Resolving Pitching Airfoil Transonic Aerodynamics by Cfd Data Modeling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Upender K Kaul
Keyword(s):  
Data Model ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Lift Coefficient ◽  
Hysteresis Loops ◽  
Pitching Airfoil ◽  
Reduced Frequency ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Transonic Flutter

Abstract A detailed numerical study of harmonically pitching airfoils of NACA00 series is presented here. Based on the analysis of the CFD results, a hypothesis is made that a simple data model can capture the dynamics of the airfoils in pitch. The data model is based on the cl ?? (lift coefficient - angle of attack) hysteresis loops that retain generic geometrical characteristics for a wide range of reduced frequency, k, encountered in flutter in transonic flows for all the NACA00 airfoils considered. The model was trained on a subset of the considered NACA00 airfoils and then tested on the remaining NACA00 set, for a subset of the reduced frequencies. The model predictions of the cl ? ? hysteresis loops for the test set are shown to be in excellent agreement with the CFD results for the range of k typical of transonic flutter. The data model offers a paradigm shift in the prediction of transonic flow dynamics of pitching airfoils and will guide the development of a new transfer function that will be incorporated in a new aeroelastic framework leading to an appropriate transonic flutter model for use in the development of future aircraft.

Numerical Study of Aerodynamic Forces of Two Airfoils in Tandem Configuration at Low Reynolds Number

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hosseini ◽  
M. Tadjfar ◽  
A. Abba
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Low Reynolds Number ◽  
Aerodynamic Forces ◽  
Tandem Configuration ◽  
Pitching Airfoil ◽  
Reduced Frequency ◽  
Low Reynolds ◽  
Lift And Drag ◽  
Two Parameters

Abstract For a tandem airfoil configuration, an airfoil is placed in the wake of an upstream airfoil. This interaction affects the aerodynamic forces of the airfoils, especially the downstream one. In the present study a tandem configuration consists of an upstream pitching airfoil and a downstream stationary airfoil is investigated. This study aims to investigate the role of reduced frequency and pitch amplitude of the upstream airfoil’s motion on lift and drag coefficients of two airfoils. These two parameters play an important role in the formation of vortices. The investigation is done for Selig-Donovan 7003 (SD7003) airfoils at low Reynolds number of 30,000 using a computational fluid dynamics. Incompressible URANS equations were employed for solving the flow field. It was found that for a fixed reduced frequency of 0.5 thrust is produced on the hindfoil for a part of cycle for different pitch amplitudes from light to deep stall while for a fixed pitch amplitude at different reduced frequencies high level of thrust or drag can be produced. The reason is related to the type and intensity of vortex-blade interaction.

Experimental and Numerical Study of a Pitching Blade

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Amiralaei ◽  
H. Alighanbari
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Hysteresis Loops ◽  
Aerodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Qualitative Behavior ◽  
Reduced Frequency ◽  
Lift Curve ◽  
High Turbulence ◽  
Volume Method

The objective of the present study is to investigate the effects of the reduced frequency on the aerodynamic characteristics of a three dimensional pitching blade. Experimental data are recorded at three sections of the blade model; tip, middle, and root sections at low and high turbulence intensities. A 2D numerical simulation is also conducted based on the Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) equations and Finite Volume Method (FVM) and the results are compared with those of the experimental observations. The results show that 2D numerical simulations are useful in obtaining the qualitative behavior of the flow field. Moreover, it is shown experimentally that the reduced frequency is of great importance to the flow physics. It affects the maximum lift coefficients, hysteresis loops, lift curve slopes, and angles at which stall occurs.

scholarly journals Strain Sensor via Wood Anomalies in 2D Dielectric Array

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1022
Author(s):  
Rashid G. Bikbaev ◽  
Ivan V. Timofeev ◽  
Vasiliy F. Shabanov
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Reciprocal Lattice ◽  
Strain Sensing ◽  
Photonic Materials ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sensor Structure ◽  
Optical Behavior ◽  
Chlorophyll Absorption

