Experimental Study and Pore Network Modeling of Formation Damage Induced by Fines Migration in Unconsolidated Sandstone Reservoirs

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Han ◽  
Liguo Zhong ◽  
Yigang Liu ◽  
Tao Fang ◽  
Cunliang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Water Injection ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Formation Damage ◽  
Fluid Viscosity ◽  
Pore Scale ◽  
Reservoir Properties ◽  
Reservoir Permeability ◽  
Sandstone Reservoirs

Abstract Fine migration is always considered as one of the major mechanisms that are responsible for formation damage. The unwanted reduction of reservoir permeability would result in the decline of water injection and consequent oil production, especially for the unconsolidated sandstone reservoir. For better understanding, the mechanisms of formation damage in pore-scale, a new three-dimensional pore-scale network model (PNM) is proposed and developed to simulate formation damage caused by particle detachment, migration, and capture in pore throats based on force analysis. Experiments are also conducted on the formation damage characteristics of an unconsolidated core. Both X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope (SEM) are applied to understand the microscopic reservoir properties. The experimental results show that the studied core has a strong flowrate sensitivity. A comparison between experimental results and PNM simulation results is conducted. The simulated results agree well with the experimental data, which approves the efficiency and accuracy of the PNM. Sensitivity analysis results show that larger particle sizes, higher flowrate, higher fluid viscosity, and lower ion concentration of the fluids would contribute to the formation damage, which could provide guidance for the development of unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs with strong sensitivity.

scholarly journals Experimental investigation on reservoir damage caused by clay minerals after water injection in low permeability sandstone reservoirs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yazhou Zhou ◽  
Wenbin Yang ◽  
Daiyin Yin
Keyword(s):  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Damage Mechanism ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Formation Damage ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Porosity And Permeability ◽  
Sandstone Reservoirs

AbstractWater injection is an effective method for developing low permeability sandstone reservoirs. In the process of water flooding, reservoir damage can occur due to clay mineral content changes and it will significantly affect oil production. There are few investigations on the changes in clay mineral content and the degree of reservoir damage after injecting the water into low permeability sandstone reservoirs with different permeabilities and lithologies. In this study, low permeability natural cores from different lithological strata were collected from 4 wells in the Daqing sandstone reservoir, and clay mineral components and contents were measured through X-ray diffraction. Changes in the clay mineral content were determined after water injection. The reservoir damage mechanism by clay mineral migration was determined by analyzing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images after water injection. Meanwhile, the porosity and permeability of the cores were tested after water injection, and the degree of reservoir damage in different lithological strata was determined. The clay mineral content ranges from 6.78 to 14.14% in low permeability sandstone cores and declines by 49.73% after water flooding. Illite, chlorite and illite/smectite mostly decrease, and kaolinite decreases the least. Due to the large particle size of kaolinite, kaolinite migration will block the pore-throats and cause formation damage after water flooding. In argillaceous siltstone and siltstone, kaolinite particles blocking pore-throats are very serious, and the permeability decreases greatly by 21.87–36.89% after water injection. With increasing permeability, the permeability decreases greatly after water injection. The findings of this study can help to better understand the mechanisms of formation damage after injecting water into low permeability sandstone reservoirs.

MODELING OF A HYDRAULIC FRACTURE INITIATION AND PROPAGATION ON AN INJECTION WELL FOR NON-FRACTURED TERRIGENOUS ROCKS ON THE PRIOBSKOYE FIELD

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
E.V. Shel ◽  
P.K. Kabanova ◽  
D.R. Tkachenko ◽  
I.S. Bazyrov ◽  
A.V. Logvinyuk
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Hydraulic Fracture ◽  
Fourier Transforms ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
System Optimization ◽  
Injection Well ◽  
Fluid Viscosity ◽  
Reservoir Properties ◽  
Injection Speed ◽  
Net Pressure

