Comparative Study of Incremental Forming and Elevated Temperature Incremental Forming Through Experimental Investigations on AA 1050 Sheet

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Swarit Anand Singh ◽  
Satwik Priyadarshi ◽  
Puneet Tandon
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Incremental Forming ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
If Technique ◽  
Volume Production ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
Flexible Forming Process

Abstract Unlike conventional forming processes, incremental forming (IF) does not require any part-specific tooling. It is a flexible forming process that is suitable to form user-specific shapes and for low volume production. The IF process has been recognized as a promising manufacturing process over conventional forming for the materials having decent formability. However, it does not give reliable results while forming hard to form materials. A few investigations revealed that heat plays a vital role in enhancing the formability. On heating, the yield stress of the materials gets reduced, the ductility increases, and hence the formability improves. Thus, for the materials having poor formability, an advance IF technique, elevated temperature incremental forming (ET-IF), has been developed. ET-IF involves incremental forming of the sheets while being heated by an external heat supply. This research study focuses on the execution of the ET-IF process and its comparison with the conventional IF process. A radiation type heating device to perform the ET-IF process is designed and fabricated. The experimental investigations were carried out on 1 mm thick AA 1050 sheets by carrying out the IF process at room temperature and enhanced temperatures. Experimentation was initiated with performing straight grove tests, which were later extended to form a few more shapes. Experimental results confirm the delay in fracture and intensification of formability with the ET-IF process in comparison to that of the IF process at room temperature. The work overcomes the limitation and enlarges the scope of application of the IF process.

Importance of Feature Sequencing in Incremental Forming

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Lingam ◽  
C. L. Harikrishnan ◽  
I. V. M. Kishan ◽  
N. Venkata Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Incremental Forming ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Incremental Sheet Forming ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Multiple Features ◽  
Fixed Boundary ◽  
Local Support ◽  
Volume Production ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Flexible Forming Process

Incremental Sheet Forming (ISF) is a flexible forming process suitable for low volume production of sheet metal components. Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF), which has only one tool forming the geometry, is the simplest variant of incremental forming. Bending of sheet between the component opening and the fixed boundary is unavoidable in SPIF due to the absence of support/backup. Double Sided Incremental Forming (DSIF) has two tools which can be used interchangeably for forming and providing local support. The accuracy of parts formed using DSIF is superior to those formed using SPIF as the unwanted bending is substantially reduced by providing local support. In addition DSIF is capable of forming components with features on both sides of the initial plane of sheet and convex and concave features without additional setup. In ISF, as the deformation progresses, the intended geometry slowly develops, this increases the stiffness of the sheet. While forming multiple features, the forming sequence greatly affects the way stiffness builds-up, which further affects the geometry of formed components. In the present work, an experimental investigation is carried out to demonstrate the affect of forming sequence on the geometries and accuracy of formed component. Results presented show that the feature sequencing greatly affects the geometry and accuracy of formed components.

Low Temperature Warm Forming of Magnesium ZEK 100 Sheets for Automotive Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 783-786 ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Ping Niu ◽  
Tim Skszek ◽  
Mark Fabischek ◽  
Alex Zak
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Warm Forming ◽  
Automotive Applications ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Stamping Die ◽  
Automotive Parts ◽  
Volume Production

Cosma R&D investigated a low temperature warm forming process by which a magnesium ZEK 100 door inner part with a single-stage draw depth of 144 mm was successfully formed. The warm forming process is comprised of three steps: 1) heating pre-lubricated blanks in an oven at temperatures ranging from 215°C to 260 °C, 2) robotic transfer of the heated blank to a mechanical stamping press, 3) forming of the panel in room temperature stamping die at speed of about 160 mm/s. The effect of process parameters on the formability of the part, as well as, the post-forming properties including the mechanical properties, microstructure evolution and deformation thinning are also presented. The result indicates that Magnesium ZEK 100 exhibits superior low temperature warm formability over Magnesium AZ31B, and the developed warm forming process is promising and potential for volume production of magnesium automotive parts.

Further Experimental Investigations and FEM Model Development in Sheet Incremental Forming

2005 ◽  
Vol 6-8 ◽  
pp. 501-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Giardini ◽  
Elisabetta Ceretti ◽  
Aldo Attanasio
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Tool Path ◽  
Incremental Forming ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Fem Analysis ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Minimum Thickness

Sheet Incremental Forming (SIF) is a modern technique that deforms the sheet on a positive or negative die using a simple punch mounted on a general purpose CNC machine. Several working parameters (tool path, spiral width and tool depth) have been studied in previous papers [1, 2] analyzing their influence on a simple part when working AISI 304 or Cu DHP sheets. The main problem was to study the process feasibility, that is, the possibility of correctly deforming the pieces without breaking them. The research reported here has been focused mainly on other two important variables, studying their influence on the final part quality: the punch diameter and its velocity when deforming the sheet. Surface roughness and minimum thickness of the deformed sheet have been chosen as parameters for analyzing and evaluating the process efficiency. In FEM analysis, a simulation model was developed and implemented considering Cu DHP sheet. The comparison with experimental results was used to validate the simulation model and to identify the most suitable simulation parameter values (friction coefficient between various elements and blank holder force). The developed and validated model can be used for studying the process optimization. The results obtained in this paper can also be used as guidelines for the correct design of Sheet Incremental Forming process.

