A Case Study on Designing a Passive Feeding-Assistive Orthosis for Arthrogryposis

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Nobre Castro ◽  
Tariq Rahman ◽  
Kristen Faith Nicholson ◽  
John Rasmussen ◽  
Shaoping Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Neuromuscular Disorders ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Assistive Devices ◽  
Assistive Device ◽  
Motor Deficit ◽  
Anterior Aspect ◽  
Joint Center

Abstract Passive arm-assistive devices play an important role in the rehabilitation of patients with neuromuscular disorders or injuries by overcoming their motor deficit. Routine human activities such as feeding are not possible without the aid provided by one of these devices or by a caregiver. In this study, a body-powered assistive device was designed for feeding purposes using a compact spherical scissors mechanism and zero-free-length (ZFL) springs (rubber bands) to leverage the patient's residual biceps and healthy triceps function. This partially balanced and lightweight orthosis was also projected to accommodate the spring attachment points closer to the elbow joint center. The performance of the prototype was evaluated on a young adult with bilateral amyoplasia of the biceps due to arthrogryposis who could not initially reach the superior anterior aspect of the close-to-torso region of the reachable three-dimensional (3D) workspace (RWS). That was accomplished by measuring the anatomical RWS of the patient before and while wearing the device. The results show that the patient, with the assistance provided by the device, was able to attain positions in the frontal close-to-torso region of the body that included reaching her mouth, thus enabling independent feeding.

Major Metrics, Concerns, and Assessment Strategy for Mobility Assistive Devices

2020 ◽  
pp. 171-203
Author(s):  
Yiannis Koumpouros
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Assistive Devices ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Assistive Device ◽  
Mobility Devices ◽  
Mobility Aids ◽  
Environmental Causes ◽  
Elderly Mobility

The ageing of the population is one of the major societal and financial problems. The prevalence of disability increases dramatically by age. The loss of mobility can be devastating to the elderly. Mobility aids are a one-way street to maintain independent mobility. The performance of daily activities is restrained by a series of factors related to the assistive device limitations, or the ones emerged from environmental causes. A literature review reveals minimal tools for assessing mobility assistive devices able to capture users' satisfaction. The chapter presents an assessment methodology in order to investigate assistive mobility devices' limitations, dissatisfaction reasons, and identifies the most appropriate tools to study such limitations and conclude in valid outcomes. One of the valuable characteristics of the study presented in its generalizability since it is not disease oriented. A summary of the results from both the literature review and the real case study on a mixed group of end users are presented in the chapter.

Reverse Engineering of Self-Propelled Anguilliform Swimmers

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 203-211
Author(s):  
Stefan Kern ◽  
Philippe Chatelain ◽  
Petros Koumoutsakos
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Evolutionary Strategy ◽  
Dynamic Features ◽  
Natural Form ◽  
Burst Swimming ◽  
Swimming Kinematics

Biological mimesis pertains usually to the translation of a natural form or mechanism into an engineering design. Mimesis however can also apply to the design process itself as one may employ the principles of natural evolution to the optimization of engineering problems. As an exemplary case study for this approach, we present the application of an Evolutionary Strategy to the optimization of anguilliform swimming. This investigation uses three-dimensional simulations of the flow past a self-propelled body. The motion of the body is not specified a priori but is instead the result of a reverse engineering process. This procedure helps us identify systematically the links between swimming kinematics and biological function. Three distinct objectives are considered: the swimming efficiency, the burst swimming speed, and the acoutic far field signature. We focus on the acoustic and dynamic features, and in particular, we extract phaseshift information for motion controllers..

Will the Real Devil Speak Up?

