Improving Precision in Aluminum Alloy Machining Due to the Application of Diamond-Like Carbon Thin Film

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
William de Melo Silva ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Martins ◽  
Vagner Eustáquio de Carvalho ◽  
Nilson Cristino da Cruz ◽  
Enzo Claudino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Tungsten Carbide ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Diamond Like Carbon ◽  
Drilling Operations ◽  
Raman Backscatter

Abstract Cutting precision is extremely affected by a phenomenon known as built up edge (BUE) that occurs on tungsten carbide tools during low cutting speed of aluminum alloy. BUE is responsible for early tool breakage due to excessive material build up from the machined part on the cutting face, leading to problems of shape irregularity and tool-tip breakage. Thus, diamond-like carbon (DLC) was deposited and tested to verify cutting precision in aluminum alloy by using tungsten carbide tools. The characterizations of the film were morphology analysis through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), structural atomic analyze of chemical bond from Raman backscatter spectroscopy, the distribution of carbon atoms on the film surface by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the evaluation of Young’s modulus and hardness using the Oliver–Pharr method. To analyze the cutting precision, drilling tests were performed on coated/uncoated drills at two cutting speeds (340 and 430 m/min). As an evaluation parameter in the aluminum alloy, the hole diameter deviation was measured after pre determined numbers of drilling operations. Statistical comparisons between the diameter deviation as a function of the number of drilling test indicated better cutting accuracy for the DLC-coated tool. The factors identified in this work, such as the reduction of the friction coefficient, and the hardness and Young’s modulus of the DLC helped in the performance of the tool, mainly in the lower cutting speed.

scholarly journals Structure, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Me-Doped Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) (Me = Al, Ti, or Nb) Hydrogenated Amorphous Carbon Coatings

Coatings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imane Bouabibsa ◽  
Salim Lamri ◽  
Frederic Sanchette
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Diamond Like Carbon ◽  
Carbon Coatings ◽  
Dlc Coatings ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mechanical And Tribological Properties

Metal containing hydrogenated diamond-like carbon coatings (Me-DLC, Me = Al, Ti, or Nb) of 3 ± 0.2 μm thickness were deposited by a magnetron sputtering-RFPECVD hybrid process in an Ar/H2/C2H2 mixture. The composition and structure were investigated by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy. The residual stress was measured using the curvature method and nanoindentation was used to determine the hardness and the Young’s modulus. A Ball-on-disk tribometer was employed to investigate the frictional properties and sliding wear resistance of films. The results show that the properties depend on the nature and the Me content in the coatings. The doping of the DLC coatings leads to a decrease in hardness, Young’s modulus, and residual stresses. Wear rate of the films first decreases with intermediate Me contents and then increases for higher Me contents. Significant improvements in the friction coefficient on steel as well as in the wear rate are observed for all Al-DLC coatings, and, concerning the friction coefficient, the lowest value is measured at 0.04 as compared to 0.07 for the undoped DLC.

scholarly journals Improved Osseointegration of a TiNbSn Alloy with a Low Young’s Modulus Treated with Anodic Oxidation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomonori Kunii ◽  
Yu Mori ◽  
Hidetatsu Tanaka ◽  
Atsushi Kogure ◽  
Masayuki Kamimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Anodic Oxidation ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Ti6al4v Alloy ◽  
Apatite Formation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pull Out

Abstract Ti6Al4V alloy orthopedic implants are widely used as Ti6Al4V alloy is a biocompatible material and resistant to corrosion. However, Ti6Al4V alloy has higher Young’s modulus compared with human bone. The difference of elastic modulus between bone and titanium alloy may evoke clinical problems because of stress shielding. To resolve this, we previously developed a TiNbSn alloy offering low Young’s modulus and improved biocompatibility. In the present study, the effects of sulfuric acid anodic oxidation on the osseointegration of TiNbSn alloy were assessed. The apatite formation was evaluated with Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses. The biocompatibility of TiNbSN alloy was evaluated in experimental animal models using pull-out tests and quantitative histological analyses. The results of the surface analyses indicated that sulfuric anodic oxidation induced abundant superficial apatite formation of the TiNbSn alloy disks and rods, with a 5.1-µm-thick oxide layer and submicron-sized pores. In vivo, treated rods showed increased mature lamellar bone formation and higher failure loads compared with untreated rods. Overall, our findings indicate that anodic oxidation with sulfuric acid may help to improve the biocompatibility of TiNbSn alloys for osseointegration.

scholarly journals Adhesive Joint Stiffness in the Aspect of FEM Modelling

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 3911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anasiewicz ◽  
Kuczmaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Adhesive Joint ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Joint Stiffness ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Boundary Zone ◽  
Adhesive Properties

The paper presents the results of nanoindentation testing, carried out along the thickness of the adhesive joint joining sheets of aluminum alloy. The purpose of the tests was to determine changes in the Young’s modulus in the joint resulting from the active impact of the joined aluminum alloy sheets on the adhesive during curing of the adhesive bond. Structural changes that take place during curing of the joint, especially in the boundary zone, can have a significant impact on the adhesive properties and consequently, on the adhesive joint strength. The Young’s modulus of the adhesive (Ek) in the joint assumes variable values as the distance from the connections changes. This phenomenon is called the apparent Young’s modulus. The problem is to define the size of the boundary zone in which the value of Ek significantly differs from the value in the so-called core. Based on the obtained results of experimental tests, a numerical model was built taking into account the observed differences in the properties of the joint material. The stress distribution in the adhesive joint, single-lap connection with the three-zone adhesive joint, was analyzed in comparison to the classical numerical model in which adhesive in the adhesive joint is treated as isotropic in terms of rigidity.

