scholarly journals Demonstration of a Compliant Microspring Array as a Thermal Interface Material for Pluggable Optoelectronic Transceiver Modules

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Cui ◽  
Liang Pan ◽  
Justin A. Weibel
Keyword(s):  
Heat Sink ◽  
Thermal Contact ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Thermal Interface Material ◽  
Thermal Contact Conductance ◽  
Compression Pressure ◽  
Thermal Interface ◽  
Operation Temperature ◽  
Optical Module ◽  
Dry Contact

Abstract Pluggable optoelectronic transceiver modules are widely used in the fiber-optic communication infrastructure. It is essential to mitigate thermal contact resistance between the high-power optical module and its riding heat sink in order to maintain the required operation temperature. The pluggable nature of the modules requires dry contact thermal interfaces that permit repeated insertion–disconnect cycles under low compression pressures (∼10 to 100 kPa). Conventional wet thermal interface materials (TIM), such as greases, or those that require high compression pressures, are not suitable for pluggable operation. Here, we demonstrate the use of compliant microstructured TIM to enhance the thermal contact conductance between an optical module and its riding heat sink under a low compression pressure (20 kPa). The metallized and polymer-coated structures are able to accommodate the surface nonflatness and microscale roughness of the mating surface while maintaining a high effective thermal conductance across the thickness. This dry contact TIM is demonstrated to maintain reliable thermal performance after 100 plug-in and plug-out cycles while under compression.

scholarly journals Demonstration of a Compliant Micro-Spring Array As a Thermal Interface Material for Pluggable Optoelectronic Transceiver Modules

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Cui ◽  
Liang Pan ◽  
Justin A. Weibel
Keyword(s):  
Heat Sink ◽  
Thermal Contact ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Thermal Interface Material ◽  
Thermal Contact Conductance ◽  
Compression Pressure ◽  
Thermal Interface ◽  
Operation Temperature ◽  
Optical Module ◽  
Dry Contact

Abstract Pluggable optoelectronic transceiver modules are widely used in the fiber-optic communication infrastructure. It is essential to mitigate thermal contact resistance between the high-power optical module and its riding heat sink in order to maintain the required operation temperature. The pluggable nature of the modules requires dry contact thermal interfaces that permit repeated insertion–disconnect cycles under low compression pressures (∼10–100 kPa). Conventional wet thermal interface materials (TIM), such as greases, or those that require high compression pressures, are not suitable for pluggable operation. Here we demonstrate the use of compliant micro-structured TIM to enhance the thermal contact conductance between an optical module and its riding heat sink under a low compression pressure (20 kPa). The metallized and polymer-coated structures are able to accommodate the surface nonflatness and microscale roughness of the mating surface while maintaining a high effective thermal conductance across the thickness. This dry contact TIM is demonstrated to maintain reliable thermal performance after 100 plug-in and plug-out cycles while under compression.

Boron Nitride Particle Filled Paraffin Wax as a Phase-Change Thermal Interface Material

2006 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongrong Liu ◽  
D. D. L. Chung
Keyword(s):  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Thermal Contact ◽  
Thermal Interface Material ◽  
Paraffin Wax ◽  
Thermal Contact Conductance ◽  
Thermal Interface ◽  
Contact Conductance ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Wax (predominantly tricosane paraffin wax, with a melting temperature of 48°C) filled with hexagonal boron nitride (BN) particles (5-11μm) was found to be an effective phase-change thermal interface material. The thermal contact conductance, as measured with the interface material between copper surfaces, decreased with increasing temperature from 22to48°C, but increased with increasing temperature from 48to55°C. The melting of the wax enhanced the conductance, due to increased conformability to the mating surfaces. For a given BN volume fraction and a given temperature, the thermal contact conductance increased with increasing contact pressure. However, a pressure above 0.30MPa resulted in no significant increase in the conductance. The conductance increased with BN content up to 6.2vol.%, but decreased upon further increase to 8.6vol.%. The highest conductance above the melting temperature was 18×104W∕m2.°C, as attained for a BN content of 4.0vol.% at 55°C and 0.30MPa. Below the melting temperature, the highest conductance was 19×104W∕m2.°C, as attained for a BN content of 6.2vol.% at 22°C and 0.30MPa.

