scholarly journals Mitigation options to reduce peak air temperature and air-conditioning demand in the context of a warming climate for a tropical coastal city

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Rabindra Pokhrel ◽  
Jorge Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Mitigation Options ◽  
Systems Model ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The International Energy Agency (IEA) predicts the cooling requirement for buildings globally increases by three-fold by 2050 without additional policy interventions. The impacts of these increases for energy demand for human comfort are more pronounced in the Caribbean, where building energy demands often exceed 50% of the total electricity. This study presents mid-of century and end of century cooling demand projections along with demand alleviation measures for San Juan Metropolitan Area of the Caribbean Island of Puerto Rico using a high-resolution configuration of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with Building Energy Model (BEM) forced by bias-corrected Community Earth Systems Model (CESM1) global simulations. The World Urban Database Access Portal Tool (WUDAPT) Land Class Zones (LCZ) is used for urban classes and the MODIS land covers land use is depicted for all-natural classes. Energy mitigation options explored include the integration of solar power in buildings, the use of white roofs, and high-efficiency HVAC systems. The impact of climate change is simulated to increase minimum temperatures at the same rate as maximum temperatures. However, the maximum temperatures are projected to rise by 1-1.5C and 2C for mid and end-of-century, respectively, increasing peak AC demand by 12.5% and 25%, correspondingly. However, the explored mitigation options surpass both increases in temperature and AC demand. The AC demand reduction potential with energy mitigation options for 2050 and 2100 decreases the need by 13% and 1.5% with the historical periods.

Repositioning gas in the power generation mix

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 647
Author(s):  
Martin Wilkes
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
World Energy ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Since the turn of the century, gas has been highlighted as the transition fuel to a lower emissions world, and, in 2011, the International Energy Agency published a special report entitled ‘Are we entering the golden age of gas’, which indicated that gas use could rise by over 50% to provide more than 25% of world energy demand by 2035. Even though gas use has risen in tandem with the increase in renewable energy, over the past decade, coal has been the fastest growing fuel because developing countries choose cheap power to provide their growing energy needs. Gas has been, and continues to be, subject to a green, cheap squeeze; squeezed by cleaner renewables on the one hand, and cheaper coal on the other. This paper will look at the impact that increasing amounts of renewable energy has on existing power generation and supply systems, and provide insights into the potential range of outcomes in emission levels, and the need to not only discuss renewable energy target, but to also understand the total energy mix, and the need to reposition gas from a transition fuel to the natural long-term companion of renewables.

scholarly journals Modeling and Optimization of Smart Building Energy Management System Considering Both Electrical and Thermal Load

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 574
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hilal Khan ◽  
Azzam Ul Asar ◽  
Nasim Ullah ◽  
Fahad R. Albogamy ◽  
Muhammad Kashif Rafique
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Management System ◽  
Smart Building ◽  
Building Energy Management ◽  
Real Coded Genetic Algorithm ◽  
The Impact

Energy consumption in buildings is expected to increase by 40% over the next 20 years. Electricity remains the largest source of energy used by buildings, and the demand for it is growing. Building energy improvement strategies is needed to mitigate the impact of growing energy demand. Introducing a smart energy management system in buildings is an ambitious yet increasingly achievable goal that is gaining momentum across geographic regions and corporate markets in the world due to its potential in saving energy costs consumed by the buildings. This paper presents a Smart Building Energy Management system (SBEMS), which is connected to a bidirectional power network. The smart building has both thermal and electrical power loops. Renewable energy from wind and photo-voltaic, battery storage system, auxiliary boiler, a fuel cell-based combined heat and power system, heat sharing from neighboring buildings, and heat storage tank are among the main components of the smart building. A constraint optimization model has been developed for the proposed SBEMS and the state-of-the-art real coded genetic algorithm is used to solve the optimization problem. The main characteristics of the proposed SBEMS are emphasized through eight simulation cases, taking into account the various configurations of the smart building components. In addition, EV charging is also scheduled and the outcomes are compared to the unscheduled mode of charging which shows that scheduling of Electric Vehicle charging further enhances the cost-effectiveness of smart building operation.

scholarly journals Passive solar systems for buildings: performance indicators analysis and guidelines for the design

2020 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 02008
Author(s):  
Giacomo Cillari ◽  
Fabio Fantozzi ◽  
Alessandro Franco
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Solar Systems ◽  
Passive Solar

Data from the International Energy Agency confirm that in a zero-energy perspective the integration of solar systems in buildings is essential. The development of passive solar strategies has suffered the lack of standard performance indicators and design guidelines. The aim of this paper is to provide a critical analysis of the main passive solar design strategies based on their classification, performance evaluation and selection methods, with a focus on integrability. Climate and latitude affect the amount of incident solar radiation and the heat losses, while integrability mainly depends on the building structure. For existing buildings, shading and direct systems represent the easiest and most effective passive strategies, while building orientation and shape are limited to new constructions: proper design can reduce building energy demand around 40%. Commercial buildings prefer direct use systems while massive ones with integrated heat storage are more suitable for family houses. A proper selection must consider the energy and economic balance of different building services involved: a multi-objective evaluation method represents the most valid tool to determine the overall performance of passive solar strategies.

scholarly journals Impact Assessment for Building Energy Models Using Observed vs. Third-Party Weather Data Sets

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Lucas Segarra ◽  
Germán Ramos Ruiz ◽  
Vicente Gutiérrez González ◽  
Antonis Peppas ◽  
Carlos Fernández Bandera
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Weather Station ◽  
Energy Models ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Energy Strategies