In Situ Measurement of the Young’s Modulus of an Embedded Inclusion by Acoustic Microscopy

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Canumalla ◽  
G. A. Gordon ◽  
R. N. Pangborn
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Rayleigh Wave ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Target Material ◽  
Acoustic Microscopy ◽  
Alloy Matrix ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rayleigh Wave Speed

Alumina-silicate inclusions (shot) have been found to adversely affect the mechanical properties of a short alumina-silicate fiber reinforced aluminum alloy (A356). To better understand the differences between the responses of the shot and fibers to applied loads, the Young’s modulus of the shot is measured and compared to that of the fibers. The Rayleigh wave speed in the shot particle (cross-sectional area of 200 μm × 150 μm), measured in situ to be 4041 m/s using a scanning acoustic microscope, was used to calculate the Young’s modulus of the shot particle (132 GPa). The accuracy of the technique and the experimental arrangement used was verified to be better than four percent by independent measurements of the Rayleigh wave speeds in the aluminum alloy matrix and an embedded sapphire fiber. The fiber modulus was estimated to be 225 GPa based on a comparison of previously measured composite modulus with micromechanical predictions. Thus, shot was found to have a Young’s modulus 40 percent lower than that of the fibers. The applicability of the V(z) technique has been demonstrated for measuring the elastic properties over a microscopic area, even when the target material is an embedded inclusion.

Hardness and Young's modulus of diamond-like carbon films prepared by ion beam methods

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 644-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Dunlop ◽  
J. Haupt ◽  
K. Schmidt ◽  
W. Gissler
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Carbon Films ◽  
Diamond Like Carbon

scholarly journals Influence of Material on Wheelchair Vibrations

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Takeshi Waga ◽  
Soichiro Ura ◽  
Masahito Nagamori ◽  
Hisashi Uchiyama ◽  
Akira Shionoya
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Vibration Frequency ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Wheelchair Sports ◽  
The Difference

Wheelchair sports have a tendency to depend on the performance of wheelchairs, and the weight reduction of wheelchairs made of various alloys has helped improve the performance of players. Some players have mentioned, however, that the operability and riding comfort of competition wheelchair have been affected by changing the wheelchair materials; stiffness and weight are considered to be related to operability and riding comfort. In this experiment, we installed some weights on the center of the mass of a competitive wheelchair made of magnesium alloy to be the same mass of a wheelchair made of aluminum alloy; vibrations that occurred on both wheelchairs while driving were measured and compared. The experiment was performed using 3-axis sensors. This experiment showed that the vibration frequency of the wheelchair made of magnesium alloy was different from that made of aluminum alloy. This result was thought to be influenced by the difference in Young’s modulus or the specific weight.

scholarly journals Investigation of Nano-Mechanical and- Tribological Properties of Hydrogenated Diamond Like Carbon (DLC) Coatings

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 769-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-R. Jeng ◽  
S. Islam ◽  
K-T. Wu ◽  
A. Erdemir ◽  
O. Eryilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Diamond Like Carbon ◽  
Dlc Coatings ◽  
Mechanical And Tribological Properties

AbstractHydrogenated diamond like Carbon (H-DLC) is a promising lubricious coating that attracted a great deal of interest in recent years mainly because of its outstanding tribological properties. In this study, the nano-mechanical and -tribological properties of a range of H-DLC films were investigated. Specifically, four kinds of H-DLC coatings were produced on Si substrates in pure acetylene, pure methane, 25% methane + 75% hydrogen, 50% methane + 50% hydrogen discharge plasmas using a plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) system. Nano indentation was performed to measure the mechanical properties such as hardness and young's modulus and nanoscartching was performed to investigate the frictional behavior and wear mechanism of the H-DLC samples in open air. Moreover, Vickers indentation method was utilized to assess the fracture toughness of the samples. The results revealed that there is a strong correlation between the mechanical properties (hardness, young's modulus, fracture toughness) and the friction coefficient of DLC coatings and the source gas chemistry. Lower hydrogen to carbon ratio in source gas leads to higher hardness, young's modulus, fracture toughness and lower friction coefficient. Furthermore, lower wear volume of the coated materials was observed when the friction coefficient was lower. It was also confirmed that lower hydrogen content of the DLC coating leads to higher wear resistance under nanoscratch conditions.

