A General Outflow Theory Based on Momentum Balance

Author(s):  
Andreas Malcherek

Abstract One of the oldest problems in the history of hydraulics is the outflow from a vessel through an orifice. In 1644 it was described by the Torricelli principle stating that the outflow velocity is the fall velocity from the filling level. From a theoretical point of view the Torricelli principle is valid because it follows from Bernoulli's energy conservation principle. In this paper the outflowproblem will be described by Newton's momentum balance principle. Here the Torricelli formula is obtained when the rounded orifice is treated as a contraction. For the sharp edged orifice the bulk outflow velocity is the fall velocity from half the filling height. In this momentum balance theory no artificial outflow coefficients are needed to distinguish between the cases of sharp edged and rounded orifices.

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Chivallon

Unlike research in the Anglophone West Indies, research in the French West Indies has only very recently developed the idea of the existence of a peasant social group in the plantation societies of Guadeloupe and Martinique. The fragility and instability of the collective identity in the French West Indies has served as a principal argument to support the view that the group is not a peasantry but a mere by-product of the plantation system. The idea of the absence of a real process of taking control of space or of a sort of intimate history with space occurs in some writings to explain this weakness of collective sense. Far from refuting the argument which firmly links the identity question to that of space, I shall reinforce it but in order to show that, on the contrary, there arc good grounds for affirming the existence, in the case of the peasant group in Martinique, of an original social experience in which space is strongly mobilised. In doing this, my intention is also to add weight to a theoretical point of view which shows the strength of the ties between space and identity, given that the peasant world in Martinique provides a paradigmatic example of the undeniable power of these ties.


Author(s):  
Roberto Luquín Guerra

Apart from his political and educational work, and from his controversial autobiography, José Vasconcelos is known for his Ibero-Americanist thought. The Cosmic Race, Indology and Bolivarism and Monroeism gather all the ideas that are attributed to his theoretical point of view. His philosophy is what we know less of and what is most criticized. Nonetheless, is there a connection between his philosophical thought and his Ibero-Americanist ideas? Abelardo Villegas says that Vasconcelos’s philosophy is the product of a racial and cultural message. Therefore, according to Villegas, his philosophy is subordinated to his Ibero-Americanist ideas. Patrick Romanell, on the other hand, states that the Ibero-Americanist ideas make up the popular and illusory side and, hence, must be separated from the philosophical thought. The aim of this paper is to elucidate this problem. In order to clarify it, we will follow Villegas viewpoint to the bitter end. His reasoning invites us to look closely at the history of Ibero-American thought as well as at Vasconcelos’s first works. Precisely by analyzing these two aspects and the point where they meet, we might be able to find an answer.


2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-418
Author(s):  
Andreas Suter

My study of the Swiss Peasants' War of 1653 has received four reviews in the United States. I am grateful to Hermann Rebel for supplying another, most unusual review to Central European History. It is unusual not only in length but also in judgment. Where the other reviews wrote positively about the book, Rebel rejects it completely.If I read Rebel correctly, his criticism covers four main points. First, he criticizes the book's theoretical point of view, alleging that the call for a “return to historical events in social history” means a return to “histoire événementielle” and would lead to “high antiquarianism.” Second, Rebel criticizes my methodological inferences from this theoretical point: systematic attention to the cultural dimension of human action; the expansion of social history's traditional methods of analysis and perspectives on time (longue durée, temps sociale) to include cultural and anthropological insights (from, i.e., Victor Turner, Mary Douglas, and Clifford Geertz); and the introduction of a “slow-motion” perspective.


Author(s):  
Chiara Gianollo

This chapter is a study of Latin indefinites in direct-negation contexts. These indefinites are interesting from a theoretical point of view because of their extreme dependence on the surrounding structural conditions, and because of the variety of their instantiations in different linguistic systems. Two phenomena of Latin grammar with wide-ranging implications for the development of Romance indefinites are discussed: the syntax of negation and the diachronic pathways followed by indefinites interacting with it. Latin is a Double Negation language, whereas Early Romance exhibits Negative Concord. The study proposes that this typological shift is linked to another major change from Latin to Romance, namely the change from OV to VO. Late Latin is analyzed as a ‘concealed’ nonstrict Negative Concord language, in which restrictions in the use of the ‘old’ negative indefinites emerge, as well as new patterns with (new) negative-polarity items.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Alexandra Padilha Bueno

