Novel Empirical Correlation for Estimation of the Total Organic Carbon in Devonian Shale from the Spectral Gamma-Ray and Based on the Artificial Neural Networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdulhamid Mahmoud ◽  
Salaheldin Elkatatny
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Empirical Correlation ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Artificial Neural

Abstract Evaluation of the quality of unconventional hydrocarbon resources becomes a critical stage toward characterizing these resources, this evaluation requires evaluation of the total organic carbon (TOC). Generally, TOC is determined from laboratory experiments, however, it is hard to obtain a continuous profile for the TOC along the drilled formations using these experiments. Another way to evaluate the TOC is through the use of empirical correlation, the currently available correlations lack the accuracy especially when used in formations other than the ones used to develop these correlations. This study introduces an empirical equation for evaluation of the TOC in Devonian Duvernay shale from only gamma-ray and spectral gamma-ray logs of uranium, thorium, and potassium as well as a newly developed term that accounts for the TOC from the linear regression analysis. This new correlation was developed based on the artificial neural networks (ANN) algorithm which was learned on 750 datasets from Well-A. The developed correlation was tested and validated on 226 and 73 datasets from Well-B and Well-C, respectively. The results of this study indicated that for the training data, the TOC was predicted by the ANN with an AAPE of only 8.5%. Using the developed equation, the TOC was predicted with an AAPE of only 11.5% for the testing data. For the validation data, the developed equation overperformed the previous models in estimating the TOC with an AAPE of only 11.9%.

scholarly journals Artificial Neural Networks pruning approach for geodetic velocity field determination

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 558-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Velocity Field ◽  
Back Propagation ◽  
Geodetic Network ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Point Velocity ◽  
Hidden Neurons

There has been a need for geodetic network densification since the early days of traditional surveying. In order to densify geodetic networks in a way that will produce the most effective reference frame improvements, the crustal velocity field must be modelled. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are widely used as function approximators in diverse fields of geoinformatics including velocity field determination. Deciding the number of hidden neurons required for the implementation of an arbitrary function is one of the major problems of ANN that still deserves further exploration. Generally, the number of hidden neurons is decided on the basis of experience. This paper attempts to quantify the significance of pruning away hidden neurons in ANN architecture for velocity field determination. An initial back propagation artificial neural network (BPANN) with 30 hidden neurons is educated by training data and resultant BPANN is applied on test and validation data. The number of hidden neurons is subsequently decreased, in pairs from 30 to 2, to achieve the best predicting model. These pruned BPANNs are retrained and applied on the test and validation data. Some existing methods for selecting the number of hidden neurons are also used. The results are evaluated in terms of the root mean square error (RMSE) over a study area for optimizing the number of hidden neurons in estimating densification point velocity by BPANN.

scholarly journals Development of two models for estimation of rapid chloride penetration and investigation on effective parameters using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Payam Vosoughi ◽  
Mahmoud Motahari Karein ◽  
Ali Kazemian ◽  
Sasan Tavakol ◽  
Ali A. Ramezanianpour
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Chloride Penetration ◽  
Surface Resistivity ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Artificial Neural

In this paper Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are employed to develop a model which could estimate the RCPT value of various mixtures according to the mix design parameters, age and surface resistivity of concrete specimens. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis is carried out on the best ANN model to determine the influence of each input on the concrete resistance to the rapid chloride penetration. 258 experimental datasets, resulted from 79 mix designs, were used as training data for ANN models; all of which prepared and tested in Concrete Technology and Durability Research Center of Amirkabir University of Technology (CTDRC). Another simplified model is proposed using linear regression analysis; which estimates the RCPT value simply according to surface resistivity measure. Finally, eight mixtures prepared in Building and Housing Research Center (BHRC) and six mixtures obtained from real-life projects, are employed to compare and validate the proposed models.

scholarly journals Total organic carbon (TOC) quantification using artificial neural networks: Improved prediction by leveraging XRF data

2021 ◽  
pp. 109302
Author(s):  
Septriandi A. Chan ◽  
Amjed M. Hassan ◽  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
John D. Humphrey ◽  
Yaser Alzayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Artificial Neural

scholarly journals Non-Destructive Micromagnetic Determination of Hardness and Case Hardening Depth Using Linear Regression Analysis and Artificial Neural Networks

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Rahel Jedamski ◽  
Jérémy Epp
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Case Hardening ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Non Destructive

Non-destructive determination of workpiece properties after heat treatment is of great interest in the context of quality control in production but also for prevention of damage in subsequent grinding process. Micromagnetic methods offer good possibilities, but must first be calibrated with reference analyses on known states. This work compares the accuracy and reliability of different calibration methods for non-destructive evaluation of carburizing depth and surface hardness of carburized steel. Linear regression analysis is used in comparison with new methods based on artificial neural networks. The comparison shows a slight advantage of neural network method and potential for further optimization of both approaches. The quality of the results can be influenced, among others, by the number of teaching steps for the neural network, whereas more teaching steps does not always lead to an improvement of accuracy for conditions not included in the initial calibration.

