study.

scholarly journals Modeling the pelvic region for non-invasive pelvic intraoperative neuromonitoring

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Moszkowski ◽  
Thilo Krüger ◽  
Werner Kneist ◽  
Klaus-Peter Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Intraoperative Neuromonitoring ◽  
Tetrahedral Mesh ◽  
Mesorectal Excision ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Pelvic Region ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Mesh Models

AbstractFinite element analysis (FEA) of electric current distribution in the pelvis minor may help to assess the usability of non-invasive surface stimulation for continuous pelvic intraoperative neuromonitoring. FEA requires generation of quality volumetric tetrahedral mesh geometry. This study proposes the generation of a suitable mesh based on MRI data. The resulting volumetric mesh models the autonomous nerve structures at risk during total mesorectal excision. The model also contains the bone, cartilage, fat, skin, muscle tissues of the pelvic region, and a set of electrodes for surface stimulation. The model is ready for finite element analysis of the discrete Maxwell’s equations.

Interactions of Nonlinear Waves in Fluid-Filled Elastic Tubes

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Hilmi Demiray
Keyword(s):  
Solitary Waves ◽  
Nonlinear Waves ◽  
Elastic Tube ◽  
Wave Number ◽  
Inviscid Fluid ◽  
Leading Order ◽  
Elastic Tubes ◽  
Longwave Approximation ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Analytical Phase

In this work, treating an artery as a prestressed thin-walled elastic tube and the blood as an inviscid fluid, the interactions of two nonlinear waves propagating in opposite directions are studied in the longwave approximation by use of the extended PLK (Poincaré-Lighthill-Kuo) perturbation method. The results show that up to O(k3), where k is the wave number, the head-on collision of two solitary waves is elastic and the solitary waves preserve their original properties after the interaction. The leading-order analytical phase shifts and the trajectories of two solitons after the collision are derived explicitly.

scholarly journals Design and Simulation of Nozzle for Pure Water Jet Portable Cutting Tool

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12S2) ◽  
pp. 703-706
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Jet ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Cutting Machine ◽  
Water Jet Cutting ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
The Impact

A pure water jet at subsonic speed provides an opportunity for application in cutting soft material with the advantage of not contaminating the workpiece. Inside the nozzle, water is flowing through various cross sections, which lead to pressure drop and loss of energy. This requires a nozzle with a design that causes minimum pressure drop. In this work, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) were used to analyse the flow through five different nozzles. For each nozzle, the pressures of 10 MPa, 20 MPa and 30 MPa were applies at the inlet. For the inlet pressure of 10 MPa, the highest outlet velocity us 136.12 m/s at the pressure of 9.261 MPa. The impact pressure at stand distance of 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm were 8.26 MPa and 8.02 MPa, respectively. For this nozzle, the Factor of Safety for 10 MPa, 20 MPa and 30 MPa were 6.4, 3.2 and 2.961, respectively. The findings are relevant to the development of pure water jet cutting machine

scholarly journals Pumping Patterns and Work Done During Peristalsis in Finite-Length Elastic Tubes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashank Acharya ◽  
Wenjun Kou ◽  
Sourav Halder ◽  
Dustin A. Carlson ◽  
Peter J. Kahrilas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological State ◽  
Balloon Dilation ◽  
Elastic Tube ◽  
Peristaltic Wave ◽  
Immersed Boundary ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Elastic Tubes ◽  
Peristaltic Pumping ◽  
1D Model ◽  
Work Done

Abstract Balloon dilation catheters are often used to quantify the physiological state of peristaltic activity in tubular organs and comment on their ability to propel fluid which is important for healthy human function. To fully understand this system's behavior, we analyzed the effect of a solitary peristaltic wave on a fluid-filled elastic tube with closed ends. A reduced order model that predicts the resulting tube wall deformations, flow velocities and pressure variations is presented. This simplified model is compared with detailed fluid-structure 3D immersed boundary simulations of peristaltic pumping in tube walls made of hyperelastic material. The major dynamics observed in the 3D simulations were also displayed by our 1D model under laminar flow conditions. Using the 1D model, several pumping regimes were investigated and presented in the form of a regime map that summarizes the system's response for a range of physiological conditions. Finally, the amount of workdone during a peristaltic event in this configuration was defined and quantified. The variation of elastic energy and work done during pumping was found to have a unique signature for each regime. An extension of the 1D model is applied to enhance patient data collected by the device and find the work done for a typical esophageal peristaltic wave. This detailed characterization of the system's behavior aids in better interpreting the clinical data obtained from dilation catheters. Additionally, the pumping capacity of the esophagus can be quantified for comparative studies between disease groups.

