Hydrogen Production From Petroleum Hydrocarbons

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshio Shinoki ◽  
Masaaki Kamizono ◽  
Koshi Katagiri ◽  
Masaki Kusumi ◽  
Yasuyoshi Takeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Catalyst Layer ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Heavy Hydrocarbons ◽  
Liquid Hourly Space Velocity ◽  
Thermochemical Equilibrium ◽  
The Common ◽  
Test Use

Abstract The authors develop a small and simple steam-reforming reactor in a home-use size for such various heavy-hydrocarbons fuels as n-octane, n-decane, n-tetradecane, and n-hexadecane in addition to n-dodecane and measure the inside-temperature profile and the molar fractions of main-gas components such as H2, CH4, CO, and CO2. This reactor is designed only for laboratory-test use, not for a commercial product. As a result, the authors successfully achieve suitable inside-temperature profiles, namely, temperature almost linearly increases in the downstream direction along a reactor, under two conditions such as 600–950 K at the upstream end of the catalyst-layer bed in the reactor and less than 1070 K everywhere in the reactor. And, the authors reveal the effects of the liquid-hourly space velocity (LHSV) upon the molar fractions, a conversion ratio and reforming efficiencies for various heavy-hydrocarbons fuels. All the molar fractions, which agree well with thermochemical-equilibrium theory, are approximately independent of LHSV. The conversion ratio is about 90% for LHSV ≤ 0.6 h−1 and monotonically decreases with increasing LHSV for LHSV > 0.6 h−1. Then, each reforming efficiency always attains the maximum for LHSV ≈ 0.6 h−1 being independent of fuels. This suggests the common upper limit of LHSV for practically suitable operation.

Hydrogen Production From Various Heavy Hydrocarbons by Steam Reforming

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuyoshi Takeda ◽  
Masaki Kusumi ◽  
Masaaki Kamizono ◽  
Toshio Shinoki ◽  
Hirochika Tanigawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Catalyst Layer ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Heavy Hydrocarbons ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Liquid Hourly Space Velocity ◽  
Thermochemical Equilibrium ◽  
The Common

The authors develop a small and simple steam-reforming reactor in a home-use size for such various heavy-hydrocarbons fuels as n-octane, n-decane, n-tetradecane and n-hexadecane in addition to n-dodecane, and measure the inside-temperature profile and the molar fractions of main gas components such as H2, CH4, CO and CO2. As a result, the authors successfully achieve suitable inside-temperature profiles. Namely, temperature almost-linearly increases in the downstream direction along a reactor, under such two conditions as 600–950 K at the upstream end of the catalyst-layer bed in the reactor and as less-than 1,070 K everywhere in the reactor. And, the authors reveal the effects of the liquid-hourly space velocity (LHSV) upon the molar fractions, a conversion ratio and reforming efficiencies for various heavy-hydrocarbons fuels. All the molar fractions, which agree well with thermochemical-equilibrium theory, are approximately independent of LHSV. The conversion ratio is about 90 % for LHSV ≤ 0.6 h−1, and monotonically decreases with increasing LHSV for LHSV > 0.6 h−1. Then, each reforming efficiency always attains the maximum for LHSV ≈ 0.6 h−1 being independent of fuels. This suggests the common upper limit of LHSV for practically-suitable operation.

Hydrogen Production by a Steam Reforming Reactor for Heavy Hydrocarbons

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasutaka Fujimoto ◽  
Toshio Shinoki ◽  
Hirochika Tanigawa ◽  
Jiro Funaki ◽  
Katsuya Hirata
Keyword(s):  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Thermal Equilibrium ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Equilibrium Theory ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Heavy Hydrocarbons ◽  
Liquid Hourly Space Velocity ◽  
High Conversion Ratio ◽  
Thermal Diffuser

The authors develop a small and simple steam-reforming reactor in a home-use size for n-dodecane as a heavy-hydrocarbons fuel. Under the thermal condition controlled by electric heaters and a gas burner with a thermal diffuser, the authors measure the inside-temperature profile and the hydrogen-molecule ratio (concentration) RH2, together with the molecule ratios RCH4, RCO and RCO2 of other main gas components such as CH4, CO and CO2, respectively. Besides, the authors conduct numerical simulations based on a thermal-equilibrium theory, in addition to experiments. As a result, the authors successfully achieve suitable inside-temperature profiles. And, the effects of the liquid-hourly-space velocity LHSV upon RH2, RCH4, RCO and RCO2 are shown, experimentally. For LHSV ≤ 1, the experimental results agree well with the thermal equilibrium theory. This is in consistent with high conversion ratio XC12H26 ≳ 80%. Furthermore, the authors reveal the effects of the temperature T inside the reactor upon the molecule ratios, comparing with the thermal-equilibrium theory.

