30 Years of Dry Low Nox Micromix Combustor Research for Hydrogen-rich Fuels ? an Overview of Past and Present Activities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald H.-W. Funke ◽  
Nils Beckmann ◽  
Jan Keinz ◽  
Atsushi Horikawa
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Pure Hydrogen ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Jet In Crossflow ◽  
Fuel Flexibility ◽  
University Of Applied Sciences ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine ◽  
And Control

Abstract The paper presents an overview of the past and present of low-emission combustor research with hydrogen-rich fuels at Aachen University of Applied Sciences. In 1990, AcUAS started developing the Dry-Low-NOx Micromix combustion technology. Micromix reduces NOx emissions using jet-in-crossflow mixing of multiple miniaturized fuel jets and combustor air with an inherent safety against flashback. At first, pure hydrogen as fuel was investigated with lab-scale applications. Later, Micromix prototypes were developed for the use in an industrial gas turbine Honeywell/Garrett GTCP-36-300, proving low NOx characteristics during real gas turbine operation, accompanied by the successful definition of safety laws and control system modifications. Further, the Micromix was optimized for the use in annular and can combustors as well as for fuel-flexibility with hydrogen-methane-mixtures and hydrogen-rich syngas qualities by means of extensive experimental and numerical simulations. In 2020, the latest Micromix application will be demonstrated in a commercial 2 MW-class gas turbine can-combustor with full-scale engine operation. The paper discusses the advances in Micromix research over the last three decades.

30 Years of Dry Low NOx Micromix Combustor Research for Hydrogen-Rich Fuels: An Overview of Past and Present Activities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald H.-W. Funke ◽  
Nils Beckman ◽  
Jan Keinz ◽  
Atsushi Horikawa
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Pure Hydrogen ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Jet In Crossflow ◽  
Fuel Flexibility ◽  
University Of Applied Sciences ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine ◽  
And Control

Abstract The paper presents an overview of the past and present of low-emission combustor research with hydrogen-rich fuels at Aachen University of Applied Sciences. In 1990, AcUAS started developing the Dry-Low-NOx Micromix combustion technology. Micromix reduces NOx emissions using jet-in-crossflow mixing of multiple miniaturized fuel jets and combustor air with an inherent safety against flashback. At first, pure hydrogen as fuel was investigated with lab-scale applications. Later, Micromix prototypes were developed for the use in an industrial gas turbine Honeywell/Garrett GTCP-36-300, proving low NOx characteristics during real gas turbine operation, accompanied by the successful definition of safety laws and control system modifications. Further, the Micromix was optimized for the use in annular and can combustors as well as for fuel-flexibility with hydrogen-methane-mixtures and hydrogen-rich syngas qualities by means of extensive experimental and numerical simulations. In 2020, the latest Micromix application will be demonstrated in a commercial 2 MW-class gas turbine can-combustor with full-scale engine operation. The paper discusses the advances in Micromix research over the last three decades.

Ten Years of DLE Industrial Gas Turbine Operating Experiences

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Cowell ◽  
Colin Etheridge ◽  
Ken Smith
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Diffusion Flame ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Emissions Reductions ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Lean Premixed Combustion ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

Industrial gas turbine manufacturers began offering engines configured with dry low emissions (DLE) control in 1992. In the past ten years the performance and emissions reductions have been well demonstrated by DLE equipment. To date DLE gas turbines have relied on lean premixed combustion technology to achieve emissions reductions of 8 to 10 fold from “conventional” diffusion flame engines. The significant new content incorporated for DLE combustion systems has required industrial gas turbine manufacturers and users to work with greater synergy to overcome significant challenges. As evidence of this ultimately successful integration, DLE gas turbines are now as common in service as conventional diffusion flame engines. With thousands of DLE units sold one would expect that DLE gas turbines are now a mature product. In many aspects, this is true. However, emissions regulations and other market drivers have continued to change, forcing DLE equipment to continually evolve. A Solar history of DLE gas turbine developments, capabilities, and experiences are provided to give operators background and knowledge to reduce field issues and maximize availability of their DLE gas turbines. Design limitations and problems encountered in the field are discussed along with the steps that were taken to resolve them. Recommendations on DLE engine operation to avoid unscheduled downtime are presented. Design improvements to reduce emissions further and improve system flexibility are summarized.