Large-amplitude unsteady flow in liquid-filled elastic tubes

1967 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Olsen ◽  
Ascher H. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Water Waves ◽  
Large Amplitude ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Perturbation Expansion ◽  
Elastic Tube ◽  
Fluid Viscosity ◽  
Elastic Tubes ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Laminar And Turbulent Flow ◽  
Large Amplitude Motion

Unsteady, large-amplitude motion of a viscous liquid in a long elastic tube is investigated theoretically and experimentally, in the context of physiological problems of blood flow in the larger arteries. Based on the assumptions of long wavelength and longitudinal tethering, a quasi-one-dimensional model is adopted, in which the tube wall moves only radially, and in which only longitudinal pressure gradients and fluid accelerations are important. The effects of fluid viscosity are treated for both laminar and turbulent flow. The governing non-linear equations are solved analytically in closed form by a perturbation expansion in the amplitude parameter, and, for comparison, by numerical integration of the characteristic curves. The two types of solution are compared with each other and with experimental data. Non-linear effects due to large amplitude motion are found to be not as large as those found in similar problems in gasdynamics and water waves.

Flow through Elastic Tubes

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-68
Author(s):  
Troy Shinbrot
Keyword(s):  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Main Topic ◽  
Elastic Tubes ◽  
Elasticity Equations ◽  
Flow Through

Fluids equations from Chapter 1 and elasticity equations from Chapter 2 are combined to establish how flow through elastic tubes (as in the vasculature) must occur. Unstable versus stable flows are considered, and concepts from complex analysis are introduced. The main topic is flow in elastic-walled tubes, whereas complex analysis is dealt with as an aside.

scholarly journals Electrocution as an alternative euthanasia method to blunt force trauma to the head followed by exsanguination for non-viable piglets

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Husheer ◽  
Matthias Luepke ◽  
Peter Dziallas ◽  
Karl-Heinz Waldmann ◽  
Alexandra von Altrock
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Power Source ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Blunt Force ◽  
Blunt Force Trauma ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Nociceptive Reflexes ◽  
Flow Through

Abstract Background On farms, the currently approved and most widely practised method of euthanising non-viable piglets is blunt force trauma to the head followed by exsanguination. However, the use of this method is criticised due to public perceptions and aversion to the methodology by caretakers. Therefore, electrocution after electrical stunning was examined as an alternative approach in 80 hybrid piglets. Initially, electrocution was simulated with finite element analysis using a computer piglet-model, where current density in the heart was visualised and size and position of the electrodes were defined. The following step investigated electrical parameters for electrocution in anaesthetised piglets; first, with a constant voltage power source and then with a constant current power source. The electrical stunning was examined using the constant current supply. Finally, the results of electrical stunning and electrocution were verified in 25 healthy piglets with a body weight between 1 and 2 kg. Unconsciousness was proven by testing palpebral, corneal and nociceptive reflexes. Time of death was confirmed by electroencephalography (EEG) and electrocardiography (ECG) records. Results Stunning succeeded with the preset of 1.3 A and 50 Hz, placing the electrodes on both sides of the head between the eyes and ears using different timespans between 8 and 20 s. Prolonged electrical flow resulted in reduced paddling movements after the epileptic seizure, and allowed undisturbed reflex tests and installation of electrodes for EEG and ECG recording during electrocution. Using 0.75 A and 400 Hz, pin-shaped electrodes were first positioned on both sides of the chest for 5 s, followed by a break of 20–30 s and a second current flow, whereby the electrodes were placed above the withers and the sternum for 5 s. Cardiac arrest and an isoelectric EEG were induced within 3 min after the onset of the electrical flow through the chest. The most obvious indicator of effective stunning and electrocution was termination of rhythmic breathing. Piglets with cardiac arrest showed only single gasps lasting up to 3 min after electrocution. Conclusions The evaluated stunning and electrocution protocol might ease concerns about timely piglet euthanasia. However, this should be verified in non-viable piglets to exclude influencing factors like dehydration and diseases.

Experimental Study on the Effect of Pinch Parameters and Fluid Viscosity to Flow in Closed Loop Impedance Pump

2014 ◽  
Vol 660 ◽  
pp. 932-936
Author(s):  
M. Mazwan Mahat ◽  
R.N. Izzati ◽  
Ilya Izyan Shahrul Azhar ◽  
Izdihar Tharazi
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Supply Voltage ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Elastic Tube ◽  
Fluid Viscosity ◽  
Ventricular Assist ◽  
Tube Section ◽  
Impedance Pump ◽  
Device Use

This paper aims to analyse the performance of impedance pump that uses energy mismatch to drive fluid flow. The experimental setup mainly focus to establish the relationship between the fluids flow rates in elastic tube section connected between two ends of solid tube and pinch mechanism location as well as fluid viscosity. Measurement of fluid flow rate or representation of its velocities resulting from the pumping mechanism is measured using two different supply voltage and constant pincher width. These measured parameters resulting from the pinch mechanism of the elastic tube section were varied at different pinch location along itsx-axis direction; divided into two main cases namely (1) 2 V and (2) 3 V at 40 mm to 140 mm pinch location. From the voltage variation, it is found that the maximum flow rate given by voltage 3.0 V at pinch location 40 mm while for the effect of viscosity, the highest flow rate is 93 ml/min. The profiles obtained revealed the characteristic of valve less pump to be the new model of new Ventricular Assist Device use in cardiac patient as well as further explanation about the factor that influence the characteristic of elastic tube.

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