Sodium Silicate Based Thermal Interface Material for High Thermal Contact Conductance

1999 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunsheng Xu ◽  
Xiangcheng Luo ◽  
D. D. L. Chung
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Hexagonal Boron Nitride ◽  
Thermal Contact ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Thermal Interface Material ◽  
Thermal Contact Conductance ◽  
Thermal Interface ◽  
Contact Conductance

Sodium silicate based thermal interface pastes give higher thermal contact conductance across conductor surfaces than polymer based pastes and oils, due to their higher fluidity and the consequent greater conformability. Addition of hexagonal boron nitride particles up to 16.0 vol. percent further increases the conductance of sodium silicate, due to the higher thermal conductivity of BN. However, addition beyond 16.0 vol. percent BN causes the conductance to decrease, due to the decrease in fluidity. At 16.0 vol. percent BN, the conductance is up to 63 percent higher than those given by silicone based pastes and is almost as high as that given by solder. Water is almost as effective as sodium silicate without filler, but the thermal contact conductance decreases with time due to the evaporation of water. Mineral oil and silicone without filler are much less effective than water or sodium silicate without filler. [S1043-7398(00)00402-3]

Molecular Dynamics Modeling of the Effect of Thermal Interface Material on Thermal Contact Conductance

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. B. Jayadeep ◽  
R. Krishna Sabareesh ◽  
R. Nirmal ◽  
K. V. Rijin ◽  
C. B. Sobhan
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Thermal Contact ◽  
Thermal Interface Material ◽  
Thermal Contact Conductance ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Computation Method ◽  
Contact Interface ◽  
Dynamics Modeling ◽  
Thermal Interface ◽  
Contact Conductance

Thermal contact conductance is used to indicate the resistance offered by a contact interface to the flow of heat. When an interface material is applied as nano-layered coatings on super-finished contacting surfaces, the possibility of size effects necessitates the use of a discrete computation method for its analysis. Hence, a methodology is proposed which utilizes Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations to obtain the size affected thermal conductivity of the interfacial layer, which in turn characterizes the thermal contact conductance behavior. Molecular Dynamics codes have been developed, making use of Sutton-Chen many-body potential, suitable for metallic materials. The model includes the asperities at the contact interface, assuming the asperities to be of a simplified geometry. The paper also presents the validation of the codes developed, and parametric studies on the effect of temperature, number of asperities and the material used for thermal interface coating on the size-affected interfacial conductivity.

scholarly journals Noncured Graphene Thermal Interface Materials for High-Power Electronics: Minimizing the Thermal Contact Resistance

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1699
Author(s):  
Sriharsha Sudhindra ◽  
Fariborz Kargar ◽  
Alexander A. Balandin
Keyword(s):  
Contact Resistance ◽  
High Power ◽  
Thermal Contact Resistance ◽  
Thermal Contact ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Thermal Interface Material ◽  
Thermal Interface Materials ◽  
Total Thermal Resistance ◽  
Thermal Interface ◽  
Interface Materials

We report on experimental investigation of thermal contact resistance, RC, of the noncuring graphene thermal interface materials with the surfaces characterized by different degree of roughness, Sq. It is found that the thermal contact resistance depends on the graphene loading, ξ, non-monotonically, achieving its minimum at the loading fraction of ξ ~15 wt %. Decreasing the surface roughness by Sq~1 μm results in approximately the factor of ×2 decrease in the thermal contact resistance for this graphene loading. The obtained dependences of the thermal conductivity, KTIM, thermal contact resistance, RC, and the total thermal resistance of the thermal interface material layer on ξ and Sq can be utilized for optimization of the loading fraction of graphene for specific materials and roughness of the connecting surfaces. Our results are important for the thermal management of high-power-density electronics implemented with diamond and other wide-band-gap semiconductors.

Heat Conduction Through a Layered Pressure Vessel Wall

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-422
Author(s):  
M. Ueda ◽  
M. Kinugawa ◽  
Y. Hara ◽  
K. Yamazato
Keyword(s):  
Heat Conduction ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Thermal Contact ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Postweld Heat Treatment ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Thermal Contact Conductance ◽  
Simplified Method

Heat conduction tests of a layered pressure vessel wall were performed using full-scale model pressure vessel courses. Thermal conductance between layers was estimated from the test results. A simplified method, developed for the thermal analysis of layered-wall pressure vessels during postweld heat treatment and actual operation, includes thermal contact conductance at the layer interfaces which depends upon the contact pressure and gap height. Temperature changes calculated using the simplified method agreed well with the experiments.