Fuel Flexibility With Low Emissions in Heavy Duty Industrial Gas Turbines

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Predrag Popovic ◽  
Geoffrey Myers ◽  
Joseph Citeno ◽  
Richard Symonds ◽  
Anthony Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Premixed Combustion ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Fuel Flexibility ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

In the 1990’s GE introduced low-emissions combustion technology primarily for gas turbines burning natural gas (NG) fuel. Today, industrial gas turbine fuels are more diverse than ever. As a result, diverse diffusion and premixed combustion technologies are used to burn gaseous fuels with low emissions. This paper summarizes combustion and gas turbine control challenges when firing diverse fuels, and advancements in technology when burning a wide range of fuels with low emissions.

Performance Prediction of Gas Turbine Under Different Strategies Using Low Heating Value Fuel

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson Batista da Silva ◽  
Marcelo Assato ◽  
Rosiane Cristina de Lima
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Surge Margin ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

Usually, the turbogenerators are designed to fire a specific fuel, depending on the project of these engines may be allowed the operation with other kinds of fuel compositions. However, it is necessary a careful evaluation of the operational behavior and performance of them due to conversion, for example, from natural gas to different low heating value fuels. Thus, this work describes strategies used to simulate the performance of a single shaft industrial gas turbine designed to operate with natural gas when firing low heating value fuel, such as biomass fuel from gasification process or blast furnace gas (BFG). Air bled from the compressor and variable compressor geometry have been used as key strategies by this paper. Off-design performance simulations at a variety of ambient temperature conditions are described. It was observed the necessity for recovering the surge margin; both techniques showed good solutions to achieve the same level of safe operation in relation to the original engine. Finally, a flammability limit analysis in terms of the equivalence ratio was done. This analysis has the objective of verifying if the combustor will operate using the low heating value fuel. For the most engine operation cases investigated, the values were inside from minimum and maximum equivalence ratio range.

Numerical and Experimental Evaluation of a Dual-Fuel Dry-Low-NOx Micromix Combustor for Industrial Gas Turbine Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald H. W. Funke ◽  
Nils Beckmann ◽  
Jan Keinz ◽  
Sylvester Abanteriba
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Pure Hydrogen ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

Abstract The dry-low-NOx (DLN) micromix combustion technology has been developed originally as a low emission alternative for industrial gas turbine combustors fueled with hydrogen. Currently, the ongoing research process targets flexible fuel operation with hydrogen and syngas fuel. The nonpremixed combustion process features jet-in-crossflow-mixing of fuel and oxidizer and combustion through multiple miniaturized flames. The miniaturization of the flames leads to a significant reduction of NOx emissions due to the very short residence time of reactants in the flame. The paper presents the results of a numerical and experimental combustor test campaign. It is conducted as part of an integration study for a dual-fuel (H2 and H2/CO 90/10 vol %) micromix (MMX) combustion chamber prototype for application under full scale, pressurized gas turbine conditions in the auxiliary power unit Honeywell Garrett GTCP 36-300. In the presented experimental studies, the integration-optimized dual-fuel MMX combustor geometry is tested at atmospheric pressure over a range of gas turbine operating conditions with hydrogen and syngas fuel. The experimental investigations are supported by numerical combustion and flow simulations. For validation, the results of experimental exhaust gas analyses are applied. Despite the significantly differing fuel characteristics between pure hydrogen and hydrogen-rich syngas, the evaluated dual-fuel MMX prototype shows a significant low NOx performance and high combustion efficiency. The combustor features an increased energy density that benefits manufacturing complexity and costs.