Optical sensing is one of many promising applications for all-dielectric photonic materials. Herein, we present an analytical and numerical study on the strain-responsive spectral properties of a bioinspired sensor. The sensor structure contains a two-dimensional periodic array of dielectric nanodisks to mimic the optical behavior of grana lamellae inside chloroplasts. To accumulate a noticeable response, we exploit the collective optical mode in grana ensemble. In higher plants, such a mode appears as Wood’s anomaly near the chlorophyll absorption line to control the photosynthesis rate. The resonance is shown persistent against moderate biological disorder and deformation. Under the stretching or compression of a symmetric structure, the mode splits into a couple of polarized modes. The frequency difference is accurately detected. It depends on the stretch coefficient almost linearly providing easy calibration of the strain-sensing device. The sensitivity of the considered structure remains at 5 nm/% in a wide range of strain. The influence of the stretching coefficient on the length of the reciprocal lattice vectors, as well as on the angle between them, is taken into account. This adaptive phenomenon is suggested for sensing applications in biomimetic optical nanomaterials.

Numerical study of geometric morphing wings of the 1303 UCAV

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
B. Nugroho ◽  
J. Brett ◽  
B.T. Bleckly ◽  
R.C. Chin
Keyword(s):  
Flight Control ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Aerodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Morphing Wing ◽  
Rolling Moment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Morphing Wings ◽  
Wing Geometry ◽  
Lift And Drag ◽  
Wing Morphing

ABSTRACT Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles (UCAVs) are believed by many to be the future of aerial strike/reconnaissance capability. This belief led to the design of the UCAV 1303 by Boeing Phantom Works and the US Airforce Lab in the late 1990s. Because UCAV 1303 is expected to take on a wide range of mission roles that are risky for human pilots, it needs to be highly adaptable. Geometric morphing can provide such adaptability and allow the UCAV 1303 to optimise its physical feature mid-flight to increase the lift-to-drag ratio, manoeuvrability, cruise distance, flight control, etc. This capability is extremely beneficial since it will enable the UCAV to reconcile conflicting mission requirements (e.g. loiter and dash within the same mission). In this study, we conduct several modifications to the wing geometry of UCAV 1303 via Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to analyse its aerodynamic characteristics produced by a range of different wing geometric morphs. Here we look into two specific geometric morphing wings: linear twists on one of the wings and linear twists at both wings (wash-in and washout). A baseline CFD of the UCAV 1303 without any wing morphing is validated against published wind tunnel data, before proceeding to simulate morphing wing configurations. The results show that geometric morphing wing influences the UCAV-1303 aerodynamic characteristics significantly, improving the coefficient of lift and drag, pitching moment and rolling moment.

scholarly journals A Computational Study on the Role of Parameters for Identification of Thyroid Nodules by Infrared Images (and Comparison with Real Data)

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4459
Author(s):  
José R. González ◽  
Charbel Damião ◽  
Maira Moran ◽  
Cristina A. Pantaleão ◽  
Rubens A. Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Heat Transfer Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Infrared Sensors ◽  
Wide Range