Resonance ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-278
Author(s):  
Müge Turan
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Exceptional Case ◽  
The Body ◽  
Two Dimensional Image ◽  
Horror Genre ◽  
Sound Film ◽  
Cinematic Experience ◽  
Speak Up ◽  
The Voice

Ventriloquism, Edison’s playback, and the sound film base their appeal to spectators primarily on the tension between the two-dimensional image and three-dimensional sound, between space and surface, as well as between body and voice. My focus is on the disembodied voice in cinema, the voice with no body attached. The meanings attached to the unaccommodated or unlocatable voices in various kinds of ventriloquism seem to produce just such a suspension. The opening of the connection between a voice and a body as its source reminds us of the voice as a partial object in the writings of Jacques Lacan, as well as Rick Altman’s model of ventriloquism, in which whoever controls sound in film is a ventriloquist who “uses” the body, manipulating it as if it were a puppet. This notion becomes fascinatingly complicated when applied to The Exorcist (1973, William Friedkin). The Exorcist stages the battle between the forces of sound and image, body and voice, elevating it to a terrifying good-versus-evil theological level. This battle extends the diegetic narrative to become a battle between two actors (the voice actor and the actor seen on screen) trying to share one body, a split between two personalities. The film is an exceptional case study that allows us to examine the ways in which cinema contributes to and mediates the ventriloquial act, as well as the roles of the visual, aural, and tactile perceptual channels and their relation to each other in the cinematic experience, in particular in the horror genre.

scholarly journals Application of User Experience and Design Thinking to the Construction of a Class Assistance System for Hearing- and Speech-Impaired People

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 7191
Author(s):  
Jih-Sheng Lo ◽  
Chi-Hung Lo ◽  
Shyh-Chour Huang ◽  
Wei-Chen Wang
Keyword(s):  
User Experience ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Assistive Devices ◽  
Assistive Device ◽  
Innovative Design ◽  
Function Impairment ◽  
Impaired People ◽  
The Subject

According to a study by the Department of Statistics, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan, a total of 15,145 people had a voice function impairment or speech function impairment, and a total of 122,533 people had a hearing impairment by the second quarter (Q2) of 2018. Hearing and speech are the most commonly used sensory functions for communication. Therefore, a person will suffer unimaginable difficulties with the loss of both functions during her/his life. The problems that a handicapped student might encounter during school are often neglected. The way a teacher teaches during a class and how a student interacts with others should be highlighted. The deficiency in assistive devices for hearing- and speech-impaired people is due to several factors. In fact, there is insufficient information and not enough researchers. The translation of language by foreign assistive devices is more rigorous; however, domestic resources for assistive devices for hearing- and speech-impaired people are limited. No relevant information on learning through assistive devices is available. The subject examined in this study was a hearing-impaired student in her junior year, who lost speech capability after an ear stroke. This study examined the problems that she encountered during her learning in a class with average students. After a literature review and the investigation of the case study, user experience and design thinking approaches were implemented for the development of an assistive device. A class learning assistive system, which is based on a simple innovative design and a highly flexible combination of elements, was created. After a series of experimental verifications and improvements, the results indicated that this learning assistive system could effectively enhance the research subject’s confidence and autonomy during learning in class.

Loss of proprioception produces deficits in interjoint coordination

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 2136-2147 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Sainburg ◽  
H. Poizner ◽  
C. Ghez
Keyword(s):  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sensory Neuropathy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Interjoint Coordination ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Multijoint Movements

1. We analyzed the performance of a simple pantomimed gesture in 2 patients with large-fiber sensory neuropathy and 11 control subjects to determine how proprioceptive deafferentation disrupts unconstrained multijoint movements. Both patients had near-total loss of joint position, vibration, and discriminative touch sensation in the upper extremities. Muscle strength remained intact. 2. Subjects performed a gesture similar to slicing a loaf of bread. In this gesture, the hand first moves outward from the body, reverses direction sharply, and then moves back toward the body. Accurate performance requires precise coordination between the shoulder and elbow joints during movement reversals. Movements were performed under two conditions: with eyes open and with eyes closed. Three dimensional shoulder, elbow, wrist, and hand trajectories were recorded on a WATSMART system. 3. When control subjects performed the gesture with their eyes closed, their wrist trajectories were relatively straight and individual cycles of motion were planar. Movements reversed direction sharply, such that outward and inward portions of the wrist path were closely aligned. Corresponding to this spatial profile, the reversals in movement direction at the shoulder joint, from flexion to extension, and at the elbow joint, from extension to flexion, were synchronous. 4. In contrast, when deafferented patients performed the gesture with their eyes closed, their wrist trajectories were highly curved and individual cycles were severely nonplanar. The wrist paths showed a characteristic anomaly during the reversal in movement direction, when elbow joint movement became transiently locked. Correspondingly, the movement reversals at the shoulder and elbow joints were severely temporally decoupled. 5. When patients were able to view their limbs during performance of this gesture there was significant improvement in the linearity and planarity of movements. However, the patients remained unable to synchronize the movements at the shoulder and elbow joints to produce spatially precise wrist paths. 6. We conclude that loss of proprioception disrupts interjoint coordination and discuss the hypothesis that this interjoint coordination deficit results from a failure to control the interaction forces that arise between limb segments during multijoint movements.