O presente artigo é parte de estudos realizados no campo da História da Educação, com ênfase na história intelectual, e das mulheres que se propuseram a analisar a trajetória de Mariana Coelho (1874-1954), intelectual, feminista e educadora portuguesa que chegou ao Paraná em 1893. Ela morou em Curitiba e, nessa capital, manteve-se atuante até1940. Nesse período, além de colaborar em diversos periódicos da imprensa local, produziu e publicou seis livros. Como recorte para este artigo, optou-se por analisar a coluna mensal Chronica da Moda, publicada por Coelho no jornal curitibano Diário da Tarde. Embora a coluna tratasse de assuntos considerados femininos – naquele contexto – Mariana Coelho utilizou o espaço que lhe foi concedido para debater o feminismo, os direitos da mulher, sua condição diante da profissionalização e presença na cena pública, bem como a relevância de sua educação para ocupação desse novo espaço social. Como fontes, privilegiou-se, para uso neste artigo, as colunas que foram publicadas em 1901, visto que, nelas Coelho defendia publicamente o voto feminino e o feminismo, o que lhe colocou em um embate público com outros intelectuais paranaenses do período. Do ponto de vista teórico, o artigo aborda o conceito de intelectual de Carlos Eduardo Vieira, os conceitos de trajetória, campo e capital de Pierre Bourdieu e redes de sociabilidade de Jean-François Sirinelli.* * *This article is part of studies conducted in the field of the History of Education with focus on intellectual history and women’s history that proposed the analysis of Mariana Coelho (1874-1954), intellectual, feminist and Portuguese educator’s trajectory, who arrived in the state of Paraná in 1893. Coelho lived in Curitiba, and stayed active until the 1940s. In that period, in addition to her collaboration in many local press’s journals, Coelho produced and published six books. As passage for this article, it was decided to analyze the biweekly column Chronica da Moda, published by Coelho in the Curitiba’s newspaper Diário da Tarde. While the column addressed subjects considered feminists – in that context – Mariana Coelho used the space given to her to discuss feminism, women’s rights, women’s conditions in the face of professionalization and public presence, as well as the relevance of women’s education to occupy this new social environment. Columns published in 1901 were used as references for this article, since, in those Coelho publically defended women’s rights to vote and feminism, which placed her in a public debate with other intellectuals of the time. From a theoretical point of view, this article approaches Carlos Eduardo Vieira’s intellectual concept, Pierre Bourdieu’s trajectory, field and capital concepts, and Jean-François Sirinelli‘s sociability network.


2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Sanfilippo ◽  
Andrea Valle

The use of feedback-based systems in the music domain dates back to the 1960s. Their applications span from music composition and sound organization to audio synthesis and processing, as the interest in feedback resulted both from theoretical reflection on cybernetics and system theory, and from practical experimentation on analog circuits. The advent of computers has made possible the implementation of complex theoretical systems in audio-domain oriented applications, in some sense bridging the gap between theory and practice in the analog domain, and further increasing the range of audio and musical applications of feedback systems. In this article we first sketch a minimal history of feedback in music; second, we briefly introduce feedback systems from a theoretical point of view; then we propose a set of features that characterize them from the perspective of music applications; finally, we propose a typology targeted at feedback systems used in the audio/musical domain and discuss some relevant examples.


Chronologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Toto Suharya

Historical material around the proclamation includes knowledge that must become the collective memory of the Indonesian people. The history of the proclamation became a milestone for the success of the Indonesian nation in breaking away from colonialism. However, according to Hatta, there were many stories and writings that were not true about the Indonesian proclamation. In fact, the importance of writing history cannot be separated from the historical facts that were found. Thus, the objectives to be achieved in this study are to compile historical stories based on primary evidence and find the legitimacy of historical writing based on the theoretical point of view of historical writing for history textbooks. Meanwhile, the method used is literature study. The results show that the writing of the history of the proclamation of Indonesian independence in history textbooks does not reflect a narrative that has considered primary sources, both from the archives and the views of historical actors. The history of the proclamation that circulates in textbooks is dominated by historical stories based on the source of Adam Malik's book. Hatta's book of direct testimony which is more authentic, because as a direct actor in the incident, it is worth considering.   Abstrak Materi sejarah sekitar proklamasi termasuk pengetahuan yang harus menjadi memori kolektif bangsa Indonesia. Sejarah proklamasi menjadi tonggak keberhasilan bangsa Indonesia dalam melepaskan diri dari penjajahan. Namun, menurut Hatta banyak tersiar cerita dan karangan yang tidak benar tentang proklamasi Indonesia. Padahal, kepentingan penulisan sejarah tidak lepas dari fakta sejarah yang ditemukan. Sehingga, tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah menyusun cerita sejarah berdasarkan bukti primer dan menemukan legitimasi penulisan sejarah berdasarkan sudut pandang teori penulisan sejarah bagi buku teks pelajaran sejarah. Sedangkan, metode yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penulisan sejarah proklamasi kemerdekaan Indonesia dalam buku teks pelajaran sejarah, belum mencerminkan narasi yang sudah mempertimbangkan sumber-sumber primer, baik dari arsip maupun pandangan pelaku sejarah. Sejarah peristiwa proklamasi yang beredar dalam buku teks, didominasi oleh cerita sejarah berdasarkan pada sumber buku Adam Malik. Buku kesaksian langsung dari Hatta yang lebih otentik, karena sebagai pelaku langsung dalam perisitwa tersebut layak untuk dipertimbangkan.


Author(s):  
Tamás Mezős

His activity as a teacher, a researcher and a monument expert architect evenly characterises Gyula Hajnóczi's oeuvre. As a teacher, he held lectures for almost half a century on the subjects of the ancient history of architecture and the universal theory of architecture. He studied and published his findings as an architectural historian, as a researcher of the theory of architecture, as the scholar of Roman architecture, and last but not least, as the discerner of spatial theory of ancient architecture. His life-work in heritage conservation and restoration has not only become well-known in Hungary. Italian, German and Austrian colleagues read his publications, who continuously contacted him to get acquainted with his latest works of art. As a regularly invited lecturer of international conferences, he made particular efforts to promote and to make Hungarian heritage preservation internationally recognised. This paper, due to its restrictive volume, presents the ruin conservation methods from a theoretical point of view, introduces the presentation of protective buildings - being attempts of reduced quality reconstructions; last but not least, it aims to show the theoretically grounded work that supported completing the schematic reconstructions of the buildings.Hajnóczi Gyula professzor munkásságát azonos súllyal jellemzi oktatói, kutatói és műemlékes építész tervezői tevékenysége. Oktatóként közel fél évszázadon keresztül adta elő az ókori építészettörténetet és az egyetemes építészetelméletet. Kutatta és publikálta eredményeit építészetörténészként az építészetelmélet kutatójaként, a római kori építészet tudósaként és nem utolsó sorban az ókori világ építészete térelméletének megismerőjeként. Műemlékvédelmi munkássága nem csupán Magyarországon vált ismertté. Publikációi nyomán itáliai, német és osztrák kollégák keresték föl rendszeresen, hogy megismerhessék legújabb alkotásait. Nemzetközi konferenciák rendszeres előadójaként maga is sokat tett a hazai műemlékvédelem nemzetközi megismertetéséért és elismertetéséért. A dolgozat, a szűk terjedelmi korlátok miatt, elméleti megközelítésben vázolja föl a romok konzerválásának módszereit, a védőépületeknek, mint redukált minőségű rekonstrukciós kísérleteknek a bemutatását, és nem utolsó sorban azt az elméleti megalapozottságú munkát, amely az épületek elvi rekonstrukciójának elkészítését kísérte.


2007 ◽  
pp. 86-94
Author(s):  
A. Manakov

The article provides theoretical analysis and evaluation of the timber auctions reforms in Russia. The author shows that the mechanism of the "combined auctions", which functioned until recently, is more appropriate from the theoretical point of view (and from the point of view of the Russian practice) as compared to the officially approved format of the English auction.


2006 ◽  
pp. 112-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Nazarov

The attempts to reconstruct the instruments of interbudget relations take place in all federations. In Russia such attempts are especially popular due to the short history of intergovernmental relations. Thus the review of the ¬international experience of managing interbudget relations to provide economic and social welfare can be useful for present-day Russia. The author develops models of intergovernmental relations from the point of view of making decisions about budget authorities’ distribution. The models that can be better applied in the Russian case are demonstrated.


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