According to experts and medical literature, healthy thyroids and thyroids containing benign nodules tend to be less inflamed and less active than those with malignant nodules. It seems to be a consensus that malignant nodules have more blood veins and more blood circulation. This may be related to the maintenance of the nodule’s heat at a higher level compared with neighboring tissues. If the internal heat modifies the skin radiation, then it could be detected by infrared sensors. The goal of this work is the investigation of the factors that allow this detection, and the possible relation with any pattern referent to nodule malignancy. We aim to consider a wide range of factors, so a great number of numerical simulations of the heat transfer in the region under analysis, based on the Finite Element method, are performed to study the influence of each nodule and patient characteristics on the infrared sensor acquisition. To do so, the protocol for infrared thyroid examination used in our university’s hospital is simulated in the numerical study. This protocol presents two phases. In the first one, the body under observation is in steady state. In the second one, it is submitted to thermal stress (transient state). Both are simulated in order to verify if it is possible (by infrared sensors) to identify different behavior referent to malignant nodules. Moreover, when the simulation indicates possible important aspects, patients with and without similar characteristics are examined to confirm such influences. The results show that the tissues between skin and thyroid, as well as the nodule size, have an influence on superficial temperatures. Other thermal parameters of thyroid nodules show little influence on surface infrared emissions, for instance, those related to the vascularization of the nodule. All details of the physical parameters used in the simulations, characteristics of the real nodules and thermal examinations are publicly available, allowing these simulations to be compared with other types of heat transfer solutions and infrared examination protocols. Among the main contributions of this work, we highlight the simulation of the possible range of parameters, and definition of the simulation approach for mapping the used infrared protocol, promoting the investigation of a possible relation between the heat transfer process and the data obtained by infrared acquisitions.

Heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids from a sinusoidal corrugated cylinder placed in a square cavity

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440622110272
Author(s):  
Salaika Parvin ◽  
Nepal Chandra Roy ◽  
Litan Kumar Saha ◽  
Sadia Siddiqa
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Nusselt Number ◽  
Rayleigh Number ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Average Nusselt Number ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Heat Transfer Characteristics ◽  
Number Range ◽  
Transfer Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range

A numerical study is performed to investigate nanofluids' flow field and heat transfer characteristics between the domain bounded by a square and a wavy cylinder. The left and right walls of the cavity are at constant low temperature while its other adjacent walls are insulated. The convective phenomena take place due to the higher temperature of the inner corrugated surface. Super elliptic functions are used to transform the governing equations of the classical rectangular enclosure into a system of equations valid for concentric cylinders. The resulting equations are solved iteratively with the implicit finite difference method. Parametric results are presented in terms of streamlines, isotherms, local and average Nusselt numbers for a wide range of scaled parameters such as nanoparticles concentration, Rayleigh number, and aspect ratio. Several correlations have been deduced at the inner and outer surface of the cylinders for the average Nusselt number, which gives a good agreement when compared against the numerical results. The strength of the streamlines increases significantly due to an increase in the aspect ratio of the inner cylinder and the Rayleigh number. As the concentration of nanoparticles increases, the average Nusselt number at the internal and external cylinders becomes stronger. In addition, the average Nusselt number for the entire Rayleigh number range gets enhanced when plotted against the volume fraction of the nanofluid.

Nonlinear dynamic behaviour of guy cables in turbulent winds

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce F Sparling ◽  
Alan G Davenport
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Dynamic Behaviour ◽  
Aerodynamic Drag ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Horizontal Displacement ◽  
Wind Loading ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Nonlinear Coupling ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cable Vibrations

Large amplitude cable vibrations are difficult to predict using linear theory due to the presence of sag in the suspended profile. A numerical study was therefore undertaken to investigate the dynamic behaviour of inclined cables excited by imposed displacements. To model the nonlinear nature of cable response, a time domain finite element approach was adopted using nonlinear catenary cable elements. Two types of horizontal displacement patterns were enforced at the upper end of the guy. In the first phase of the study, harmonic displacement histories with a wide range of forcing frequencies were considered. In the second phase, random enforced displacements were used to simulate the motion of a guyed mast in gusty winds. The influence of aerodynamic drag and damping forces was investigated by performing analyses under still air, steady wind, and turbulent wind conditions. It was found that nonlinear coupling of related harmonic response components was significant at certain critical frequencies, particular when the excitation was harmonic and acted in the plane of the guy. Positive aerodynamic damping was shown to effectively suppress resonant and nonlinear coupling response.Key words: cables, structural dynamics, wind loading, finite element method, nonlinear analysis, guyed towers.