Dimethyldisulphide Hydrodesulphurization on NiCoMo / Al2O3 Catalyst

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1496-1500
Author(s):  
Rami Doukeh ◽  
Mihaela Bombos ◽  
Ancuta Trifoi ◽  
Minodora Pasare ◽  
Ionut Banu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Good Accuracy ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Continuous System ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalytic Reactor ◽  
Liquid Hourly Space Velocity ◽  
Hydrodesulfurization Process ◽  
Al2o3 Catalyst ◽  
Simplified Kinetic Model

Hydrodesulphurization of dimethyldisulphide was performed on Ni-Co-Mo /�-Al2O3 catalyst. The catalyst was characterized by determining the adsorption isotherms, the pore size distribution and the acid strength. Experiments were carried out on a laboratory echipament in continuous system using a fixed bed catalytic reactor at 50-100�C, pressure from 10 barr to 50 barr, the liquid hourly space velocity from 1h-1 to 4h-1 and the molar ratio H2 / dimethyldisulphide 60/1. A simplified kinetic model based on the Langmuir�Hinshelwood theory, for the dimethyldisulphide hydrodesulfurization process of dimethyldisulphide has been proposed. The results show the good accuracy of the model.

Effects of Cu and K Promoters on the Catalytic Performance of Iron-Based Nanocatalyst for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

2013 ◽  
Vol 832 ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Faiz Hanna Tasfy ◽  
Noor Asmawati Mohd Zabidi ◽  
Duvvuri Subbarao
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Reactant Ratio ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Heavy Hydrocarbons ◽  
Co Conversion ◽  
Iron Based

Iron-based nanocatalyst was prepared via impregnation method on SiO2 support. The effects of promoters, namely, K and Cu, on the physical properties and catalytic performance in FTS have been investigated. The FTS performance of the synthesized nanocatalysts was examined in a fixed-bed microreactor at temperature of 523K, atmospheric pressure, 1.5 reactant ratio (H2/CO) and space velocity of 3L/g-cat.h. In FTS reaction, Cu promoter resulted in a lower CO conversion and C5+ hydrocarbons selectivity but higher selectivity to the lighter hydrocarbons (C1-C4) comparedto those obtained using the K promoter. Higher CO conversion (28.9%) and C5+ hydrocarbons selectivity (54.4%) were obtained using K as a promoter compared to that of Cu promoter. However, the K-promoted nanocatalyst resulted in a lower CO conversion but higher selectivity of the heavy hydrocarbons (C5+) compared to those obtained using the un-promoted nanocatalyst.

scholarly journals Zinc Acetate Immobilized on Mesoporous Materials by Acetate Ionic Liquids as Catalysts for Vinyl Acetate Synthesis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Xu ◽  
Tianlong Yu ◽  
Mei Li
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
Catalyst Layer ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Vinyl Acetate Monomer ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Ionic liquid containing active ingredient Zn(CH3COO)2was loaded in mesoporous silica gel to form supported ionic liquids catalyst (SILC) which was used to synthesize vinyl acetate monomer (VAM). SILC was characterized by1HNMR, FT-IR, TGA, BET, and N2adsorption/desorption and the acetylene method was used to evaluate SILC catalytic activity and stability in fixed reactor. The result shows that 1-allyl-3-acetic ether imidazole acetate ionic liquid is successfully fixed within mesoporous channel of silica gel. The average thickness of ionic liquid catalyst layer is about 1.05 nm. When the catalytic temperature is 195°C, the acetic acid (HAc) conversion is 10.9% with 1.1 g vinyl acetate yield and 98% vinyl acetate (VAc) selectivity. The HAc conversion is increased by rise of catalytic temperature and molar ratio of C2H2 : HAc and decreased by mass space velocity (WHSV). The catalyst activity is not significantly reduced within 7 days and VAc selectivity has a slight decrease.

