Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Internal Cuttings Removal Bit

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Cao ◽  
Kaian Yu ◽  
Wenxing Li ◽  
Xuyue Chen ◽  
Hongwu Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Cone Angle ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Polycrystalline Diamond ◽  
Screw Conveyor ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Two Samples

Abstract The oil and gas exploration without rig (also known as badger exploration) is a novel exploration technology that removes the need for fixed rig drilling, bringing with it the promise of huge savings in terms of time and money and its low impact on the environment. The implementation of this technology is an autonomous exploration tool, which can drill into rock using an electrically powered bit to loosen and crush the formation ahead of it, and crushed cuttings is moved through the device and deposited in the space behind it. Because there is no drilling fluid in badger drilling, a new way of transporting cuttings is urgently needed. In this paper, a new kind of bit named internal cuttings removal (ICR) bit is developed for badger exploration, and it can not only drill rock but also collect and transport cuttings to the bit behind through the inner cavity of the bit. Compared with the common polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit, the junk slots are removed, but the helical blades and screw conveyor are added on the ICR bit. Theoretically, the two effects of rotating helical blades on cuttings moving are studied, based on the conditions of low and high rotating speed, respectively. Moreover, the rate of cuttings removal of the ICR bit is given in formulas, and in order to ensure the cuttings is removed from bottomhole timely, and the maximum permissible rate of penetration (ROP) of the ICR bit is proposed. Finally, two samples of the ICR bit with different structural parameters were built and tested in dry and wet rock drilling experiments, and experimental results show that the ICR bit can achieve the expected goal of ICR, but wet cuttings has a significant influence on the performance of the ICR bit. By comparing the drilling results of two bits, it can be found that the concave blade surface, a small number of blades, and small inner cone angle have the positive effects on the cuttings removal of the ICR bit. The above work is helpful for the development and implementation of badger exploration technology.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Force Response, Efficiency, and Wear Behaviors of Polycrystalline Diamond Rock Cutters

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (15) ◽  
pp. 3059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaping Xiao ◽  
Shuhai Liu ◽  
Kaiwen Tan
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Force ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Polycrystalline Diamond ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Rake Angle ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Drilling Technology ◽  
Air Drilling ◽  
Dry Conditions

Polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) cutters are the most extensively used tool for rock drilling in superdeep oil and gas exploration, in which the air drilling technology without drilling fluid is highly promoted. This study examined the performance of PDC cutters in air drilling, including their friction angle, cutting force, specific energy, and wear behaviors, using a home-made testing apparatus and a commercial tribometer. It also investigated the dependence of cutting force on cutting depth and back rake angle. Results obtained in both dry conditions and in drilling fluid media were compared, and a tentative explanation to the observed differences was brought about by these two environments.

Detection of Bearing Spalling Faults Using IAS Monitoring System - Experimental Studies on the Influence of Operating and Environmental Parameters

2013 ◽  
Vol 569-570 ◽  
pp. 433-440
Author(s):  
Adeline Bourdon ◽  
Hugo André ◽  
Didier Rémond
Keyword(s):  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Angular Speed ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Bearing Fault

Experimental works carried out in recent years have demonstrated the feasibility of detecting a bearing fault through the spectral analysis of the Instantaneous Angular Speed (IAS) in the angular domain. Since these works have been carried out on complex mechanical systems (automotive gearboxes, vehicle wheels, wind turbines), neither the influence of operating parameters, nor the influence of structural parameters over the observed angular speed variations have been clearly identified. However, the implementation of effective tools for condition monitoring prospects requires a deep understanding of these interactions. In this regard, a test bench has been designed to allow defective bearing monitoring through IAS observation of a simple shaft running under varying loads and speeds, the system being simple enough to be easily described in various kind of mechanical or phenomenological models. The aim of this paper is to present a better understanding of the relationships between the speed variation induced by the monitored fault, the structural response and the observed phenomena. In the first part results obtained for a healthy bearing will be analyzed. These initial results serve as a reference for analysis of the results obtained with bearing defects. Coupled with dynamic modeling, they will also highlight the existence of a low frequency torsion mode. The results of this first part also highlight the wider interest of the IAS analysis for the study of rotating systems. In a second part, the measurements are performed with bearings having spalling type defects on their outer ring. The aim of this section is to estimate the influence of operating conditions on IAS monitored indicators. All these results will provide further phenomenological explanations of coupling between bearing fault and rotating speed.

scholarly journals AN OVERVIEW OF OIL BASED DRILL CUTTINGS WASTE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT AND DISPOSAL TREATMENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2(73) (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Osama SHARAFADDIN ◽  
Ion ONUȚU
Keyword(s):  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Drill Cuttings ◽  
Drilling Wastes