The paper considers a semi-analytical model for the water-injection well critical pressure estimation at which the fracture will initiate. The model is based on the Biot`s theory of poroelasticity and the algorithm based on the Fourier transforms and the finite difference method was used to solve the problem. The solution involves a sequential calculation of changes in the reservoir pressure distribution and changes in rock stresses using plane-stress approach for a periodic development element. For the cases when the assumption of the homogeneity of the elastic, strength and formation reservoir properties is unacceptable three-dimensional geomechanical modeling algorithm is used, taking into account the actual geological parameters of the formations and the results of hydrodynamic modeling using historical data. In addition, a semi-analytical model for the water-induced fracture breakthrough interval (in height) estimation is proposed. The model includes the following parameters: formation pressure, injection speed, fluid viscosity and injection time. The model is based on the net pressure calculation for a rectangular hydraulic fracture in the leakage dominant regime (Perkins–Kern–Nordgren model). The model uses a 1D geomechanical model and reservoir properties as an input data. The breakthrough interval is calculated iteratively with the assumption of the fracture height at each step. The additional net pressure is calculated using the distribution of permeability and formation elastic properties. If this pressure exceeds the compressive rock stresses in the neighboring layers, then the water-induced fracture will grow vertically into the neighboring layers. The iteration continues until the vertical growth stops. The resulting techniques can be used for waterflooding process control and development system optimization.

scholarly journals Investigation on degradation mechanism of polymer blockages in unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs

e-Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Wenting Dong ◽  
Dong Zhang ◽  
Keliang Wang ◽  
Yue Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Polymer Flooding ◽  
Core Flooding ◽  
Reservoir Properties ◽  
Thermal Analyzer ◽  
Sandstone Reservoirs ◽  
Suction Index ◽  
Weighing Method

AbstractPolymer flooding technology has shown satisfactorily acceptable performance in improving oil recovery from unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs. The adsorption of the polymer in the pore leads to the increase of injection pressure and the decrease of suction index, which affects the effect of polymer flooding. In this article, the water and oil content of polymer blockages, which are taken from Bohai Oilfield, are measured by weighing method. In addition, the synchronous thermal analyzer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) are used to evaluate the composition and functional groups of the blockage, respectively. Then the core flooding experiments are also utilized to assess the effect of polymer plugs on reservoir properties and optimize the best degradant formulation. The results of this investigation show that the polymer adsorption in core after polymer flooding is 0.0068 g, which results in a permeability damage rate of 74.8%. The degradation ability of the agent consisting of 1% oxidizer SA-HB and 10% HCl is the best, the viscosity of the system decreases from 501.7 to 468.5 mPa‧s.

Conical SNA using fuzzy k-medoids based on user experience

2021 ◽  
pp. 002072092098849
Author(s):  
Poonam Rani ◽  
MPS Bhatia ◽  
Devendra K Tayal
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
User Experience ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Dynamic Parameters ◽  
Clustering Method ◽  
Cone Model ◽  
Intelligent Approach ◽  
Conical Model

The paper presents an intelligent approach for the comparison of social networks through a cone model by using the fuzzy k-medoids clustering method. It makes use of a geometrical three-dimensional conical model, which astutely represents the user experience views. It uses both the static as well as the dynamic parameters of social networks. In this, we propose an algorithm that investigates which social network is more fruitful. For the experimental results, the proposed work is employed on the data collected from students from different universities through the Google forms, where students are required to rate their experience of using different social networks on different scales.

Research on Transition Zones of Spherical Surface Parts in 3D Rolling Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 687-691 ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Da Ming Wang ◽  
Ming Zhe Li ◽  
Zhong Yi Cai
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Metal ◽  
Spherical Surface ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Transition Zones ◽  
Spherical Surfaces ◽  
Sheet Width ◽  
Forming Precision ◽  
Roll Gap

3D rolling is a novel technology for three-dimensional surface parts. In this process, by controlling the gap between the upper and lower forming rolls, the sheet metal is non-uniformly thinned in thickness direction, and the longitudinal elongation of the sheet metal is different along the transverse direction, which makes the sheet metal generate three-dimensional deformation. In this paper, the transition zones of spherical surface parts in 3D rolling process are investigated. Spherical surface parts with the same widths but different lengths are simulated in condition of the same roll gap, and their experimental results are presented. The forming precision of forming parts and the causes of transition zones in the head and tail regions are analyzed through simulated results. The simulated and experimental results show that the lengths of transition zones of spherical surfaces in the head and tail regions are fixed values in condition of the same sheet width and roll gap.

