Energy Recovery From Composite Acetate Polymer-Biomass Wastes via Pyrolysis and CO2-Assisted Gasification

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhu Li ◽  
Kiran G. Burra ◽  
Zhiwei Wang ◽  
Xuan Liu ◽  
Somrat Kerdsuwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Boudouard Reaction ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Cigarette Butts ◽  
Gasification Reaction ◽  
Gas Efficiency

Abstract Discarded cigarette butts contain polymers, biomass, and a variety of toxins that cause an adverse effect to the human health and environment for years. The cigarette residuals are not recyclable and often get mixed with other kinds of wastes so that much of this waste ends up in landfills. This study investigates the safe disposal of cigarette butts by the thermochemical pathways using pyrolysis and gasification. Mass loss during its thermal decomposition was examined first using a thermogravimetric analyzer. The effect of temperature on the pyrolysis and CO2-assisted gasification was then conducted using a semi-batch reactor with a focus on the flowrate of total syngas and its gas components. Syngas yield, energy recovery, as well as energy efficiency were calculated and compared. The effect of temperature on the CO2 consumption during the gasification process was also examined. The thermal decomposition of cellulose acetate, tar, and wrapping paper were the main contributors during the pyrolysis of cigarette butt. However, the gasification process mainly consisted of the pyrolysis, cracking, and reforming reactions in the gas phase and gasification of char derived from wrapping paper. An increase in temperature enhanced the syngas flowrate, syngas yield, and gas efficiency while decreasing the char yield and reaction time for both the processes. Energy recovery from gasification was higher than pyrolysis due to added CO generation. The maximum syngas energy of 13.0 kJ/g under the gasification condition at 1223 K was 67.2% higher as compared with the pyrolysis. High temperature strongly affected the gasification reaction, while it was negligible at a temperature lower than 1023 K. Complete conversion occurred during gasification at 1223 K that provided only ash residue. The CO2 gasification of cigarette butts provided an effective pathway to utilize 0.5 g CO2/g feedstock at 1223 K to form valuable CO by the Boudouard reaction. Compared with the gasification of other solid wastes, syngas energy yield from cigarette butts was found to be higher than syngas from polystyrene and polyethylene terephthalate. These results support the effectiveness of thermochemical pathways in the rapid conversion of cigarette butts to valuable syngas along with CO2 utilization.

Acid and Alkali Pre-treatment Effects on CO2 Assisted Gasification of Pine Wood

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Jinhu Li ◽  
Kiran Raj Goud Burra ◽  
Zhiwei Wang ◽  
Xuan Liu ◽  
Ashwani K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Boudouard Reaction ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Co2 Gasification ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Biomass gasification in CO2 is a promising thermochemical pathway to help assist with growing issues of CO2 in the environment. However, high reaction temperature requirement and low reaction rate is limiting its development. To resolve these issues, the effect of acid and alkali pre-treatment on the pyrolysis and CO2-gasification of pine wood was examined using a semi-batch reactor. The temporal behavior of syngas components, energy, and their yield, and energy efficiency was quantified. Results showed that while acid pretreatment of biomass with lower alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs) content was beneficial for the CO and syngas yield, the alkali pretreatment with higher AAEM content showed the opposite trend. In contrast, the CO2 assisted gasification of alkali pretreated biomass improved the CO and syngas yield due to catalytic influence of AAEM on the Boudouard reaction, while the acid washed biomass yielded the lowest syngas yield. During gasification, the syngas yield, energy yield and overall energy efficiency were enhanced by 83.44 %, 44.64 % and 44.58 %, respectively using alkali treatment. The results revealed that alkali pre-treatment is an effective catalytic incorporation pathway to improve the syngas, energy output, and reactivity to CO2 gasification.

scholarly journals Torrefaction of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Pellets under Mild-to-Severe Temperature Conditions through Thermogravimetric Analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bemgba Bevan Nyakuma ◽  
Arshad Ahmad ◽  
Anwar Johari ◽  
Tuan Amran Tuan Abdullah ◽  
Olagoke Oladokun
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Severity Factor ◽  
Degradation Behaviour ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Recovery Potential ◽  
Lignocellulosic Wastes

Malaysia generates significant quantities of lignocellulosic wastes through the production of crude palm oil (CPO). Over the years, the accumulation of the oil palm wastes (OPW) have become an environmental burden. These problems can be addressed by pretreatment and valorisation of OPW in bioenergy as envisioned in the National Biomass Strategy (NBS-2020). However, current strategies for the OPW valorisation are inefficient and unsustainable resulting in increased environmental challenges. Therefore, this paper proposes the pelletization and torrefaction of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB). Furthermore, the thermal degradation behaviour and potential product yields from OPEFB pellet torrefaction will be examined. The results revealed that the mass yield (MY) decreased from 67.89% to 33.11%, whereas energy yield (EY) decreased from 88.29% to 49.18% as the torrefaction temperature increased from 250 °C to 350 °C. However, the energy density (DE) increased from 1.30 to 1.49 due to the increase in higher heating value (HHV) from 22.85 MJ/kg to 26.10 MJ/kg. Likewise, the severity factor (SF) increased from 5.89 to 8.84 with increasing torrefaction temperature. The results also revealed that effect of temperature on the torrefaction parameters; MY, EY, DE, and HHV are slightly reduced after 300 °C. Overall, the findings demonstrate that torrefaction improved the fuel properties and energy recovery potential of the OPEFB pellets.

scholarly journals Studies on the Gasification Performance of Sludge Cake Pre-Treated by Hydrothermal Carbonization