scholarly journals Thermal Properties of the Graphene Composites: Application of Thermal Interface Materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.33) ◽  
pp. 530
Author(s):  
Mazlan Mohamed ◽  
Mohd Nazri Omar ◽  
Mohamad Shaiful Ashrul Ishak ◽  
Rozyanty Rahman ◽  
Zaiazmin Y.N ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Contact Resistance ◽  
Thermal Contact ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Thermal Interface Material ◽  
Thermal Interface Materials ◽  
Uniform Thickness ◽  
Thermal Interface ◽  
Interface Materials ◽  
Main Material

Epoxy mixed with others filler for thermal interface material (TIM) had been well conducted and developed. There are problem occurs when previous material were used as matrix material likes epoxy that has non-uniform thickness of thermal interface material produce, time taken for solidification and others. Thermal pad or thermal interface material using graphene as main material to overcome the existing problem and at the same time to increase thermal conductivity and thermal contact resistance. Three types of composite graphene were used for thermal interface material in this research. The sample that contain 10 wt. %, 20 wt. % and 30 wt. % of graphene was used with different contain of graphene oxide (GO).  The thermal conductivity of thermal interface material is both measured and it was found that the increase of amount of graphene used will increase the thermal conductivity of thermal interface material. The highest thermal conductivity is 12.8 W/ (mK) with 30 w. % graphene. The comparison between the present thermal interface material and other thermal interface material show that this present graphene-epoxy is an excellent thermal interface material in increasing thermal conductivity.  

Packaging of High Power UV-LED Modules on Ceramic and Aluminum Substrates

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 (1) ◽  
pp. 000225-000232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Schneider ◽  
Benjamin Leyrer ◽  
Christian Herbold ◽  
Stefan Maikowske
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Heat Sink ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Thermal Interface Material ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Thermal Interface ◽  
Uv Led ◽  
Forward Current ◽  
Water Cooler ◽  
Forced Air

An LED module consisting of 98 UV-LEDs with an emission wavelength of 395 nm placed on a ceramic substrate of 211 mm2 is presented. The module is cooled by a forced air heat sink as well as a high performance microstructured water cooler to lower the thermal resistance. For high thermal conductance a liquid metal as the thermal interface material between substrate and heat sink is used. With the forced air heat sink a maximum irradiance of 27.3 W/cm2 at a forward current of 700 mA and 220 W electrical input power was achieved. The microstructured water cooler enabled an almost doubling of the electrical input power (430 W) while maintaining the chip's maximum temperature. For a reduction of the module's thermal resistance a thick film process for aluminum sheet metal substrates was developed. A prototype LED module with 25 UV-LED chips on an area of 54 mm2 achieved a maximum optical power density of 31.6 W/cm2 at a forward current of 900 mA using a forced air heat sink. For an improved cooling of the LED chips a chip-on-heat sink-technology with embedded water cooling channels is developed to eliminate the thermal interface between substrate and heat sink.

A HIGH THROUGHPUT, LOW COST ASSEMBLY APPROACH FOR LED IMS PACKAGES TO HEAT SINK USING ADVANCED THERMAL INTERFACE MATERIALS

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (1) ◽  
pp. 000627-000632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swapan K. Bhattacharya ◽  
Fei Xie ◽  
Han Wu ◽  
Kelley Hodge ◽  
Keck Pathammavong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Sink ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Thermal Interface Material ◽  
Thermal Interface Materials ◽  
Thermal Interface ◽  
Cycle Times ◽  
High Adhesion ◽  
Machine Cycle

The objective of this study is to design and fabricate a high reliability LED Insulated Metal Substrate (IMS) package to complex heat sink attachment using an advanced thermal interface material (TIM). The assembly consists of LED IMS parts bonded to a heat spreader/sink using an advanced TIM and a corner bond material to quickly and accurately secure the LEDs in position. The corner bond adhesive is snap cured for fast machine cycle times while the high performance, high adhesion TIM materials cure throughout the rest of the assembly operation. This approach allows high accuracy LED bonding without the need for alignment pins or fasteners to anchor to the IMS. The IMS attached to the heat sink is then electrically interconnected with a thin flex substrate on top of the IMS. This approach is expected to replace the current mechanical fastners and low strength silicone TIM materials and reduce the cycle time and overall placement cost which are key drivers especially for the automotive industry.

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