Classification and Comparison of Mechanical Design of Powered Ankle–Foot Prostheses for Transtibial Amputees Developed in the 21st Century: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Liu ◽  
Noor Azuan Abu Osman ◽  
Mouaz Al Kouzbary ◽  
Hamza Al Kouzbary ◽  
Nasrul Anuar Abd Razak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Database Search ◽  
Online Information ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
Transtibial Amputees

Abstract A systematic review of the mechanical design of powered ankle-foot prostheses developed from 2000 to 2019 was conducted through database and manual searches. A total of 10 English and two Chinese databases were searched using the same keywords. Moreover, information on commercialized prostheses was collected through a manual search. A total of 8,729 publications were obtained from the database search, and 83 supplementary publications and 49 online product introductions were accumulated through the manual search. A total of 91 powered ankle-foot prostheses were extracted from 159 publications and online information after exclusion. The mechanical design characteristics of the prostheses were described briefly and compared after they were categorized into 11 subclassifications. This review revealed that a considerable number of powered ankle-foot prostheses were developed in the last 20 years. The development of such prostheses was characterized by alternative modes, that is, from pneumatic or hydraulic drivers to motorized drivers and from rigid transmissions to elastic actuators. This review contributes to the comprehensive understanding of current designs, which can benefit the combination of the advantages of and redundancy avoidance in future powered ankle-food protheses.

scholarly journals Physical Therapy to Prevent Osteopenia in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 664
Author(s):  
Galaad Torró-Ferrero ◽  
Francisco Javier Fernández-Rego ◽  
Antonia Gómez-Conesa
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Quantitative Synthesis ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
Almost All

Background: During the last trimester of pregnancy, about 80% of the infant’s calcium is incorporated, and for this reason, preterm infants have less bone mineralization compared to those born at term. The aim of the present systematic review was to identify, evaluate and summarize the studies that deal with the effect of physiotherapy modalities in the prevention and treatment of osteopenia in preterm infants. Methods: A comprehensive search (09/2019–02/2021) using PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, ProQuest, SciELO, Latindex, ScienceDirect, PEDro and ClinicalTrials.gov was carried out. The following data were extracted: The number of participants, characteristics of the participants, design, characteristics of the intervention, outcome measures, time of evaluation and results. A non-quantitative synthesis of the extracted data was performed. The methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using a PEDro scale and ROB-2 scale, respectively. Results: A total of 16 studies were analyzed, presenting a methodological quality that ranged from 3 to 8 points, and all showed some concerns regarding their risk of bias. Almost all studies (15/16) used passive mobilizations with joint pressure to prevent osteopenia, but they differed in the intensity and frequency of application. Conclusions: A daily exercise program of passive mobilizations with joint pressure, improves bone mineralization in preterm infants admitted to neonatal units.

Developing Leadership Talent in Adolescents and Emerging Adults: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 001698622110075
Author(s):  
Melanie S. Meyer ◽  
Anne N. Rinn
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Gifted Education ◽  
Talent Development ◽  
State Standards ◽  
Database Search ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Leadership Programs ◽  
Service Models

Leadership talent development has been identified as a priority in national and state standards for gifted education. However, leadership programs in schools are not always supported by mandates or funding in individual states and implementation is not always feasible within the constraints of local gifted service models. Although some research has been devoted to leadership for gifted and high-ability adolescents and emerging adults, a limited number of studies on the identification, measurement, and development of leadership talent have been conducted. This systematic review of literature examined existing research on leadership talent development for adolescents and emerging adults. A database search identified 38 quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies that were screened, summarized, and synthesized for discussion. The review highlighted research contexts, definitions of leadership, and themes that captured the recommendations researchers made across studies. Implications for developing leadership talent and suggestions for future research are discussed.

The pests of a pest: A systematic review of ectoparasitic fauna among synanthropic rodents in the 21st century with meta-analysis

Acta Tropica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 215 ◽  
pp. 105802
Author(s):  
Jeffery Ho ◽  
Tanasak Changbunjong ◽  
Thekhawet Weluwanarak ◽  
Sabir Hussain ◽  
Olivier Sparagano
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Synanthropic Rodents

scholarly journals Schizophrenia outcomes in the 21st century: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Huxley ◽  
Anne Krayer ◽  
Rob Poole ◽  
Louise Prendergast ◽  
Sanjaya Aryal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
21St Century

scholarly journals Accuracy and Reliability of Soft Tissue Landmarks Using Three-Dimensional Imaging in Comparison With Two-Dimensional Cephalometrics: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-296
Author(s):  
Adeeba Ali ◽  
Anil K. Chandna ◽  
Anshul Munjal
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Database Search ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Imaging Tool ◽  
Electronic Database Search