The drilling fluid is essential for drilling operations in the oil and gas industry. It is a complex mixture of organic and inorganic materials blended together to achieve desired multi-functions. There are several types of drilling fluid commonly in use, oil-based drilling fluid considered the most hazardous and harmful for the surrounding environment because of contaminated waste produced, normally consisting of diesel, oil, asphalt, polymers, crude oil and surfactants. Produced drill cuttings are contaminated by hydrocarbons, and other chemical additives. The produced drill cuttings are hazardous for environment as they contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and undesirable heavy metals. Presently, various oil and gas operator companies in Yemen and other parts of the world dispose the drilling wastes in excavated pits or landfill sites. It is not acceptable to deal with such hazardous substances in this manner. Other operator companies use thermal desorption technique as a separation method. This method still has many disadvantages. Therefore, it is vital to search for sufficient and efficient technologies and processes to treat oil-based drilling wastes as the existing methods in use cannot be considered as a viable solution to eliminate the environmental damaged caused by contaminated drill cuttings. This paper review three existing experimental methods of extraction that have significant total organic carbon removal efficiency and highlighted factors that effect on the extraction efficiency. They are; supercritical water oxidation, superheated steam extraction, and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. The stated experimental studies -have shown promising results and efficiency in extraction of carbon content and are considered environmentally friendly.

The Application of Fuzzy-Ball Drilling Fluid to Deepwater Drilling to Deal With Highly Mineralized Formation Brines and Low-Temperature Environment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panfeng Wei ◽  
Lihui Zheng ◽  
Mingzheng Yang ◽  
Yuanhang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Deepwater Drilling ◽  
Temperature Environment

For deepwater oil and gas well drilling with the issue of highly mineralized formation brines, it is required that the drilling fluid properties are not affected by the high salinity formation fluid and the low-temperature environment. A novel drilling fluid mainly consists of fuzzy-ball fluid, which has an excellent tolerance to salinity and low temperature, has the potential to be applied for deepwater drilling to achieve safe and efficient drilling tasks. Experimental studies and field tests have been carried out to characterize the rheological properties of fuzzy-ball drilling fluid under different conditions of brine salinity and test temperature. In the experimental test, fuzzy-ball fluids with different densities are prepared with brines of varying salinity mineralized by Ca2+ and Mg2+. The rheological curves are plotted from different apparent viscosities and shear stresses under different shear rates measured by a rheometer under 10 ∼ 80°C and a six-speed viscometer at 0°C. The results positively showed that the yield stress of fuzzy-ball fluid is stable at a relatively high value with the variation of fluid salinity and temperature. The apparent viscosity slightly increases with the decrease of salinity and temperature. It can be claimed that the rheological properties of fuzzy-ball drilling fluid are stable within the range of salinity and temperature investigated experimentally. Field tests have been conducted during several workover jobs, the rheological properties of fuzzy-ball drilling fluid were stable at temperatures and salinities on site. Thus, it can be proved that the novel fuzzy-ball drilling fluid could be applied in deepwater drilling under the high salinity formation fluid and low-temperature environment.

DIESEL ENGINE OPERATION IN USE OF FUEL WITH ADDITIVES

2018 ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Petar Kazakov ◽  
Atanas Iliev ◽  
Emil Marinov
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Positive Effects

Over the decades, more attention has been paid to emissions from the means of transport and the use of different fuels and combustion fuels for the operation of internal combustion engines than on fuel consumption. This, in turn, enables research into products that are said to reduce fuel consumption. The report summarizes four studies of fuel-related innovation products. The studies covered by this report are conducted with diesel fuel and usually contain diesel fuel and three additives for it. Manufacturers of additives are based on already existing studies showing a 10-30% reduction in fuel consumption. Comparative experimental studies related to the use of commercially available diesel fuel with and without the use of additives have been performed in laboratory conditions. The studies were carried out on a stationary diesel engine СМД-17КН equipped with brake КИ1368В. Repeated results were recorded, but they did not confirm the significant positive effect of additives on specific fuel consumption. In some cases, the factors affecting errors in this type of research on the effectiveness of fuel additives for commercial purposes are considered. The reasons for the positive effects of such use of additives in certain engine operating modes are also clarified.

Non-stigmatising alternatives to anti-obesity public health messages: Consequences for health behaviour and well-being

2021 ◽  
pp. 135910532199970
Author(s):  
Joanne A Rathbone ◽  
Tegan Cruwys ◽  
Jolanda Jetten
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Messages ◽  
Total N ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Public Health Messages ◽  
Size Acceptance

This project investigated how alternative non-stigmatising public health messages influence people’s health behaviours and well-being, relative to traditional stigmatising weight-loss messages. We conducted three experimental studies (total N = 1281) that compared traditional weight-loss messages to weight-neutral messages (Study 1), weight-inclusive messages (Study 2) and size acceptance messages (Study 3). Results revealed that public health messages have differential effects on health behaviours and well-being, depending on the audience’s BMI or perceived weight. However, campaigns that challenge weight stigma and promote body positivity have positive effects on some psychological indicators of health and well-being for people of all body sizes.

