Heat Transfer and Secondary Flow Characteristics in a Horizontally Round Pipe for Cooling a Scramjet Combustor by Supercritical n-Decane

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Li ◽  
Youqian Chen ◽  
Gongnan Xie ◽  
Bengt Sunden
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Secondary Flow ◽  
Buoyancy Force ◽  
Dead Zone ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Turbulence Models ◽  
Heated Wall ◽  
Wall Region ◽  
Heat Transfer Deterioration ◽  
Scramjet Combustor

Abstract To figure out the abnormal flow characteristics and thermal performance of supercritical fluids, some detailed information of supercritical pressure n-decane flowing in a horizontally round pipe is studied in terms of secondary flow induced by the huge density change or buoyancy force. According to an evaluation of turbulence models, the shear stress transport k–ω is suitable to execute the case of horizontal flow. It is observed that the temperature distributions between the upper wall region and the lower wall region are asymmetric and the location of the maximum buoyancy force coincided with the position of Tpc (pseudo-critical temperature). The generation of a rotating flow arising from the heated wall determines the occurrence of heat transfer deterioration (HTD). In the boom stage of the HTD phenomenon, a dead zone that is close to the upper wall was formed due to the influence of vortices. In contrast, the maximum buoyancy force is located in the core flow zone and it forces the fluid in the mainstream to participate in the cooling process of the heated wall. In addition, the dead zone in the vicinity of the upper wall is broken. This is the main reason why heat transfer deterioration could be inhibited effectively.

Visualization Investigation of Secondary Flow on Heat Transfer Deterioration in Horizontal Heat Tube

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Wu ◽  
Hui-xiong Li ◽  
Qian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Velocity Field ◽  
Mixed Convection ◽  
Secondary Flow ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Buoyancy Force ◽  
Tube Wall ◽  
Radial Cross Section ◽  
Heat Transfer Deterioration ◽  
Flow Velocity Field

Mixed convection heat transfer in heated tubes has been studied extensively in the past decades, which is widely used in various industrial fields such as cooling of a nuclear reactor core. The secondary flow, which is induced by buoyancy force, has been found in previous research to have profound influence on the heat transfer difference on circumferential position and occurrence of heat transfer deterioration in horizontal heated channel. Therefore, understanding the secondary flow velocity field has important implications to prevent heat transfer deterioration and ensure the safe operation of nuclear power plants. Numerical methods have been adopted in literature to analyze the complex interaction between secondary flow and heat transfer deterioration. However, to the knowledge of the author, experimental measurement of secondary flow in the radial cross-section of a horizontal tube does not exist. In this paper, a novel measurement method, which combines the transparent heating and PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) technology, has been adopted to experimentally investigate the secondary flow velocity field on the radial cross-section in a horizontal heated tube. The heat transfer deterioration mechanism is revealed through analysis of the distribution of secondary flow along circumference direction at low mass flow rates and high heat flux conditions. We found that the buoyancy force lead the hot fluid to rise along the tube wall from bottom to top. While the secondary flow is most intensive near the middle of the interface, the secondary velocities are high at the bottom of the cross-section, where the tube wall is well cooled by cold fluid descends from the central part of the cross-section. Near the top of the tube wall, the secondary velocities are very small and the thermal acceleration effect makes the fluid rise. As a result, the mixed convection of top and center part of cross-section is weak and heat is primarily transferred by conduction, which leads the occurrence of thermal stratification of fluid. Consequently, the thermal accumulation of fluid in the top leads to heat transfer deterioration. Moreover, thermal properties differences between Freon (FC-72) and water, especially the Prandtl number (Pr), make the occurrence of heat transfer deterioration much easier for FC-72 than water with same working conditions.

