Cycling Induced Microstructural Changes in Alloy Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
George Nelson ◽  
Jacob N. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Mechanical Degradation ◽  
Microstructural Changes ◽  
Volumetric Expansion

Abstract High-capacity electrochemical alloying materials, such as tin and tin-based alloys, present an opportunity for advancement of lithium-ion batteries. However, the destructive effects of volumetric expansion must be mitigated in order to sustain this high capacity during extended cycling. One way to mitigate these effects is by alloying Sn with more malleable metals to accommodate the strain related to severe volumetric expansion. Ex situ X-ray microtomography data of cycled Cu6Sn5 pellets was used to quantify the microstructural changes that occur during lithiation and delithiation. The microtomography data was segmented into three distinct phases to evaluate phase size distributions, specific surface area and tortuosity. Electrodes lithiated and then delithiated showed the most substantial reduction in overall phase sizes. This suggests that full lithiation of the Sn followed by partial delithiation of the Li4.4Sn to Li2CuSn can cause substantial microstructural changes related to volume expansion on lithiation and structural collapse upon delithiation. When considering other microstructural characteristics, this subset of the electrodes analyzed showed the highest tortuosity values. These results show that in addition to the mechanical degradation of the electrodes, excessive volume expansion can also influence transport networks in the active material and supporting phases of the electrode. While based on studies the active-inactive alloy Cu6Sn5 for lithium-ion battery applications, the insights obtained are expected to be applicable to other alloy electrodes and battery chemistries.

Research Progress and Application of Modified Silicon-Based Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

2021 ◽  
Vol 1036 ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Ling Fang Ruan ◽  
Jia Wei Wang ◽  
Shao Ming Ying
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Anode Materials ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Ion Intercalation ◽  
Silicon Based

Silicon-based anode materials have been widely discussed by researchers because of its high theoretical capacity, abundant resources and low working voltage platform,which has been considered to be the most promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. However,there are some problems existing in the silicon-based anode materials greatly limit its wide application: during the process of charge/discharge, the materials are prone to about 300% volume expansion, which will resultin huge stress-strain and crushing or collapse on the anods; in the process of lithium removal, there is some reaction between active material and current collector, which creat an increase in the thickness of the solid phase electrolytic layer(SEI film); during charging and discharging, with the increase of cycle times, cracks will appear on the surface of silicon-based anode materials, which will cause the batteries life to decline. In order to solve these problems, firstly, we summarize the design of porous structure of nanometer sized silicon-based materials and focus on the construction of three-dimensional structural silicon-based materials, which using natural biomass, nanoporous carbon and metal organic framework as structural template. The three-dimensional structure not only increases the channel of lithium-ion intercalation and the rate of ion intercalation, but also makes the structure more stable than one-dimensional or two-dimensional. Secondly, the Si/C composite, SiOx composite and alloying treatment can improve the volume expansion effection, increase the rate of lithium-ion deblocking and optimize the electrochemical performance of the material. The composite materials are usually coated with elastic conductive materials on the surface to reduce the stress, increase the conductivity and improve the electrochemical performance. Finally, the future research direction of silicon-based anode materials is prospected.

High capacity graphite-like calcium boridecarbides as a novel anode active material for lithium-ion batteries

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 1929-1936
Author(s):  
Go Tei ◽  
Ryohei Miyamae ◽  
Akira Kano
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Active Material ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Anode Active Material

Graphite-like Ca0.6B1.2C4.8 is reported as a novel anode active material for lithium-ion batteries.

Li2O–B2O3–GeO2 glass as a high performance anode material for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (16) ◽  
pp. 6860-6866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Ho Choi ◽  
Seung Jong Lee ◽  
Hye Jin Kim ◽  
Seung Bin Park ◽  
Jang Wook Choi
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Glass Phase ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Lithium Ion Conduction ◽  
Geo2 Glass ◽  
Battery Anode

Li2O–B2O3–GeO2 glass is demonstrated as a promising lithium-ion battery anode because the glass phase facilitates lithium ion conduction while buffering the volume expansion of the active material.

Novel hybrid organic-inorganic CH3NH3NiCl3 active material for high-capacity and sustainable lithium-ion batteries

2020 ◽  
Vol 357 ◽  
pp. 136882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana T. López ◽  
Daniel Ramírez ◽  
Franklin Jaramillo ◽  
Jorge A. Calderón
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Active Material ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion

Structural Changes in Alloy Anodes for Li-Ion Batteries

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob N. Adams ◽  
Logan J. Ausderau ◽  
George J. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Microstructural Changes ◽  
Volumetric Expansion ◽  
Electrochemical Testing ◽  
Pristine Sample ◽  
Phase Size

Tin (Sn) alloy electrodes show great potential for advancing battery performance due to the high capacity of tin. To realize this potential, the volumetric expansion during the lithiation process must be mitigated. One means of mitigating volumetric expansion of tin is to alloy it with copper to create Cu6Sn5. Such alloy electrodes retain some of the high capacity of tin, while attempting to accommodate volumetric changes with the addition of the malleable copper. Lithiation and delithiation tests were conducted with the Cu6Sn5 pellet electrodes to produce microstructural changes at the electrode surface. To observe and quantify these microstructural changes, x-ray microtomography was performed on electrode samples after electrochemical testing. The microtomography data was reconstructed into a 3D image, segmented, and the continuous phase size distribution (PSD) of each electrode sample was analyzed. The electrodes lithiated to 0 V vs Li/Li+ and then delithiated to 0.2 V vs. Li/Li+ showed the most substantial reduction in overall PSD compared to the other samples. This suggests that full lithiation of the Sn present in the alloy electrodes followed by partial delithiation of the Li4.4Sn to Li2CuSn can cause substantial microstructural changes related to volume expansion on lithiation and structural collapse upon delithiation. The electrodes fully lithiated to 0 V vs Li/Li+ and not delithiated show a higher overall phase size distribution, including all solid phases, than the pristine sample and the electrode samples that were partially lithiated to 0.2 V vs. Li/Li+ and delithiated to 1.5 V vs. Li/Li+. The higher overall phase size distribution that is shown by the sample that was fully lithiated and not delithiated is evidence of the significant volumetric expansion of the Cu6Sn5 compound due to lithiation. During this process of volumetric expansion, the phase size distribution of the Cu6Sn5/Sn phase is shown to decrease. When the volumetric expansion of the lithiated electrode samples and the volumetric contraction of the delithiated electrode sample are considered together, it can be inferred that the microstructural changes that are observed, such as the decrease in phase size distribution of the Cu6Sn5/Sn phase, can be attributed to the volumetric expansion and contraction of the compound during the lithiation and delithiation process.

Preparation of porous MoP-C microspheres without a hydrothermal process as a high capacity anode for lithium ion batteries

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1432-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Yang ◽  
Qin Li ◽  
Huijun Wang ◽  
Jing Feng ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Active Material ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Molybdenum Phosphide ◽  
High Theoretical Capacity

Molybdenum phosphide (MoP) is one promising electro-active material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) in view of its high theoretical capacity.

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