scholarly journals Autonomous flight cycles and extreme landings of airliners beyond the current limits and capabilities using artificial neural networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitham Baomar ◽  
Peter J. Bentley
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Control Models ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Network Modules ◽  
Artificial Neural

AbstractWe describe the Intelligent Autopilot System (IAS), a fully autonomous autopilot capable of piloting large jets such as airliners by learning from experienced human pilots using Artificial Neural Networks. The IAS is capable of autonomously executing the required piloting tasks and handling the different flight phases to fly an aircraft from one airport to another including takeoff, climb, cruise, navigate, descent, approach, and land in simulation. In addition, the IAS is capable of autonomously landing large jets in the presence of extreme weather conditions including severe crosswind, gust, wind shear, and turbulence. The IAS is a potential solution to the limitations and robustness problems of modern autopilots such as the inability to execute complete flights, the inability to handle extreme weather conditions especially during approach and landing where the aircraft’s speed is relatively low, and the uncertainty factor is high, and the pilots shortage problem compared to the increasing aircraft demand. In this paper, we present the work done by collaborating with the aviation industry to provide training data for the IAS to learn from. The training data is used by Artificial Neural Networks to generate control models automatically. The control models imitate the skills of the human pilot when executing all the piloting tasks required to pilot an aircraft between two airports. In addition, we introduce new ANNs trained to control the aircraft’s elevators, elevators’ trim, throttle, flaps, and new ailerons and rudder ANNs to counter the effects of extreme weather conditions and land safely. Experiments show that small datasets containing single demonstrations are sufficient to train the IAS and achieve excellent performance by using clearly separable and traceable neural network modules which eliminate the black-box problem of large Artificial Intelligence methods such as Deep Learning. In addition, experiments show that the IAS can handle landing in extreme weather conditions beyond the capabilities of modern autopilots and even experienced human pilots. The proposed IAS is a novel approach towards achieving full control autonomy of large jets using ANN models that match the skills and abilities of experienced human pilots and beyond.

scholarly journals Estimation of electrical resistivity using artificial neural networks: a case study from Lublin Basin, SE Poland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Ważny ◽  
Michał Stefaniuk ◽  
Adam Cygal
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Multilayer Perceptrons ◽  
Borehole Data ◽  
Geological Interpretation ◽  
Se Poland ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Reliable Solution

AbstractArtificial neural networks method (ANNs) is a common estimation tool used for geophysical applications. Considering borehole data, when the need arises to supplement a missing well log interval or whole logging—ANNs provide a reliable solution. Supervised training of the network on a reliable set of borehole data values with further application of this network on unknown wells allows creation of synthetic values of missing geophysical parameters, e.g., resistivity. The main assumptions for boreholes are: representation of similar geological conditions and the use of similar techniques of well data collection. In the analyzed case, a set of Multilayer Perceptrons were trained on five separate chronostratigraphic intervals of borehole, considered as training data. The task was to predict missing deep laterolog (LLD) logging in a borehole representing the same sequence of layers within the Lublin Basin area. Correlation between well logs data exceeded 0.8. Subsequently, magnetotelluric parametric soundings were modeled and inverted on both boreholes. Analysis showed that congenial Occam 1D models had better fitting of TM mode of MT data in each case. Ipso facto, synthetic LLD log could be considered as a basis for geophysical and geological interpretation. ANNs provided solution for supplementing datasets based on this analytical approach.

scholarly journals Opportunities and Constraints in Applying Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in Food Authentication. Honey—A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6723
Author(s):  
Ariana Raluca Hategan ◽  
Romulus Puscas ◽  
Gabriela Cristea ◽  
Adriana Dehelean ◽  
Francois Guyon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Training Sample ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Neural Structure ◽  
Food Authentication ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Artificial Neural

The present work aims to test the potential of the application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for food authentication. For this purpose, honey was chosen as the working matrix. The samples were originated from two countries: Romania (50) and France (53), having as floral origins: acacia, linden, honeydew, colza, galium verum, coriander, sunflower, thyme, raspberry, lavender and chestnut. The ANNs were built on the isotope and elemental content of the investigated honey samples. This approach conducted to the development of a prediction model for geographical recognition with an accuracy of 96%. Alongside this work, distinct models were developed and tested, with the aim of identifying the most suitable configurations for this application. In this regard, improvements have been continuously performed; the most important of them consisted in overcoming the unwanted phenomenon of over-fitting, observed for the training data set. This was achieved by identifying appropriate values for the number of iterations over the training data and for the size and number of the hidden layers and by introducing of a dropout layer in the configuration of the neural structure. As a conclusion, ANNs can be successfully applied in food authenticity control, but with a degree of caution with respect to the “over optimization” of the correct classification percentage for the training sample set, which can lead to an over-fitted model.

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