Numerical Study of Deteriorated Convection Heat Transfer of Supercritical Fluid Flowing Through Vertical Mini Tube at Relatively Low Reynolds Numbers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Ru Zhao ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Qian-Feng Liu ◽  
Han-Liang Bo ◽  
Pei-Xue Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Low Reynolds Number ◽  
Convection Heat Transfer ◽  
Turbulence Models ◽  
Convection Heat ◽  
Flow Acceleration ◽  
Heat Transfer Deterioration ◽  
Low Reynolds

Numerical investigations are performed on the convection heat transfer of supercritical pressure fluid flowing through vertical mini tube with inner diameter of 0.27 mm and inlet Reynolds number of 1900 under various heat fluxes conditions using low Reynolds number k-ε turbulence models due to LB (Lam and Bremhorst), LS (Launder and Sharma) and V2F (v2-f). The predictions are compared with the corresponding experimentally measured values. The prediction ability of various low Reynolds number k-ε turbulence models under deteriorated heat transfer conditions induced by combinations of buoyancy and flow acceleration effects are evaluated. Results show that all the three models give fairly good predictions of local wall temperature variations in conditions with relatively high inlet Reynolds number. For cases with relatively low inlet Reynolds number, V2F model is able to capture the general trends of deteriorated heat transfer when the heat flux is relatively low. However, the LS and V2F models exaggerate the flow acceleration effect when the heat flux increases, while the LB model produces qualitative predictions, but further improvements are still needed for quantitative prediction. Based on the detailed flow and heat transfer information generated by simulation, a better understanding of the mechanism of heat transfer deterioration is obtained. Results show that the redistribution of flow field induced by the buoyancy and flow acceleration effects are main factors leading to the heat transfer deterioration.

Determination of Flow Characteristics and Turbulent Heat Transfer in a Ribbed Roughened Square Duct, Part 2: Numerical Simulations

2011 ◽  
Vol 110-116 ◽  
pp. 2364-2369
Author(s):  
Amin Etminan ◽  
H. Jafarizadeh ◽  
M. Moosavi ◽  
K. Akramian
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Turbulence Models ◽  
Turbulent Heat Transfer ◽  
Turbulent Heat ◽  
Square Duct ◽  
Optimized Model ◽  
Rsm Model

In the part 1 of this research, some useful turbulence models presented. In that part advantages of those turbulence models has been gathered. In the next, numerical details and procedure of solution are presented in details. By use of different turbulence models, it has been found that Spallart-Allmaras predicted the lowest value of heat transfer coefficient; in contrast, RSM1 has projected the more considerable results compared with other models; besides, it has been proven that the two-equation models prominently taken lesser time than RSM model. Eventually, the RNG2 model has been introduced as the optimized model of this research; moreover.

Effect of Upstream Purge Slot on a Transonic Turbine Blade Passage: Part 1 — Aerodynamic Performance

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorian M. Blot ◽  
Arnab Roy ◽  
Srinath V. Ekkad ◽  
Wing Ng ◽  
Andrew S. Lohaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Secondary Flow ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Pressure Loss ◽  
Total Pressure ◽  
Incidence Angle ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Backward Facing Step ◽  
Film Cooling Effectiveness

In this paper, detailed experimental results of total pressure loss and secondary flow field are presented for a high turning (127°) airfoil passage in presence of an upstream purge slot (with and without coolant injection). The experiments were performed at Virginia Tech’s quasi 2D linear turbine cascade operating at transonic conditions. Measurements were made at design exit Mach number 0.88 and design incidence angle. The selected coolant to mainstream mass flow ratio (MFR) was set at 1.0%. In order to match engine representative inlet/exit blade loading, a diverging endwall was utilized where the span increased from the inlet to the exit at a 13 degree angle. A 5-hole probe traverse was used to measure exit total pressure. Pressure loss coefficients were calculated both along pitchwise and spanwise directions at 0.1 axial chord downstream of the blade trailing edge. CFD studies were conducted to compliment the experimental results. The backward facing step present with the upstream slot affects the approaching boundary layer and influences the passage horse-shoe vortex strength. The addition of coolant from the purge slot further increased the aerodynamic losses. However, the backward facing step of the upstream slot seems to be the predominant factor in affecting pressure losses when compared to with or without blowing cases. These results provide further understanding of the passage secondary flow characteristics and aid towards improved design of endwall passages. The heat transfer experiments, designed to find the heat transfer coefficient and the film cooling effectiveness are described in detail in part II of this paper [1].