The use of building energy models (BEMs) is becoming increasingly widespread for assessing the suitability of energy strategies in building environments. The accuracy of the results depends not only on the fit of the energy model used, but also on the required external files, and the weather file is one of the most important. One of the sources for obtaining meteorological data for a certain period of time is through an on-site weather station; however, this is not always available due to the high costs and maintenance. This paper shows a methodology to analyze the impact on the simulation results when using an on-site weather station and the weather data calculated by a third-party provider with the purpose of studying if the data provided by the third-party can be used instead of the measured weather data. The methodology consists of three comparison analyses: weather data, energy demand, and indoor temperature. It is applied to four actual test sites located in three different locations. The energy study is analyzed at six different temporal resolutions in order to quantify how the variation in the energy demand increases as the time resolution decreases. The results showed differences up to 38% between annual and hourly time resolutions. Thanks to a sensitivity analysis, the influence of each weather parameter on the energy demand is studied, and which sensors are worth installing in an on-site weather station are determined. In these test sites, the wind speed and outdoor temperature were the most influential weather parameters.

The Impact of Pavement Albedo on Radiative Forcing and Building Energy Demand: Comparative Analysis of Urban Neighborhoods

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (40) ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
Xin Xu ◽  
Jeremy Gregory ◽  
Randolph Kirchain
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Urban Neighborhoods ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reflective Surfaces

Albedo is the measure of the ratio of solar radiation reflected by the Earth’s surface. High-albedo reflective surfaces absorb less energy and reflect more shortwave radiation. The change in radiative energy balance at the top-of-atmosphere (TOA), which is called radiative forcing (RF), reduces nearby air temperatures and influences the surrounding building energy demand (BED). The impact of reflective surfaces on RF and BED has been investigated separately by researchers through modeling and observational studies, however, no one has compared RF and BED impacts under the same context and the net effect of these two phenomena remains unclear. This paper presents a comprehensive approach to assess the net impacts of pavement albedo modification strategies in selected urban neighborhoods. We apply an adapted analytical model for RF and a hybrid model framework combining two different models for BED to estimate the impacts of increasing pavement albedo from 0.1 to 0.3 for different urban neighborhoods in Boston and Phoenix. The impact of several context-specific factors, including location, urban morphology, shadings etc., are taken into account in the models. Comparative analysis reveals that the net impact of changing pavement albedo can vary from one neighborhood to another. In Phoenix downtown, reflective pavements create net global warming potential burdens, while increasing pavement albedo results in potential savings in the Boston downtown area. This work provides insights into pavement albedo impacts at urban scale and supports more informed decisions on pavement designs that save energy and counteract some of the effects of global warming.

Thermal Bridges Minimizing through Typical Details in Low Energy Designing

2014 ◽  
Vol 899 ◽  
pp. 62-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rastislav Ingeli ◽  
Boris Vavrovič ◽  
Miroslav Čekon
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Building Energy Efficiency ◽  
Low Energy Buildings ◽  
Thermal Bridges ◽  
The Impact

Energy demand reduction in buildings is an important measure to achieve climate change mitigation. It is essential to minimize heat losses in designing phase in accordance of building energy efficiency. For building energy efficiency in a mild climate zone, a large part of the heating demand is caused by transmission losses through the building envelope. Building envelopes with high thermal resistance are typical for low-energy buildings in general. In this sense thermal bridges impact increases by using of greater thickness of thermal insulation. This paper is focused on thermal bridges minimizing through typical system details in buildings. The impact of thermal bridges was studied by comparative calculations for a case study of building with different amounts of thermal insulation. The calculated results represent a percentage distribution of heat loss through typical building components in correlation of various thicknesses of their thermal insulations.

The impact of indoor thermal conditions, system controls and building types on the building energy demand

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Paolo Corgnati ◽  
Enrico Fabrizio ◽  
Marco Filippi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
The Impact

Neither oil nor coal demand is likely to peak by 2040

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
First Time

Subject Long-term energy markets outlook. Significance The International Energy Agency (IEA) has upgraded its forecast for total primary energy demand (TPED) to 2040 for the first time since it began projecting this far out in 2014. Impacts The IEA’s belief that the world is on an environmentally unsustainable path will bolster decarbonisation efforts nationally and globally. The IEA does not see oil demand peaking by 2040; this and gas’s growing share of global demand will help sustain oil and gas investment. China and India switching from coal to gas will reduce coal’s share of energy demand even though India’s official targets are optimistic.

Key Technology of Hydraulic System Design of Large-Scale Blow Molding Machine

2015 ◽  
Vol 713-715 ◽  
pp. 118-121
Author(s):  
You Wei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Key Technology ◽  
Simulation And Optimization ◽  
Blow Molding ◽  
Flow Demand ◽  
The Impact

This paper carries on the simulation and optimization of hydraulic system, which focuses on the high energy consumption problem of large-scale blow molding machines. According to the characteristics of long work period and great fluctuation of flow demand, the paper designs the oil supplying system that can match the actuators’ hydraulic energy demand, introduces the working process of each component in the system, and analyzes the key technology of hydraulic system as well. The design and research avoids the shortcomings such as more components, complex debugging, discontinuous control and unstable operation, substantially reduces the installed capacity of variable pump and driving motor, and in the meantime, solves the impact problem of actuators effectively, which can make hydraulic system high efficiency, energy saving and run steadily.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document