Preparation and Property of Y-Mg-Al-Layered Double Oxides

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 764-767
Author(s):  
Tai Xuan Jia ◽  
Ji Chang Zhang ◽  
Zi Li Liu
Keyword(s):  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Liquid Hourly Space Velocity ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Micro Reactor ◽  
Acetone Condensation

Y-Mg-Al-layered double Oxides (Y-Mg-Al-LDO) were prepared by calcining Y3+-doped Mg-Al-layered hydrotalcites at 823 K for 8 h from co-precipitation method. The samples were detected by XRD and CO2-TPD. Micro-structure and essential regularity were disclosed. The acetone condensation reaction as a probe reaction was carried on fixed-bed micro-reactor at reactive temperature 673 K, reactive time 3 h and liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) 6 h-1 over Y-Mg-Al-LDO. The catalyst evaluation results show that Y-Mg-Al-LDO possess high catalytic activity. The maximum value of acetone conversion reached 37.53%. The selectivity and single-pass-yield of isophorone were 55.66% and 20.89%, respectively.

Carbonaceous nano-additives augment microwave-enabled thermal remediation of soils containing petroleum hydrocarbons

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 997-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onur G. Apul ◽  
Anca G. Delgado ◽  
Justin Kidd ◽  
Fabiha Alam ◽  
Paul Dahlen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Heavy Hydrocarbons ◽  
Thermal Remediation ◽  
Nano Additives ◽  
Environmental Challenge

Remediating soils contaminated with heavy hydrocarbons (C12–C40) from petrochemical exploration activities is a major environmental challenge across the globe.

Upgrading FCC Light Cycle Oil

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Raluca Elena Dragomir ◽  
Paul Rosca ◽  
Traian Juganaru
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Light Cycle ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Light Cycle Oil ◽  
Industrial Catalyst ◽  
Liquid Hourly Space Velocity ◽  
Catalyst Type ◽  
Cycle Oil

This paper presents options for increasing production of diesel fuel in a refinery by FCC light cycle oil (LCO) hydrotreating together with the straight run gas oil (SRGO). The experiments consist of hydrotreating mixtures of 10, 20% LCO and 90% and respectively 80% SRGO at 360, 380�C, two liquid hourly space velocity 0.9 h-1, 1.2 h-1, pressure 50 bar in the presence of two industrial catalyst type Co/Mo and NiMo. The research has focused on the influence of LCO/SRGO ratio, type of catalyst and hydrotreating conditions on diesel fuel quality compared with characteristics required by standard EN 590.

scholarly journals Optimization of Bio-Hydrogenated Kerosene from Refined Palm Oil by Catalytic Hydrocracking

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 3196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praepilas Dujjanutat ◽  
Arthit Neramittagapong ◽  
Pakawadee Kaewkannetra
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Reaction Pathway ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Mass Percentage ◽  
Carbon Loss ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Liquid Hourly Space Velocity ◽  
Al2o3 Catalyst

In this work, hydro-processing was used as an alternative route for producing bio-hydrogenated kerosene (BHK) from refined bleached deodorized palm oil (RPO) in the presence of a 0.5 wt% Pd/Al2O3 catalyst. The Box-Behnken Design was used to determine the effects of reaction temperature, H2 pressure, and reaction time in terms of liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) on BHK production. The kerosene selectivity was used as the response for staticial interpretation. The results show that both temperature and LHSV produced significant effects, whereas H2 pressure did not. The optimal conditions were found to be 483 °C, 5.0 MPa, and 1.4 h−1 LHSV; these conditions provided approximately 57.30% kerosene selectivity and a 47.46% yield. The BHK product had a good heating value and flash point. However, the mass percentage of carbon and hydrogen was 99.1%, which is just below the minimum standard (99.5%), according to the carbon loss by the reaction pathway to form as CO and CO2. Water can be produced from the reaction induced by oxygen removal, which results in a high freezing point.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document