Channel Flow Along a Wavy Heated Wall

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Barboy ◽  
A. Rashkovan ◽  
G. Ziskind
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Channel ◽  
Turbulence Models ◽  
Momentum Equation ◽  
Constant Heat Flux ◽  
Heated Wall ◽  
Coupling Scheme ◽  
Wall Region ◽  
Pressure Gradients ◽  
Wavy Wall ◽  
Flow And Heat Transfer

The present study deals with the effects of wall geometry on the fluid flow and heat transfer in a vertical channel with a wavy wall. The waviness is characterized by wave amplitude and period. The wavy wall is heated with a constant heat flux. A detailed parametric investigation of the effect of waviness is performed for different flow conditions. An enhanced version of the turbulence models is required in order to resolve the near-wall region. In particular, a single wall law for the entire wall region can be achieved by blending linear (viscous) and logarithmic (turbulent) laws-of-the-wall. This approach allows the fully turbulent law to be easily modified and extended to take into account other effects such as pressure gradients or variable properties. Second order discretization scheme for momentum equation and turbulence scalar equations was used. SIMPLE pressure-velocity coupling scheme was employed. The results show how the flow and geometry parameters, namely, the Reynolds number and the amplitude and period of waviness, affect such features as the existence of flow separation, its location and size of the recirculation zones. These features determine the temperature distribution on the wavy wall. An attempt is done to assess the effect of flow and geometry parameters quantitatively.

Simultaneous Measurements of Unsteady Thermal and Flow Fluctuations Using High-Speed Infrared Thermography and PIV Over a Backward Facing Step

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunsuke Yamada ◽  
Hajime Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Vortex Structure ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry ◽  
Heated Wall ◽  
Wall Region ◽  
Backward Facing Step ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Near Wall

In order to investigate the flow and heat transfer fluctuations in the near-wall region downstream a backward facing step, a Time-resolved Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry (TS-PIV) and a high-speed infrared thermography (IRT) combined system was constructed. Using this measurement system, the time series of the velocity in the vicinity of the heated wall and the heat transfer on the heated wall were measured at Reynolds number, which is based on the step height and inlet mainstream velocity, of 2.5 × 103. It confirmed the validity of the velocity fluctuation obtained by using TS-PIV. The results showed that the forward and downwash flows correspond to the enhancement of the heat transfer in the near-wall region. Also, the vortex structure in the yz plane was detected by Qyz-criterion, and the locational relationship between the vortex structure and the heat transfer enhancement was investigated.

scholarly journals Numerical Analysis with Experimental Validation of Single-Phase Fluid Flow in a Dimple Pattern Heat Exchanger Channel

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 544-553
Author(s):  
Urban Močnik ◽  
Bogdan Blagojevič ◽  
Simon Muhič
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Turbulence Models ◽  
Plate Heat Exchanger ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Plate Heat ◽  
Phase Water

A plate heat exchanger with a dimple pattern heat plate has a large number of dimples. The shape of dimples defines the characteristics of the plate heat exchanger. Although such heat exchangers have become increasingly popular due to their beneficial characteristics, knowledge of the flow characteristics in such kind of channel is poor. A good knowledge of the flow conditions inside of such channel is crucial for the successful and efficient development of new products. In this paper single-phase water flow in dimple pattern plate heat exchanger was investigated with application of computational fluid dynamics and laboratory experiments. Numerical analysis was performed with two turbulence models, Realizable - with enhanced wall treatment function and - SST. The first predicts a slightly smaller pressure drop and the second slightly larger compared to the results of laboratory measurements. Our research found that despite the relatively low velocity of the fluid, turbulent flow occurs in the channel due to its shape. We also found that there are two different flow regimes in the micro plate heat exchanger channel. The first regime is the regime that dominates the heat transfer, and the second is the regime where a recirculation zone appears behind the brazing point, which reduces the surface for heat transfer. The size of the second regime does not change significantly with the velocity of the fluid in the volume considered.

scholarly journals Assessment of RANS Turbulence Models for Straight Cooling Ducts: Secondary Flow and Strong Property Variation Effects

