Generation Mechanism and Quality of Milling Surface Profile for Variable Pitch Tools Considering Runout

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinbo Niu ◽  
Jinjie Jia ◽  
Yuwen Sun ◽  
Dongming Guo
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Generation Mechanism ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Surface Generation ◽  
Tool Geometry ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Variable Pitch ◽  
Surface Location Error ◽  
Machining System

Abstract Surface profile is one of the foremost aspects to evaluate milling performance. Its generation mechanism is affected by a variety of factors such as tool geometry, runout values, and process parameters and thus still deserves further investigation. This paper aims to propose a unified method to study the surface generation mechanism and to predict the machining quality for variable pitch tools considering runout. First, a Floquet theory based algorithm is extended to analyze the machining stability and output the dynamic responses of the machining system. The resultant trajectories of cutting edges are obtained by kinematic synthesis of system vibrations, tool rotations, and machining feed. Next, both the surface location error (SLE) and the surface roughness are simultaneously extracted from the edge trajectories. A series of cutting tests are performed to validate the prediction results. Some new characteristics of the machined surface profile in terms of form errors and teeth marks are discovered and theoretically explained. Finally, the joint influences of tool geometry, runout values, and process parameters on the surface generation mechanism and quality are analyzed in detail with the proposed method.

Crater Geometry and Volume From Electro-Discharge Machined Surface Profiles by Data Dependent Systems

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Pandit ◽  
K. P. Rajurkar
Keyword(s):  
Impulse Response Function ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Surface Generation ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Machining Time ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Depth Ratio ◽  
Single Discharge

This paper applies a recently developed methodology called Data Dependent Systems to model and analyse the process of Electro-Discharge Machined (EDM) surface generation. A first order stochastic differential equation is developed and physically interpreted from the EDM surface profile measurements under varying pulse duration and machining time. The impulse response function of this model is used to define a characteristic crater geometry. The depth and diameter to depth ratio of such a crater is determined and employed in deriving the radius of curvature and the volume. Experimental measurements are utilized to illustrate the development of regression equations and nomograms, useful in practice to obtain surfaces with desired geometry. It is shown that the depth diameter to depth ratio, and volume of the characteristic craters obtained from actual multiple discharge situation under operating conditions agree fairly well with the past single discharge physics investigations.

Predictive Surface Generation and Characterization for Cylindrical Turning Processes

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yashpal Kovvur ◽  
Hemant Ramaswami ◽  
Sam Anand
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Tool Path ◽  
Surface Generation ◽  
Generation Model ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Motion Error ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Manufacturing Errors

This paper presents a generalized simulation based approach for generation and characterization of turned surfaces based on process parameters and manufacturing errors. The presented model shows that with proper analytical modeling along with appropriate process monitoring system (force signals, vibration signals, spindle motion error signals etc.,) a comprehensive surface generation model can be developed. First, the tool nose geometry and cutting-force induced vibrations are superimposed to obtain the cutting tool path. Next, the information obtained from spindle motion errors is used to analytically formulate the position of each point on the machined surface. Regression models are fit to establish the relationship between form error / surface roughness and input parameters. The simulation-based approach presented here provides a quantitative bridge between process parameters/manufacturing errors and surface characterization metrics. Such a scheme would allow manufacturing engineers to pre-select processes, parameters, and capable machines to achieve design specification. This model will allow engineers to proactively control the influence of machining parameters on product quality through computer simulation, and, thus, “do things right the first time.”

Machined Surface Morphology and Generation Mechanism of NbC Particle Reinforced Iron-Base Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 278-280 ◽  
pp. 452-455
Author(s):  
Li Fa Han ◽  
Chun Xiao Xie ◽  
Sheng Li ◽  
Jun Tian
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Generation Mechanism ◽  
Surface Generation ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Iron Base ◽  
Reinforcing Particles ◽  
Micro Cracks ◽  
The Matrix

In this paper, the morphology of machined surface in turning NbC particle reinforced iron-base composites was investigated. It indicates that since the dispersive distribution of reinforcing particles, the machined surface is likely to occur various defects such as tool traces, small pits, discontinuous grooves or micro-cracks. Moreover, the surface generation mechanism was discussed. There exist three different behaviors for reinforcing particles such as brittle breakage, pressed into or flaking off the machined surface during machining. Generally, particles of small diameter are likely to be pressed into the matrix and the machining defects are relatively slight. However, particles of large diameter are likely to break or flake off, which makes surface integrity deteriorate.

scholarly journals An Investigation of the Cutting Strategy for the Machining of Polar Microstructures Used in Ultra-Precision Machining Optical Precision Measurement

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 755
Author(s):  
Chen-Yang Zhao ◽  
Chi-Fai Cheung ◽  
Wen-Peng Fu
Keyword(s):  
Precision Measurement ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Surface Generation ◽  
Precision Machining ◽  
Tool Geometry ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Ultra Precision ◽  
Transition Points ◽  
Cutting Strategy