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Yeop Lee ◽  
Se Won Park ◽  
Md Tanvir Alam ◽  
Yean Ouk Jeong ◽  
Yong-Chil Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Cold Gas Efficiency ◽  
Sludge Cake ◽  
Gas Efficiency

Proper treatment and careful management of sewage sludge are essential because its disposal can lead to adverse environmental impacts such as public health hazards, as well as air, soil, and water pollution. Several efforts are being made currently not only to safely dispose of sewage sludge but also to utilize it as an energy source. Therefore, in this study, initiatives were taken to valorize sewage sludge cake by reducing the moisture content and increasing the calorific value by applying a hydrothermal treatment technique for efficient energy recovery. The sludge cake treated at 200 °C for 1 h was found to be the optimum condition for hydrothermal carbonization, as, in this condition, the caloric value of the treated sludge increased by 10% and the moisture content removed was 20 wt.%. To recover energy from the hydrothermally treated sludge, a gasification technology was applied at 900 °C. The results showed that the product gas from hydrothermally treated sludge cake had a higher lower heating value (0.98 MJ/Nm3) and higher cold gas efficiency (5.8%). Furthermore, compared with raw sludge cake, less tar was generated during the gasification of hydrothermally treated sludge cake. The removal efficiency was 28.2%. Overall results depict that hydrothermally treated sewage sludge cake could be a good source of energy recovery via the gasification process.

scholarly journals Gasification of yeast industry treatment plant sludge using downdraft Gasifier

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 364-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azize Ayol ◽  
Ozgun Tezer ◽  
Alim Gurgen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Glassy Material ◽  
Gasification Process

Abstract Sludges produced in biological wastewater treatment plants have rich organic materials in their characteristics. Recent research studies have focused on the energy recovery from sludge due to its high organic content. The gasification process is a thermal conversion technology transforming the chemical energy contained in a solid fuel into thermal energy and electricity. The produced syngas as a mixture of CO, CH4, H2 and other gases can be used to generate electrical energy. The gasification of yeast industry sludge has been experimentally evaluated in a pilot scale downdraft-type gasifier as a route towards the energy recovery. The gasifier has 20 kg biomass/h fuel capacity. During gasification, the temperature achieved was more than 1,000°C in the gasifier, and then the syngas was transferred to the gas engine to yield the electricity. A load was connected to the grid box and approximately 1 kWh electrical power generation for 1 kg dry sludge was determined. The characteristics of residuals – ash, glassy material – were also analyzed. It was found that most of the heavy metals were fixed in the glassy material. Experimental results showed that the yeast industry sludge was an appropriate material for gasification studies and remarkable energy recovery was obtained in terms of power production by using syngas.

scholarly journals Torrefaction of Napier Grass and Oil Palm Petiole Waste Using Drop-type Pyrolysis Reactor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syazmi Zul Arif Hakimi Saadon ◽  
Noridah Osman ◽  
Moviin Damodaran ◽  
Shan En Liew
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Pyrolysis Reactor ◽  
Parameter Ranges ◽  
Two Parameters

Abstract Interest in torrefaction has improved along the recent years and it has been studied extensively as a mean of preparing solid fuels. Biomass to be considered as a renewable source of energy must endeavor improvement continuously and where it is more sustainable going forward in which can come from waste product, wild and cultivated plant. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of temperature and residence time of wild Napier grass and Oil palm petiole from waste. The torrefied samples were derived by pyrolysis reactor mimicking torrefaction procedure. The temperature parameter ranges between 220 and 300 ℃ while residence time parameter is from 10 minutes to 50 minutes of reaction. It was found that as temperature and time increasing, moisture content and amount of O and H atoms decreases as well as both mass and energy yield, but calorific value and the energy density increase along with both two parameters. Between the two parameters, the temperature variation shows more significant changes to the torrefied samples as compared time. The optimized temperature and time are found to be 260 ℃ and 30 minutes, respectively. Remarkably, the usage of pyrolyzer as torrefaction reaction has proved to be a good option since they share similar characteristics while can also produce product with similar properties reflecting torrefaction process.

scholarly journals THE KINETICS OF CaO ASSISTED PATTUKKU CHARCOAL STEAM GASIFICATION

REAKTOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Takdir Syarif ◽  
H Sulistyo ◽  
Wahyudi B Sediawan ◽  
B Budhijanto
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Tubular Reactor ◽  
Steam Gasification ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Kinetics Parameters ◽  
Exponential Factor ◽  
Surface Diffusivity ◽  
Gasification Process

Abstract Coal is a solid fuel that can be converted into syngas through gasification process. To obtain optimum gasification process design and operation, in-depth understanding of the influential parameters is required. This study aims to investigate the effect of temperature on the gasification process and to obtain its kinetics parameters. The study was carried out in a tubular reactor equipped with a heater and a condenser. Steam was used as gasifying agent, while CaO was employed as a CO2 adsorbent. The charcoal from coal was subjected to gasification at temperatures of 600°C, 700°C, and 800°C. The ratio of charcoal and CaO was 1:1. The gasification process lasted for 60 minutes with gas sample was taken every 15 minutes for composition analysis. The results showed that a temperature increase of 100°C caused a proportional increase of conversion of about 75% higher. The value of activation energy (Ea) and exponential factor (ko) were 46.645kJ/mole and 328.3894/min, respectively. For mass transfer parameters, values of activation energy for surface diffusion (Es) and surface diffusivity factor (as) were 81.126 kJ/mole and 0.138/min, respectively. Keywords: gasification; mathematical model; Pattukku coal char; steam; Thin Reaction Zone Model

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