scholarly journals Loss in Axial Compressor Bleed Systems

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Grimshaw ◽  
J. Brind ◽  
G. Pullan ◽  
R. Seki
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Control Volume ◽  
Axial Compressor ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Loss Coefficient ◽  
Dynamic Head ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Gas Turbine Compressor ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine ◽  
Loss Mechanisms

Abstract Loss in axial compressor bleed systems is quantified, and the loss mechanisms identified, in order to determine how efficiency can be improved. For a given bleed air pressure requirement, reducing bleed system loss allows air to be bled from further upstream in the compressor, with benefits for the thermodynamic cycle. A definition of isentropic efficiency which includes bleed flow is used to account for this. Two cases with similar bleed systems are studied: a low-speed, single-stage research compressor and a large industrial gas turbine high-pressure compressor. A new method for characterising bleed system loss is introduced, using research compressor test results as a demonstration case. A loss coefficient is defined for a control volume including only flow passing through the bleed system. The coefficient takes a measured value of 95% bleed system inlet dynamic head, and is shown to be a weak function of compressor operating point and bleed rate, varying by ±2.2% over all tested conditions. This loss coefficient is the correct non-dimensional metric for quantifying and comparing bleed system performance. Computations of the research compressor and industrial gas turbine compressor identify the loss mechanisms in the bleed system flow. In both cases, approximately two-thirds of total loss is due to shearing of a high-velocity jet at the rear face of the bleed slot, one quarter is due to mixing in the plenum chamber and the remainder occurs in the off-take duct. Therefore, the main objective of a designer should be to diffuse the flow within the bleed slot. A redesigned bleed slot geometry is presented that achieves this objective and reduces the loss coefficient by 31%.

Design Flexibility Permits a 35000 HP Industrial Gas Turbine to Meet a Wide Range of Application Requirements

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Kuly
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
High Ambient Temperature ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Exhaust Heat ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

Two recent applications for a heavy duty industrial gas turbine engine are discussed. The principal design requirements for both cases are compared and the design changes necessary to meet the requirements are illustrated. In the case of a main pipeline compressor driver, the need for high thermal efficiency over a wide range of loads is met by use of a regenerative cycle and by reprogramming the loading sequence. Long term step increases in engine capability were provided by incorporating a unique engine convertability feature. In the case of a process air compressor driver with exhaust heat recovery, the engine exhaust temperature and gas flow imposed constraints on engine capability during high ambient temperature operation and on engine operation at low ambient temperature conditions. The constraints were met by the use of steam injection to augment power at high ambient temperature conditions and by the use of variable inlet guide vanes to control exhaust flow at the low temperatures.

scholarly journals A Software Environment for the Modelling, Simulation and Control of Industrial Gas Turbine Engines

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Poole ◽  
A. G. Salsi ◽  
F. S. Bhinder ◽  
S. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Software Environment ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Simulation And Control ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine ◽  
And Control ◽  
Modelling Simulation

This paper describes a computer program which has been developed to simulate industrial gas turbine engines to aid the design and application of fuel controllers. It explains the program structure and, as an example, gives the application of the program to the modelling of a simple two shaft industrial gas turbine engine. A brief discussion of the value of the implementation language, C++, is also given.

scholarly journals Dynamic Modeling of Single-Shaft Industrial Gas Turbine

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bettocchi ◽  
P. R. Spina ◽  
F. Fabbri
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Dynamic Modeling ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Steady State Condition ◽  
On Line ◽  
Working Parameters ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine ◽  
And Control ◽  
Measurement And Control

In the paper the dynamic non-linear model of single shaft industrial gas turbine was developed as the first stage of a methodology aimed at the diagnosis of measurement and control sensors and gas turbine operating conditions. The model was calibrated by means of reference steady-state condition data of a real industrial gas turbine and was used to simulate various machine transients. The model is modular in structure and was carried out in simplified form, but not so as to compromise its accuracy, to reduce the calculation time and thus make it more suitable for on-line simulation. The comparison between values of working parameters obtained by the simulations and measurements during some transients on the gas turbine in operation provided encouraging results.

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