2020 ◽  
pp. 309-321
Author(s):  
Thomas Kaller ◽  
Alexander Doehring ◽  
Stefan Hickel ◽  
Steffen J. Schmidt ◽  
Nikolaus A. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Secondary Flow ◽  
Turbulence Models ◽  
Turbulent Heat Flux ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Turbulent Heat ◽  
Property Variation ◽  
Rans Turbulence Models ◽  
Rans Simulations ◽  
Scale Turbulence

Abstract We present well-resolved RANS simulations of two generic asymmetrically heated cooling channel configurations, a high aspect ratio cooling duct operated with liquid water at $$Re_b = 110 \times 10^3$$ and a cryogenic transcritical channel operated with methane at $$Re_b = 16 \times 10^3$$. The former setup serves to investigate the interaction of turbulence-induced secondary flow and heat transfer, and the latter to investigate the influence of strong non-linear thermodynamic property variations in the vicinity of the critical point on the flow field and heat transfer. To assess the accuracy of the RANS simulations for both setups, well-resolved implicit LES simulations using the adaptive local deconvolution method as subgrid-scale turbulence model serve as comparison databases. The investigation focuses on the prediction capabilities of RANS turbulence models for the flow as well as the temperature field and turbulent heat transfer with a special focus on the turbulent heat flux closure influence.

Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Characteristics of Internal Microfin Tubes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingzhi Zhang ◽  
Jinpin Lin ◽  
Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Radial Direction ◽  
Apex Angle ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Heated Wall ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Wall Region ◽  
Smooth Tubes ◽  
Microfin Tubes

Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of mini smooth and microfin tubes were studied numerically using water as working fluid at Reynolds number ranging from 7500 to 17500. Seven microfin tubes were used with the same inner diameters of 4.6 mm and 18° helix angle and with number of fins ranging from 30 to 50, fin apex angle ranging from 10° to 40°, and fin height ranging from 0.1 to 0.15 mm. The numerical results fit well with the empirical correlations for heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops. The results indicate that the j-factor of the microfin tubes is approximately 1.2∼1.4 times of that in smooth tubes at the same Re. The j-factor increases with increasing number of microfin and the microfin height and with decreasing fin apex angle. The f-factor of the microfin tubes is approximately 1.05∼1.25 times of that in the smooth tube at the same Re, and the difference between the factors increases with the Re rising. The performance evaluation criterions (PEC) of the seven microfin tubes ranges from 1.15 to 1.35, indicating that microfin tubes exhibit better comprehensive performance compared with smooth tubes. The fluid at the center has a strong tendency to move towards the heated wall along the radial direction due to the directing effect of the microfins. The distinctive flow pattern in the radial direction can sufficiently enhance the turbulent flow near the wall and strengthen the mixing between the cold fluid at the center and hot water at the wall, leading to the enhancement of heat transfer in the near-wall region.

scholarly journals Turbulent flow through a high aspect ratio cooling duct with asymmetric wall heating

2018 ◽  
Vol 860 ◽  
pp. 258-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Kaller ◽  
Vito Pasquariello ◽  
Stefan Hickel ◽  
Nikolaus A. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Secondary Flow ◽  
High Aspect Ratio ◽  
Heated Wall ◽  
Turbulent Heat Transfer ◽  
Turbulent Heat ◽  
Wall Heating ◽  
Flow Through

We present well-resolved large-eddy simulations of turbulent flow through a straight, high aspect ratio cooling duct operated with water at a bulk Reynolds number of $Re_{b}=110\times 10^{3}$ and an average Nusselt number of $Nu_{xz}=371$. The geometry and boundary conditions follow an experimental reference case and good agreement with the experimental results is achieved. The current investigation focuses on the influence of asymmetric wall heating on the duct flow field, specifically on the interaction of turbulence-induced secondary flow and turbulent heat transfer, and the associated spatial development of the thermal boundary layer and the inferred viscosity variation. The viscosity reduction towards the heated wall causes a decrease in turbulent mixing, turbulent length scales and turbulence anisotropy as well as a weakening of turbulent ejections. Overall, the secondary flow strength becomes increasingly less intense along the length of the spatially resolved heated duct as compared to an adiabatic duct. Furthermore, we show that the assumption of a constant turbulent Prandtl number is invalid for turbulent heat transfer in an asymmetrically heated duct.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document