Dynamic Stall Simulation of Flow Over NACA0012 Airfoil at 1 Million Reynolds Number

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkata Ravishankar Kasibhotla ◽  
Danesh Tafti
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Lift Coefficient ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dynamic Stall ◽  
Sharp Drop ◽  
Airfoil Surface ◽  
Naca0012 Airfoil ◽  
Reduced Frequency ◽  
Edge Vortex

The paper is concerned with the prediction and analysis of dynamic stall of flow past a pitching NACA0012 airfoil at 1 million Reynolds number based on the chord length of the airfoil and at reduced frequency of 0.25 in a three dimensional flow field. The turbulence in the flow field is resolved using large eddy simulations with the dynamic Smagorinsky model at the sub grid scale. The development of dynamic stall vortex, shedding and reattachment as predicted by the present study are discussed in detail. This study has shown that the downstroke phase of the pitching motion is strongly three dimensional and is highly complex, whereas the flow is practically two dimensional during the upstroke. The lift coefficient agrees well with the measurements during the upstroke. However, there are differences during the downstroke. The computed lift coefficient undergoes a sharp drop during the start of the downstroke as the convected leading edge vortex moves away from the airfoil surface. This is followed by a recovery of the lift coefficient with the formation of a secondary trailing edge vortex. While these dynamics are clearly reflected in the predicted lift coefficient, the experimental evolution of lift during the downstroke maintains a fairly smooth and monotonic decrease in the lift coefficient with no lift recovery. The simulations also show that the reattachment process of the stalled airfoil is completed before the start of the upstroke in the subsequent cycle due to the high reduced frequency of the pitching cycle.

Near-Wall Microlayer Evaporation Analysis and Experimental Study of Nucleate Pool Boiling on Inclined Surfaces

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Naterer ◽  
W. Hendradjit ◽  
K. J. Ahn ◽  
J. E. S. Venart
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Heating Surface ◽  
Nucleate Boiling ◽  
Inclined Surfaces ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Microlayer Evaporation ◽  
Near Wall

Boiling heat transfer from inclined surfaces is examined and an analytical model of bubble growth and nucleate boiling is presented. The model predicts the average heat flux during nucleate boiling by considering alternating near-wall liquid and vapor periods. It expresses the heat flux in terms of the bubble departure diameter, frequency and duration of contact with the heating surface. Experiments were conducted over a wide range of upward and downward-facing surface orientations and the results were compared to model predictions. More active microlayer agitation and mixing along the surface as well as more frequent bubble sweeps along the heating surface provide the key reasons for more effective heat transfer with downward facing surfaces as compared to upward facing cases. Additional aspects of the role of surface inclination on boiling dynamics are quantified and discussed.

scholarly journals Drops bouncing off macro-textured superhydrophobic surfaces

2017 ◽  
Vol 824 ◽  
pp. 866-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mazloomi Moqaddam ◽  
Shyam S. Chikatamarla ◽  
Iliya V. Karlin
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Superhydrophobic Surfaces ◽  
Nonlinear Behaviour ◽  
Textured Surfaces ◽  
Texture Density ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Quantitative Manner ◽  
The Impact

Recent experiments with droplets impacting macro-textured superhydrophobic surfaces revealed new regimes of bouncing with a remarkable reduction of the contact time. Here we present a comprehensive numerical study that reveals the physics behind these new bouncing regimes and quantifies the roles played by various external and internal forces. For the first time, accurate three-dimensional simulations involving realistic macro-textured surfaces are performed. After demonstrating that simulations reproduce experiments in a quantitative manner, the study is focused on analysing the flow situations beyond current experiments. We show that the experimentally observed reduction of contact time extends to higher Weber numbers, and analyse the role played by the texture density. Moreover, we report a nonlinear behaviour of the contact time with the increase of the Weber number for imperfectly coated textures, and study the impact on tilted surfaces in a wide range of Weber numbers. Finally, we present novel energy analysis techniques that elaborate and quantify the interplay between the kinetic and surface energy, and the role played by the dissipation for various Weber numbers.

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