Experimental investigation on a novel composite salt-gradient solar pond with East-West side reflector

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Dhandapani Sathish ◽  
Selvaraj Jegadheeswaran
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Solar Pond ◽  
Triple Layer ◽  
Solar Radiation Intensity ◽  
Salt Gradient ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
East West ◽  
Diurnal Period

Abstract A salt gradient solar pond acts as an eco-friendly and cost-efficient device for storing thermal energy storage. It is crucial to enrich the efficiency of the salt gradient solar pond to boost its thermal energy storage.This current study investigates the hexagonal composite salinity gradient solar pond (HCSGSP) augmented with a dual inclined reflector and triple-layer transparent cover. A micro solar pond having a hexagonal cross-section was fabricated and experimented at Coimbatore, India having a datum and surface area of 1 m and 0.679 m2 respectively. The novel usage of composite salt (Sodium chloride 30%, Magnesium chloride 10%, and Potassium chloride 60%) led to the enhancement of the daily average ponds' temperature. The pond's upper portion was packed with a triple layer glazed cover which shows an uplift of thermal energy and the pond is provided with inclined reflectors made of plywood fixed with mirrors on the east west direction. The purpose of the mirrors is to increase the solar radiation intensity during the diurnal period and also it acts as an insulator which minimizes the heat losses during the nocturnal period.The maximum thermal efficiencies of the top convective, middle non-convective, and bottom convective layers of reformed solar pond were measured to be 23.44%, 30.68%, and 35.63% respectively whereas they were 1.32%, 12.32%, and 23.44% respectively in case of conventional pond.

scholarly journals Empirical and numerical investigation on the thermal efficiency of a tripartite transparent covered hexagonal composite salt-gradient solar pond with East-West side reflector

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sathish D ◽  
Jegadheeswaran S
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
West Side ◽  
Solar Pond ◽  
Triple Layer ◽  
Salt Gradient ◽  
East West

Abstract A salt gradient solar pond represents an eco-friendly and cost-efficient minimal thermal energy storage device. Solar ponds provide an efficient means of capturing and storing solar radiation, rendering it an acceptable alternative to photovoltaic thermal systems for applications requiring a lesser amount of thermal energy to function. It is crucial to enrich the efficiency of the salt gradient solar pond to boost its thermal energy storage. It was efficaciously achieved with the application of salt mixtures, reflectors, and a glazed layer. This current study investigates the hexagonal composite salinity gradient solar pond (HCSGSP) augmented with a dual inclined reflector and triple-layer transparent cover. Measured the ambient temperature, the temperature of layers, solar radiation, inside and outside temperature of the glazed layer. The hexagonal composite salt solar pond unit prevailed with three distinct layers, namely top convective, middle non-convective, and bottom convective layers having varying densities saturated with saline water and freshwater. A micro solar pond having a hexagonal cross-section was fabricated and experimented at Coimbatore, India having a datum and surface area of 1 m and 0.679 m2 respectively. The use of composite salt (Sodium chloride 30%, Magnesium chloride 10%, and Potassium chloride 60%) enhanced the daily average ponds’ temperature. The pond’s upper portion was packed with a triple layer glazed cover which shows an uplift of thermal energy and provided with an east, west side direction inclined reflectors made of plywood fixed with mirrors increases the solar radiation intensity during the nocturnal and diurnal period of the pond. The pond with composite salt, glass layers, and reflectors showed the thermal efficiency of top convective, middle non-convective, and bottom convective layers have been observed to be 23.44%, 30.68%, and 35.63% respectively. Further, it expands its research to determine the shading owing to sidewalls, which have a significant impact on the incident solar radiation and storage of heat energy in the hexagonal salt gradient solar pool. Energy balance numerical equations were modeled for all layers in the pond and were determined mathematically. It validated the suggested framework with the figured out experimental values.

The Influence of Height of LCZ on the Salinity Diffusion of Solar Pond

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 1521-1524
Author(s):  
Chun Juan Gao ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Hai Hong Wu ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
Xi Ping Huang
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Good Method ◽  
Convective Zone ◽  
Solar Ponds ◽  
Solar Pond ◽  
Salt Gradient ◽  
And Diffusion

The solar ponds with a surface of 0.3m2were filled with different concentration salt water and fresh water. The three layer’s structure of solar ponds was formed in the laboratory ponds by using the salinity redistribution. The performance and diffusion of salinity were xperimentally in the solar pond. The measurements were taken and recorded daily at various locations in the salt-gradient solar pond during a period of 30 days of experimentation. The experimental results showed that the salinity gradient layer can sustain a longer time when the lower convective zone is thicker, which is benefit to store solar energy. Therefore, properly increasing the height of LCZ is a good method to enhance the solar pond performance.