scholarly journals Effective Programs in Elementary Mathematics: A Meta-Analysis

AERA Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 233285842098621
Author(s):  
Marta Pellegrini ◽  
Cynthia Lake ◽  
Amanda Neitzel ◽  
Robert E. Slavin
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Elementary Mathematics ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Classroom Organization ◽  
Benchmark Assessment ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
Achievement Outcomes

This article reviews research on the achievement outcomes of elementary mathematics programs; 87 rigorous experimental studies evaluated 66 programs in grades K–5. Programs were organized in six categories. Particularly positive outcomes were found for tutoring programs (effect size [ES] = +0.20, k = 22). Positive outcomes were also seen in studies focused on professional development for classroom organization and management (e.g., cooperative learning; ES = +0.19, k = 7). Professional development approaches focused on helping teachers gain in understanding of mathematics content and pedagogy had little impact on student achievement. Professional development intended to help in the adoption of new curricula had a small but significant impact for traditional (nondigital) curricula (ES = +0.12, k = 7), but not for digital curricula. Traditional and digital curricula with limited professional development, as well as benchmark assessment programs, found few positive effects.

scholarly journals Optimization of Silver Nanoparticle Separation Method from Drilling Waste Matrices

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1950
Author(s):  
Monika Gajec ◽  
Ewa Kukulska-Zając ◽  
Anna Król
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Drilling Waste ◽  
Wastewater Samples

Significant amounts of produced water, spent drilling fluid, and drill cuttings, which differ in composition and characteristics in each drilling operation, are generated in the oil and gas industry. Moreover, the oil and gas industry faces many technological development challenges to guarantee a safe and clean environment and to meet strict environmental standards in the field of processing and disposal of drilling waste. Due to increasing application of nanomaterials in the oil and gas industry, drilling wastes may also contain nanometer-scale materials. It is therefore necessary to characterize drilling waste in terms of nanomaterial content and to optimize effective methods for their determination, including a key separation step. The purpose of this study is to select the appropriate method of separation and pre-concentration of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from drilling wastewater samples and to determine their size distribution along with the state of aggregation using single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS). Two AgNP separation methods were compared: centrifugation and cloud point extraction. The first known use of spICP-MS for drilling waste matrices following mentioned separation methods is presented.

Finite Element Study of the Cutting Mechanics of the Three Dimensional Rock Turning Process

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demeng Che ◽  
Jacob Smith ◽  
Kornel F. Ehmann
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Polycrystalline Diamond ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Failure Behavior ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Gas Drilling ◽  
Cutting Mechanics

The unceasing improvements of polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) cutters have pushed the limits of tool life and cutting efficiency in the oil and gas drilling industry. However, the still limited understanding of the cutting mechanics involved in rock cutting/drilling processes leads to unsatisfactory performance in the drilling of hard/abrasive rock formations. The Finite Element Method (FEM) holds the promise to advance the in-depth understanding of the interactions between rock and cutters. This paper presents a finite element (FE) model of three-dimensional face turning of rock representing one of the most frequent testing methods in the PDC cutter industry. The pressure-dependent Drucker-Prager plastic model with a plastic damage law was utilized to describe the elastic-plastic failure behavior of rock. A newly developed face turning testbed was introduced and utilized to provide experimental results for the calibration and validation of the formulated FE model. Force responses were compared between simulations and experiments. The relationship between process parameters and force responses and the mechanics of the process were discussed and a close correlation between numerical and experimental results was shown.

Calculation of Technical Characteristics of the Technical Fleet Vessels Involved in Ensuring Safety of the Offshore Facilities of Oil and Gas Complex

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
S.V. Matsenko ◽  
◽  
V.M. Minko ◽  
A.A. Koshelev ◽  
V.Yu. Piven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Sea Area

Violation of industrial safety rules during the operation of offshore facilities for the production, storage and transportation of the hydrocarbon raw materials leads in the most cases to pollution of the marine environment with oil and its components. The works on localization and elimination of such pollution are carried out with the help of vessels of the technical support fleet and booms. When developing oil spill response plans at such facilities, a calculated determination of the technical characteristics of vessels and booms is required that are sufficient to carry out the planned activities. The basic design principles for determining the towing capacity of the technical fleet vessels involved in the localization and elimination of oil and oil product spills by trawling methods are given in the article. The calculation is based on theoretical studies performed by the authors of the physical processes occurring during the movement of objects of a mobile trawling order in the sea area. The results obtained during the course of theoretical studies were confirmed by the experimental studies carried out by the authors personally using the real pieces of equipment in the actual development of tasks for training spill containment by trawling. As a result, the empirical dependencies were obtained and experimentally confirmed, which can be used to calculate technical characteristics of the ships as part of the mobile orders and anchor systems as part of stationary orders intended for the localization and elimination of oil pollution. These results can be used, among other things, for the calculated substantiation of the technical characteristics of the technical fleet vessels designed to ensure safety of the offshore facilities for production, storage, and transportation of the hydrocarbon raw materials.

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