Modeling and Optimization of Nanomechanics of Diamond-Like Carbon by MPCVD Using Response Surface Methodology

2009 ◽  
Vol 79-82 ◽  
pp. 1321-1324
Author(s):  
Jung Sheng Chen ◽  
Ku En Ting ◽  
Hui Ching Wang
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Hydrogen Concentration ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Diamond Like Carbon ◽  
Depth Sensing ◽  
Process Pressure ◽  
Experimental Parameters

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films have attracted great interest due to their outstanding mechanical, biocompatibility, thermal, optical and electrical properties. The DLC films can be produced by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) using Argon, methane and hydrogen mixed gases. The film properties depend strongly on the experimental parameters such as substrate temperatures; microwave power, process pressure and hydrogen concentration (H2/Ar+CH4+H2). In this study, the properties of nanomechanics of DLC films with various experimental parameters are firstly discussed which include hardness and Young’s modulus characterizing by depth-sensing nanoindentation technique. The nanoindentation is an excellent method for measuring nanomechanical properties of both bulk and thin films. The probe was conducted using a Berkovich diamond tip. To find the optimized process parameters, the statistical and mathematical response surface methodology (RSM) is used to model and analyze the effect of substrate temperature (T), microwave power (W), process pressure (P) and hydrogen concentration (H) on the properties of nanomechanics of DLC films. The central composite experimental design (CCD) is used to evaluate the interaction parametric effects of multiple experimental variables on process response (hardness and Young’s modulus). The predictive quadratic model proposed herein considering the analysis of variance (ANOVA) are proved to fit and predict values of the hardness and Young’s modulus close to those readings recorded experimentally. The most significant influential factors for maximizing the hardness and Young’s modulus have been identified from the ANOVA table. The RSM technique is demonstrated to be a powerful tool in exploration of the manufacturing parameters space of complex physical process of DLC films deposition by MPCVD.

scholarly journals Effect of Full Temperature Field Environment on Bonding Strength of Aluminum Alloy

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 657
Author(s):  
Haichao Liu ◽  
Yisa Fan ◽  
Han Peng
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Temperature Field ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Bonding Strength ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Failure Criteria ◽  
Failure Strength ◽  
Bonded Joints ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Full Temperature

In this paper, the influence of temperature on the bonding strength of aluminum alloy joints under the full temperature field is studied. Based on the service temperature range of vehicle bonding structures, the failure strength of aluminum alloy joints at different temperature points, namely −40 °C, −20 °C, 0 °C, 25 °C (RT), 40 °C, 60 °C and 80 °C, is tested. The results showed that compared with the failure strength of the adhesive at −40 °C, it decreased by 47.69% and 68.15% at RT and 80°C, respectively; the Young’s modulus of the adhesive decreased by 57.63% and 75.42% at RT and 80°C, respectively; with the increase of temperature, the young’s modulus, tensile strength and failure strain of the adhesive decreased. In addition, the failure strength of aluminum alloy joints varied with temperature. To be specific, the stiffness of joints decreased gradually from 25 °C to 80 °C and increased gradually from −40 °C. Based on the failure strength data of bonded joints at different temperature points, the secondary stress failure criteria of bonded joints at different temperatures were obtained. Then, the surface function of failure criteria under the full temperature field was established to provide reference for failure prediction of bonded structures under different temperatures and stresses.

Indentation at the Nanometer Scale on Ultra Thin Films of Diamond-Like Carbon

1994 ◽  
Vol 356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrine Bec ◽  
André Tonck ◽  
Jean-Luc Loubet
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Elastic Recovery ◽  
Contact Stiffness ◽  
Natural Diamond ◽  
Tangential Displacement ◽  
Diamond Like Carbon ◽  
New Instrument

AbstractUltra thin films (50 nm and 180 nm) of amorphous diamond-like carbon on a silicon substrate produced by laser ablation are tested by nanoindentation with a new instrument deriving from a Surface Force Apparatus. Quasi-static measurements of the load and dynamic measurements of the contact stiffness are continuously and simultaneously recorded versus the penetration depth. Scanning lines on the tested surface before and after indentation are made by means of tangential displacement of the diamond indenter on the surface.The tests are conducted with maximum loads from 50 μN to 2500 μN, which correspond to maximum indentation depths between 7 nm and 70 nm. The indentation curves show near elastic recovery but scanning lines and/or topographic images on the surfaces show detectable plastic prints. Despite the extremely small residual indentation depths for these ultra thin films, we show how the hardness value we calculate from the indentation curves with an elastoplastic theory is in good agreement with the hardness value we calculate from the indentation print profile. The determination of the Young's modulus, even at the smallest indentation depths, must take into account the mechanical properties of the substrate. The determination of both values, hardness and elastic modulus, also requires a calibration procedure for the geometry of the tip and knowledge of the piling-up effect.We find that the apparent hardness and the apparent Young's modulus of the tested diamondlike films are high. They are underestimated in comparison with the real values. A rough correction which overestimates the Young’s modulus gives higher values than those of natural diamond.

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