Experimental Investigations on Salt Gradient Solar Pond with Additional Non-Convective Zone for Improved Thermal Performance and Stability

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Devendra B. Sadaphale ◽  
S.P. Shekhawat ◽  
Vijay R. Diware
Keyword(s):  
Heat Storage ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Convective Zone ◽  
Salt Flux ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Thickness Variation ◽  
Salty Water ◽  
Solar Pond ◽  
Salt Gradient

Salt gradient solar ponds are to be designed for thermal efficiency and salinity profile stability. As the salt flux moves upward in the pond, the gradient gets destabilized. This is counteracted by intrusion of salt at different levels as and when required. The density of salt is highest at the bottom and minimum at the top. Hence the destabilization effect is more at top that is at the interface of upper convective zone and non-convective zone (NCZ). In order to keep the interface stable, it is desirable to provide a higher slope of salt gradient near it. However, throughout the non-convective zone, it is not feasible to provide higher slope due to solubility limitations. Hence Husain et al (2012) to divide the NCZ into two parts. The top few centimeters may be given a higher slope and the rest of the zone may be given mild slope as usual. Husain et al (2012) have given analysis for the same and found it to be feasible. However, the experimental feasibility of the same needs to be verified. The present work has done an attempt for the same. In this study, an insulated solar pond with a surface area of 1.40 m2and a depth of 1.14 m is built at the SSBT’s College of Engineering and Technology, Jalgaon in the Maharashtra State (India). The three salty water zones (upper convective, non-convective and heat storage) were formed by filling the pond with salty water of various densities. 6 Thermocouples (type Pt100A) (C+0.2%) were used to measure the temperature profile within the pond. A maximum temperature of 47°C was recorded in the heat storage zone in time span considered for study. The results obtained from experimentation is verified with the concept suggested by Hussain et al (2012) it has been found that they are in a good agreement. The influence of varying the thicknesses of the zones present in a salinity gradient solar pond on the temperatures of the upper convective zone (UCZ) and the lower convective zone (LCZ) is investigated. Also, it is found that by adding the additional non convective zone of 50 mm thickness above the UCZ the heat collection capacity of the LCZ is increased noticeably. The study finds that thickness variation of the zones within the pond is a practical feasibility. The system worked for the entire experimental duration effectively without failure.

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A SIMPLE THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR HEAT EXCHANGER FOR POWER GENERATION FROM SALINITY GRADIENT SOLAR POND

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baljit Singh ◽  
Altenaijy Saoud ◽  
Muhammed Fairuz Remeli ◽  
Lai Chet Ding ◽  
Abhijit Date ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermoelectric Generator ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Thermoelectric Generators ◽  
Lower Zone ◽  
Solar Pond ◽  
Electrical Power Output

Solar pond is one source of renewable thermal energy. The solar pond collects and stores thermal energy at the lower zone of the solar pond. The temperature at the lower zone can reach up to 90 °C. The solar pond is capable storing thermal energy for a long period. The stored thermal energy can be converted into electricity by using thermoelectric generators. These thermoelectric generators can be operated using the cold and hot zones from a solar pond. In this paper, the experimental investigation of power generation from the solar pond using thermoelectric generator and simple heat exchanger is discussed. A maximum of 7.02 W of electrical power output was obtained from a simple heat exchanger with 40 thermoelectric modules.

scholarly journals A Prototype of Salt Gradient Solar Pond as Alternative Energy Source for Coastal Communities in Bengkulu

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-27
Author(s):  
Afdhal Kuniawan Mainil
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Solar Pond ◽  
Storage Zone ◽  
Salt Gradient ◽  
Further Development

One of the developing technologies of renewable energy is the Salt Gradient Solar Pond (SGSP). SGSP utilize solar energy by storing its thermal energy in a pond of saline solution. Bengkulu Province has a high intensity of sunlight and a long coastline with an abundance of salt water. Therefore, it is a very suitable location for further development of SGSP technology. The design of SGSP prototype had been carried out by using a 1 m3 cylinder as the saline solution pond. The density and temperature of the solution were measured at 11 points from the bottom to the top of the cylinder. The results show that the keeper of the pond, the more density of the solution, in which the highest solution density was at the bottom of the pond, i.e., 1.206 gr/cm3. The average temperature of the solution was 44.2°C. The maximum temperature, which was 48.7 °C, was observed around the storage zone, about 0.3 m from the pond‘s bottom. The results of the measurements of salinity gradient and temperatures show that this prototype of SGSP is appropriate to be used for storing heat around the storage zone.

scholarly journals Industrial Heating application of a Salinity gradient solar pond for salt production

2019 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Bawahab ◽  
Hosam Faqeha ◽  
Quoc Line Ve ◽  
Ahmadreza Faghih ◽  
Abhijit Date ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Salt Production ◽  
Solar Pond ◽  
Industrial Heating

Dynamic effects in a salinity-gradient solar-pond heating system

1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.T. Kangas ◽  
P.D. Lund
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Dynamic Effects ◽  
Solar Pond
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