Proximal cueing to reduce elbow extension levels in suspect spin bowlers: A case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 643-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kane J Middleton ◽  
Denny JM Wells ◽  
Daryl H Foster ◽  
Jacqueline A Alderson
Keyword(s):  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Statistical Parametric Mapping ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Joint Kinematics ◽  
Hand Position ◽  
Elbow Extension ◽  
Waveform Data ◽  
Flexion Extension

Cricket bowlers must be able to deliver the ball with less than 15° of elbow extension or face suspension. The aim of this case study was to report the findings of a technique remediation programme on the elbow joint kinematics of an international cricket bowler. The bowler underwent a three-dimensional bowling analysis to measure his elbow joint kinematics before and after a technique remediation programme. The bowler was required to bowl six deliveries of each of his off-break, quicker and doosra variations. The remediation programme focussed on modifying the bowler’s run-up, shoulder alignment and ball/hand position at back foot impact. Elbow joint waveform data were analysed using statistical parametric mapping tests and coefficient of multiple determination. Elbow flexion–extension angles at discrete events were compared pre- and post-remediation using paired-sample t-tests. Results showed that the remediation programme was effective in reducing the amount of elbow flexion, particularly in the first 60% of the delivery cycle. Elbow extension range was significantly lower post-remediation for the off-break and quicker deliveries. It was concluded that basic short-term technique remediation can be effective in reducing elbow extension range.

scholarly journals Análisis de las variables cinemáticas en la técnica del pateo en el fútbol a partir de criterios de eficiencia biomecánicos

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marelvy Camacaro ◽  
Alberto Colina ◽  
Mihai Zissu
Keyword(s):  
Young Woman ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Consequent Improvement ◽  
Descriptive Level

La presente investigación se realizó con el objetivo de analizar las variables cinemáticas que se manifiestan en la técnica del pateo en el fútbol a partir de criterios de eficiencia biomecánicos. Fue una investigación de nivel descriptivo, con un diseño de campo, basado en un estudio de caso con una atleta de 15 años. Se utilizó el método videográfico tridimensional (3D) con los enfoques: cuantitativo (programa “Human v 5.0”) y cualitativo (escala Likert). Se cuantificaron las variables cinemáticas mediante pre y pos test. Se establecieron criterios de eficiencia para optimizar variables biomecánicas en las fases: Preparatoria y Pateo. Así, se orientó el entrenamiento de la adolescente en función de fortalezas y debilidades identificadas desde la perspectiva biomecánica, lo que permitió optimizar la técnica de los miembros inferiores, dominante y no dominante. Entre otros resultados, destacó el aumento de sincronización y consecuente mejoría del patrón temporal de movimiento lo que facilitó la coordinación de impulso parcial, y por ende la transferencia de energía del cuerpo hacia el balón, incidiendo positivamente en la velocidad resultante, trayectoria y precisión del balón con lo cual aumentó la frecuencia del gol, hecho que incidió en el rendimiento y perfil de la joven, destacándose en la posición lateral con un manejo eficiente del balón por ambos perfiles. The present investigation was carried out with the objective of analyzing the kinematic variables that are manifested in the kicking technique in soccer based on biomechanical efficiency criteria. It was a descriptive level investigation, with a field design, based on a case study with a 15-year-old athlete. The three-dimensional (3D) videographic method was used with the approaches: quantitative (“Human v 5.0” program) and qualitative (Likert scale). Kinematic variables were quantified by pre and posttest. Efficiency criteria were established to optimize biomechanical variables in the phases: Preparatory and Kicking. Thus, the adolescent's training was oriented according to the strengths and weaknesses identified from the biomechanical perspective, which allowed optimizing the technique of the dominant and non-dominant lower limbs. Among other results, the increase in synchronization and consequent improvement in the temporal pattern of movement stood out, which facilitated the coordination of partial impulse, and therefore the transfer of energy from the body to the ball, positively influencing the resulting speed, trajectory and precision of the ball which increased the frequency of the goal, a fact that affected the performance and profile of the young woman, standing out in the lateral position with an efficient handling of the ball by both profile.