Method for Manufacturing Custom-Shaped Prosthetic Parts from Titanium Alloys by Incremental Forming Using Industrial Robots

2014 ◽  
Vol 555 ◽  
pp. 575-579
Author(s):  
Carmen Cotigă ◽  
Octavian Bologa ◽  
Gabriel Racz ◽  
Radu Breaz
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Incremental Forming ◽  
Industrial Robot ◽  
Incremental Sheet Forming ◽  
Human Medicine ◽  
Industrial Robots ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
New Class ◽  
Titanium Alloy Ti6al4v

The last decade has shown an increasing interest in a new class of forming processes known as Incremental Sheet forming (ISF). A possible application for this new procedure, targeted by the authors of this paper, is the manufacturing of custom-shaped prosthetic parts for use in various areas of human medicine. Such prostheses can have a functional role, when they target the replacing of a functional component of the human body, or an esthetic role, when they target the solving of problems related to the appearance of the human body. In this paper the authors aim to determine the strain hardening curves for the titanium alloy Ti6Al4V at room temperature and at 800°C. The incremental forming process will be performed by means of an industrial robot.

scholarly journals A numerical approach for the modelling of forming limits in hot incremental forming of AZ31 magnesium alloy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Campanella ◽  
Gianluca Buffa ◽  
Ernesto Lo Valvo ◽  
Livan Fratini
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Incremental Forming ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Forming Limit ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Wall Angle ◽  
Analytical Expression ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Specific Material

AbstractMagnesium alloys, because of their good specific material strength, can be considered attractive by different industry fields, as the aerospace and the automotive one. However, their use is limited by the poor formability at room temperature. In this research, a numerical approach is proposed in order to determine an analytical expression of material formability in hot incremental forming processes. The numerical model was developed using the commercial software ABAQUS/Explicit. The Johnson-Cook material model was used, and the model was validated through experimental measurements carried out using the ARAMIS system. Different geometries were considered with temperature varying in a range of 25–400 °C and wall angle in a range of 35–60°. An analytical expression of the fracture forming limit, as a function of temperature, was established and finally tested with a different geometry in order to assess the validity.

scholarly journals Room-temperature oxygen vacancy migration induced reversible phase transformation during the anelastic deformation in CuO

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Li ◽  
Guoxujia Chen ◽  
He Zheng ◽  
Weiwei Meng ◽  
Shuangfeng Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Oxygen Vacancy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
High Temperature Superconductivity ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Solid State Chemistry ◽  
Vacancy Migration ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Anelastic Deformation ◽  
Reversible Phase

AbstractFrom the mechanical perspectives, the influence of point defects is generally considered at high temperature, especially when the creep deformation dominates. Here, we show the stress-induced reversible oxygen vacancy migration in CuO nanowires at room temperature, causing the unanticipated anelastic deformation. The anelastic strain is associated with the nucleation of oxygen-deficient CuOx phase, which gradually transforms back to CuO after stress releasing, leading to the gradual recovery of the nanowire shape. Detailed analysis reveals an oxygen deficient metastable CuOx phase that has been overlooked in the literatures. Both theoretical and experimental investigations faithfully predict the oxygen vacancy diffusion pathways in CuO. Our finding facilitates a better understanding of the complicated mechanical behaviors in materials, which could also be relevant across multiple scientific disciplines, such as high-temperature superconductivity and solid-state chemistry in Cu-O compounds, etc.

The Static Mechanical Property of Concrete at Elevated Temperature

2011 ◽  
Vol 261-263 ◽  
pp. 212-216
Author(s):  
Jun Lin Tao ◽  
Li Bo Qin ◽  
Kui Li ◽  
Bin Jia
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Critical Strain ◽  
Plain Concrete ◽  
Constitutive Relationship ◽  
Heating Method ◽  
Experiment System ◽  
Wave Heating ◽  
Static Mechanical

Using micro-wave heating method, the previous disadvantages of heating slowly and non-uniform are broken through. And plain concrete high temperature loading experiment system is composed of the method and material experiment machine. Many experiments of self-made concrete are carried out from room temperature to 600°C by this system. The strength and critical strain of concrete with temperature are obtained, and through analysis of the compressive stress-strain curves under different temperature, the constitutive relationship is established. The result shows that this constitutive relationship is greatly agrees with experiment. Meanwhile, the phenomenon is analyzed and explained in the progress of experiment.

scholarly journals S235JRC+C Steel Response Analysis Subjected to Uniaxial Stress Tests in the Area of High Temperatures and Material Fatigue

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5675
Author(s):  
Josip Brnic ◽  
Marino Brcic ◽  
Sebastian Balos ◽  
Goran Vukelic ◽  
Sanjin Krscanski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Uniaxial Stress ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Staircase Method ◽  
Mechanical Fatigue ◽  
Proper Material

Knowledge of the properties and behavior of materials under certain working conditions is the basis for the selection of the proper material for the design of a new structure. This paper deals with experimental investigations of the mechanical properties of unalloyed high quality steel S235JRC + C (1.0122) and its behavior under conditions of high temperatures, creep and mechanical fatigue. The response of the material at high temperatures (20–700 °C) is shown in the form of engineering stress-strain diagrams while that at creep behavior (400–600 °C) is shown in the form of creep curves. Furthermore, based on uniaxial fully reversed mechanical fatigue tests (R=−1), a stress-life (S-N) fatigue diagram has been constructed and the fatigue (endurance) limit of the material is calculated The experimentally determined value of tensile strength at room temperature is 534 MPa. The calculated value of the fatigue limit, also at room temperature, using the modified staircase method and based on the mechanical fatigue tests data, is 202 MPa. With regard to creep resistance, steel 1.0122 can be considered creep-resistant only at a temperature of 400 °C and at an applied stress not exceeding 50% of the yield strength corresponding to this temperature.

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