In this paper, an investigation of cutting strategy is presented for the optimization of machining parameters in the ultra-precision machining of polar microstructures, which are used for optical precision measurement. The critical machining parameters affecting the surface generation and surface quality in the machining of polar microstructures are studied. Hence, the critical ranges of machining parameters have been determined through a series of cutting simulations, as well as cutting experiments. First of all, the influence of field of view (FOV) is investigated. After that, theoretical modeling of polar microstructures is built to generate the simulated surface topography of polar microstructures. A feature point detection algorithm is built for image processing of polar microstructures. Hence, an experimental investigation of the influence of cutting tool geometry, depth of cut, and groove spacing of polar microstructures was conducted. There are transition points from which the patterns of surface generation of polar microstructures vary with the machining parameters. The optimization of machining parameters and determination of the optimized cutting strategy are undertaken in the ultra-precision machining of polar microstructures.

scholarly journals Influence of Tool Geometry and Process Parameters on the Properties of Friction Stir Spot Welded Multiple (AA 5754 H111) Aluminium Sheets

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1157
Author(s):  
Danka Labus Zlatanovic ◽  
Sebastian Balos ◽  
Jean Pierre Bergmann ◽  
Stefan Rasche ◽  
Milan Pecanac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Spot Welding ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Tool Geometry ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
Punch Test ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lap Welding

Friction stir spot welding is an emerging spot-welding technology that offers opportunities for joining a wide range of materials with minimum energy consumption. To increase productivity, the present work addresses production challenges and aims to find solutions for the lap-welding of multiple ultrathin sheets with maximum productivity. Two convex tools with different edge radii were used to weld four ultrathin sheets of AA5754-H111 alloy each with 0.3 mm thickness. To understand the influence of tool geometries and process parameters, coefficient of friction (CoF), microstructure and mechanical properties obtained with the Vickers microhardness test and the small punch test were analysed. A scanning acoustic microscope was used to assess weld quality. It was found that the increase of tool radius from 15 to 22.5 mm reduced the dwell time by a factor of three. Samples welded with a specific tool were seen to have no delamination and improved mechanical properties due to longer stirring time. The rotational speed was found to be the most influential parameter in governing the weld shape, CoF, microstructure, microhardness and weld efficiency. Low rotational speeds caused a 14.4% and 12.8% improvement in joint efficiency compared to high rotational speeds for both tools used in this investigation.

Surface Roughness and Cutting Force Components Evaluation in Hard Turning by Differently Shaped Cutting Tools

2016 ◽  
Vol 862 ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Samardžiová
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Hard Turning ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Tool Geometry ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Cutting Force Components ◽  
Force Components

There is a difference in machining by the cutting tool with defined geometry and undefined geometry. That is one of the reasons of implementation of hard turning into the machining process. In current manufacturing processes is hard turning many times used as a fine finish operation. It has many advantages – machining by single point cutting tool, high productivity, flexibility, ability to produce parts with complex shapes at one clamping. Very important is to solve machined surface quality. There is a possibility to use wiper geometry in hard turning process to achieve 3 – 4 times lower surface roughness values. Cutting parameters influence cutting process as well as cutting tool geometry. It is necessary to take into consideration cutting force components as well. Issue of the use of wiper geometry has been still insufficiently researched.

Optimization and surface modification in electrical discharge machining of AA 6061/SiCp composite using Cu–W electrode

2015 ◽  
Vol 231 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balbir Singh ◽  
Jatinder Kumar ◽  
Sudhir Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Electrode Wear ◽  
Material Transfer ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Recast Layer Thickness ◽  
Pulse On Time ◽  
Pulse Off Time

This paper presents the experimental investigation on the electro-discharge machining of aluminum alloy 6061 reinforced with SiC particles using sintered Cu–W electrode. Experiments have been designed as per central composite rotatable design, using response surface methodology. Machining characteristics such as material removal rate (MRR), electrode wear ratio (EWR), and surface roughness (SR) have been investigated under the influence of four electrical process parameters; namely peak current, pulse on time, pulse off time, and gap voltage. The process parameters have been optimized to obtain optimal combination of MRR, EWR, and SR. Further, the influence of sintered Cu–W electrode on surface characteristics has been analyzed with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and Vicker microhardness tests. The results revealed that all the process parameters significantly affect MRR, EWR, and SR. The machined surface properties are modified as a result of material transfer from the electrode. The recast layer thickness is increased at higher setting of electrical parameters. The hardness across the machined surface is also increased by the use of sintered Cu–W electrode.

Videooptical Surface Shape and Integrity Estimation in Robots Machining

2013 ◽  
Vol 332 ◽  
pp. 270-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Mikolajczyk
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Industrial Robot ◽  
Surface Shape ◽  
Engineering System ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Reflectivity Method ◽  
Machining System ◽  
Grinding Tool ◽  
Smart Machining ◽  
Usb Camera

Paper shows system to surface shape and quality control in machining using industrial robot. To surface control videooptical methods were used. Surface shape was controlled using the special reverse engineering system. To surface roughness measure machined surface reflectivity method was used. Used own constructions non contact system was equipped with red laser light and USB camera. Wrist of robot was equipped with grinding tool. In paper shows some algorithms of presented processes. Shown too examples of experiments results in surface roughness measure in start end of grinding process. First trials of presented system shows possibility to build smart machining system for finishing of surface with unknown shape.

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