scholarly journals THE OPTIMAL KINEMATIC MODEL OF THE PERFORMANCE OF THE CLEAR HIP CIRCLE TO HANDSTAND ON THE UNEVEN BARS – A CASE STUDY

2018 ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Emilija Petković ◽  
Saša Veličković ◽  
Edvard Kolar ◽  
Ratko Stanković ◽  
Daniel Stanković
Keyword(s):  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Kinematic Model ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
The Body ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Successful Performance ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Female Gymnasts

The aim of this research was to define the optimal kinematic parameters of performance of the Clear hip circle to handstand on uneven bars (KOVT). The optimal kinematic model defined in this case study represents an example of the successful performance of the Clear hip circle to handstand on the uneven bars. The exercise was performed at the 39th and 40th World Cup in Artistic gymnastics in Maribor (SLO). The kinematic parameters were specified by the APAS 3-D video system (Ariel Dynamics Inc., San Diego, CA), using 16 anthropometric reference points and 8 body segments (Foot, Ankle, Knee joint, Hip joint, Wrist, Elbow joint, Shoulder joint and Head), in which one of the points represents the center of gravity of the body. The female gymnasts (N=15), mean age 17.5 yrs, who performed one Clear hip circle on the uneven bars performed two KOVTs in their gymnastics routine, while the rest performed one KOVT on the uneven bars, mean age 17.5. The main method in this research was kinematic, and the additional one was statistical. Optimizing the technique of successful performance of the KOVT is important for detecting different styles of the technique that occur in female gymnasts.

Scanning electron microscopy of freeze-fractured prescapular lymph node of caprine

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 244-245
Author(s):  
O. Faroon ◽  
F. Al-Bagdadi ◽  
T. G. Snider ◽  
C. Titkemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Cellular Constituent ◽  
Scanning Electron

The lymphatic system is very important in the immunological activities of the body. Clinicians confirm the diagnosis of infectious diseases by palpating the involved cutaneous lymph node for changes in size, heat, and consistency. Clinical pathologists diagnose systemic diseases through biopsies of superficial lymph nodes. In many parts of the world the goat is considered as an important source of milk and meat products.The lymphatic system has been studied extensively. These studies lack precise information on the natural morphology of the lymph nodes and their vascular and cellular constituent. This is due to using improper technique for such studies. A few studies used the SEM, conducted by cutting the lymph node with a blade. The morphological data collected by this method are artificial and do not reflect the normal three dimensional surface of the examined area of the lymph node. SEM has been used to study the lymph vessels and lymph nodes of different animals. No information on the cutaneous lymph nodes of the goat has ever been collected using the scanning electron microscope.

Construction of plastic contact deformation maps on ceramics: a case study on aluminum nitride

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 636-637
Author(s):  
D. L. Callahan
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Aluminum Nitride ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bright Field Image ◽  
Perfectly Plastic ◽  
Contrast Analysis ◽  
Deformation Patterns

Modern polishing, precision machining and microindentation techniques allow the processing and mechanical characterization of ceramics at nanometric scales and within entirely plastic deformation regimes. The mechanical response of most ceramics to such highly constrained contact is not predictable from macroscopic properties and the microstructural deformation patterns have proven difficult to characterize by the application of any individual technique. In this study, TEM techniques of contrast analysis and CBED are combined with stereographic analysis to construct a three-dimensional microstructure deformation map of the surface of a perfectly plastic microindentation on macroscopically brittle aluminum nitride.The bright field image in Figure 1 shows a lg Vickers microindentation contained within a single AlN grain far from any boundaries. High densities of dislocations are evident, particularly near facet edges but are not individually resolvable. The prominent bend contours also indicate the severity of plastic deformation. Figure 2 is a selected area diffraction pattern covering the entire indentation area.

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