Background: Concerns about the accuracy and reliability of soft tissue landmarks using two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) imaging. Objective: The aim of the systematic review is to estimate accuracy and reliability of soft tissue landmarks with 2D imaging and 3D imaging for orthodontic diagnosis planning and treatment planning purposes. Data Sources: Electronic database search was performed in MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase via embase.com, and the Cochrane library website. Selection Criteria: The data were extracted according to two protocols based on Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM) critical appraisal tools. Next, levels of evidence were categorized into three groups: low, medium, and high. Data Synthesis: Fifty-five publications were found through database search strategies. A total of nine publications were included in this review. Conclusion According to the available literature, 3D imaging modalities were more accurate and reliable as compared to 2D modalities. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was considered the most reliable imaging tool for soft tissues.

scholarly journals Musculoskeletal biomechanics in sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit activities with stroke subjects: a systematic review

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Danielli Coelho de Morais Faria ◽  
Viviane Amaral Saliba ◽  
Luci Fuscaldi Teixeira-Salmela
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Extensive Literature Search

INTRODUCTION: Sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit are two of the most mechanically demanding activities undertaken in daily life and which are usually impaired in stroke subjects. OBJECTIVES: To determine the distinguishing characteristics in musculoskeletal biomechanical outcomes of the sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit activities with stroke subjects, with an emphasis on the clinical management of stroke disabilities, in a systematic review. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An extensive literature search was performed with the MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PEDro, LILACS, and SciELO databases, followed by a manual search, to select studies on musculoskeletal biomechanical outcomes in both activities with stroke subjects, without language restrictions, and published until December/2007. RESULTS: Out of the 432 studies, only 11 reported biomechanical outcomes of both activities and none reached the total score on the selected quality parameters. The majority of the experimental studies which compared groups did not achieve acceptable scores on their methodological quality (PEDRo). The investigated conditions and interventions were also restricted. Only one study compared biomechanical outcomes between the activities, but only evaluated the time spent to perform them. Few musculoskeletal biomechanical outcomes have been investigated, being weight bearing on the lower limbs and duration of the activities the most investigated. CONCLUSION: There is little information regarding musculoskeletal biomechanical outcomes during these activities with stroke subjects and no definite conclusions can be drawn regarding the particularities of these outcomes on their performance with stroke survivors.

scholarly journals USE OF PSYCHOTROPICS IN EVERYDAY LIFE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF HEALTH PROFESSIONALS AND PATIENTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Fonseca Ribeiro Filardi ◽  
VÂnia Eloisa De AraÚjo ◽  
Yone De Almeida Nascimento ◽  
Djenane Ramalho De Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Psychotropic Drugs ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Personal Problems ◽  
Pubmed Central ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
The Social ◽  
Support Mechanisms

The use of psychotropic drugs to treat problems of everyday life is a growing phenomenon in many countries. A systematic review was conducted as a method of synthesis of results of the qualitative primary studies developed to explore the perspective of health professionals and patients regarding the use of psychotropic drugs to overcome personal problems. This systematic review was conducted in the databases Medline (PubMed), Central (Cochrane), Psycoinfo and Lilacs, including gray literature and manual search (june/2015). We identified 581 publications that were evaluated in stages and 26 met the inclusion criteria with a total of 876 participants including health professionals and patients. The doctors showed empathy by prescribing. The health professionals-prescribers and non-prescribers-were concerned about the dependence of patients on the psychotropic and the pressure to prescribe. Patients felt unable to solve their problems and seek medications as a solution. The psychotropics were considered a useful resource to overcome the social problems, existing denial of its side effects as well as the lack of openness and access to other support mechanisms.

scholarly journals Health Informatics in Developing Countries: Systematic Review of Reviews Contribution of the IMIA Working Group Health Informatics for Development

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
C. Otero ◽  
A. Marcelo ◽  
D. Luna
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Health Informatics ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Search Term ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Review Of Reviews

Summary Objectives: An evidence-base is important for medicine and health informatics. Despite numerous publications showing the benefits of health informatics, the emergence of health information systems in developing countries has been slower than expected. The aim of this paper is to identify systematic reviews on the domain of health informatics in developing countries, and classify the different types of applications covered. Methods: A systematic review of reviews was conducted. The literature search spanned the time period between 2000 and 2012 and included PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane Systematic Reviews, LILACS, and Google Scholar. The search term was ‘systematic reviews of health informatics in developing countries’, and transparent and systematic procedures were applied to limit bias at all stages. Results: Of the 982 identified articles, only 10 met the inclusion criteria and one more article was added in a second manual search, resulting in a total of 11 systematic reviews for the analysis. Conclusions: Although it was difficult to find high quality resources on the selected domain, the best evidence available allowed us to generate this report and create an incipient review of the state of the art in health informatics in the developing countries. More studies will be needed to optimize the results.

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