Segmentation of Kidneys from Computed Tomography Using 3D Fast GrowCut Algorithm

2013 ◽  
Vol 333-335 ◽  
pp. 1145-1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gao Yuan Dai ◽  
Zhi Cheng Li ◽  
Jia Gu ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Xing Min Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
Great Role ◽  
Color Features ◽  
Monotonically Decreasing Function ◽  
Kidney Segmentation ◽  
Ct Volume

This paper proposes a fast GrowCut (FGC) algorithm and applies the new algorithm in three-dimensional (3D)kidney segmentation from computed tomography (CT) volume data. Users could mark the object of interest with different labels in CT slices.FGC propagates the labels using monotonically decreasing function and color features to derive an optimal cut for a given data in space. The color features play a great role in comparing with neighborhood cells. The experimental results clearly demonstrate the superiority of FGC in accuracy and speed.

Finite Element Study of the Cutting Mechanics of the Three Dimensional Rock Turning Process

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demeng Che ◽  
Jacob Smith ◽  
Kornel F. Ehmann
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Polycrystalline Diamond ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Failure Behavior ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Gas Drilling ◽  
Cutting Mechanics

The unceasing improvements of polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) cutters have pushed the limits of tool life and cutting efficiency in the oil and gas drilling industry. However, the still limited understanding of the cutting mechanics involved in rock cutting/drilling processes leads to unsatisfactory performance in the drilling of hard/abrasive rock formations. The Finite Element Method (FEM) holds the promise to advance the in-depth understanding of the interactions between rock and cutters. This paper presents a finite element (FE) model of three-dimensional face turning of rock representing one of the most frequent testing methods in the PDC cutter industry. The pressure-dependent Drucker-Prager plastic model with a plastic damage law was utilized to describe the elastic-plastic failure behavior of rock. A newly developed face turning testbed was introduced and utilized to provide experimental results for the calibration and validation of the formulated FE model. Force responses were compared between simulations and experiments. The relationship between process parameters and force responses and the mechanics of the process were discussed and a close correlation between numerical and experimental results was shown.

scholarly journals Contribution of upper airway geometry to convective mixing

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 1733-1740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santhosh T. Jayaraju ◽  
Manuel Paiva ◽  
Mark Brouns ◽  
Chris Lacor ◽  
Sylvia Verbanck
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Axial Dispersion ◽  
Half Width ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Cfd Simulations ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Axial Dispersion Coefficient ◽  
Dispersive Effect ◽  
Flow Directions

We investigated the axial dispersive effect of the upper airway structure (comprising mouth cavity, oropharynx, and trachea) on a traversing aerosol bolus. This was done by means of aerosol bolus experiments on a hollow cast of a realistic upper airway model (UAM) and three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations in the same UAM geometry. The experiments showed that 50-ml boluses injected into the UAM dispersed to boluses with a half-width ranging from 80 to 90 ml at the UAM exit, across both flow rates (250, 500 ml/s) and both flow directions (inspiration, expiration). These experimental results imply that the net half-width induced by the UAM typically was 69 ml. Comparison of experimental bolus traces with a one-dimensional Gaussian-derived analytical solution resulted in an axial dispersion coefficient of 200–250 cm2/s, depending on whether the bolus peak and its half-width or the bolus tail needed to be fully accounted for. CFD simulations agreed well with experimental results for inspiratory boluses and were compatible with an axial dispersion of 200 cm2/s. However, for expiratory boluses the CFD simulations showed a very tight bolus peak followed by an elongated tail, in sharp contrast to the expiratory bolus experiments. This indicates that CFD methods that are widely used to predict the fate of aerosols in the human upper airway, where flow is transitional, need to be critically assessed, possibly via aerosol bolus simulations. We conclude that, with all its geometric complexity, the upper airway introduces a relatively mild dispersion on a traversing aerosol bolus for normal breathing flow rates in inspiratory and expiratory flow directions.

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