Evaluating the Magnitude and Spatial Extent of Disruptions Across Interdependent National Infrastructure Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Conrad Zorn ◽  
Raghav Pant ◽  
Scott Thacker ◽  
Asaad Y. Shamseldin
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Infrastructure Networks ◽  
Passenger Rail ◽  
Failure Event ◽  
Failure Propagation ◽  
National Networks ◽  
National Infrastructure

Abstract Critical infrastructure networks are geographically distributed systems spanning multiple scales. These networks are increasingly interdependent for normal operations, which causes localized asset failures from natural hazards or man-made interference to propagate across multiple networks, affecting those far removed from an initiating failure event. This paper provides methodology to identify such failure propagation effects by quantifying the spatial variability in magnitude, frequency, and disruptive reach of failures across national infrastructure networks. To achieve this, we present methodology to combine functionally interdependent infrastructure networks with geographic interdependencies by simulating complete asset failures across a national scale grid of spatially localized hazards. A range of metrics are introduced to compare the systemic vulnerabilities of infrastructure systems and the resulting spatial variability in both the potential for initiating widespread failures and the risk of being impacted by distant hazards. We demonstrate the approach through an application in New Zealand of infrastructures across the energy (electricity, petroleum supply), water and waste (water supply, wastewater, solid waste), telecommunications (mobile networks), and transportation sectors (passenger rail, ferry, air, and state highways). In addition to identifying nationally significant systemic vulnerabilities, we observe that nearly half (46%) of the total disruptions across the simulation set can be attributed to network propagation initiated asset failures. This highlights the importance in considering interdependencies when assessing infrastructure risks and prioritizing investment decisions for enhancing resilience of national networks.

scholarly journals Infrastructure failure propagations and recovery strategies from an Alpine Fault earthquake scenario

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-96
Author(s):  
Alistair Davies ◽  
Conrad Zorn ◽  
Thomas Wilson ◽  
Liam Wotherspoon ◽  
Sarah Beavan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Performance ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Integrated Modelling ◽  
Earthquake Scenario ◽  
Infrastructure Networks ◽  
Hazard Exposure ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
Impact Reduction ◽  
National Networks

While it is well established that community members should participate in resilience planning, participation with genuine decision-making power remains rare. We detail an end-to-end disaster impact reduction modelling framework for infrastructure networks, embedded within a scenario-based participatory approach. Utilising the AF8+ earthquake scenario, we simulate hazard exposure, asset failure and recovery of interdependent critical infrastructure networks. Quantifying service levels temporally offers insights into possible interdependent network performance and community disconnection from national networks, not apparent when studying each infrastructure in isolation. Sequencing participation enables feedbacks between integrated modelling and participants’ impact assessments. Shared ownership of modelling outputs advances stakeholders’ understanding of resilience measures, allowing real-time implementation, increasing community resilience. Readily understood by central government, this format may increase support and resourcing, if nationally significant. Finally, this method tested integrated modelling and impacts assessments, identifying and enabling improvements for both.

scholarly journals Identifying Sensitive Components in Infrastructure Networks via Critical Flows

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Williams
Keyword(s):  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Centrality Measures ◽  
Critical Flow ◽  
Infrastructure Networks ◽  
Component Importance ◽  
Infrastructure System ◽  
Critical Components ◽  
The Impact

This paper introduces a novel set of component importance measures that are based on the concept of critical flow. Various research communities have developed techniques for identifying critical components of networks. The methods in this paper extend previous work on flow-based centrality measures by adapting them to the assessment of critical infrastructure in urban systems. The motivation is to provide municipalities with a means of reasoning about the impact of urban interventions. An infrastructure system is represented as a flow network in which demand nodes are assigned both demand values and criticality ratings. Sensitive elements in the network are those that carry critical flows, where a flow is deemed critical to the extent that it satisfies critical demand. A method for computing these flows is presented, and its utility is demonstrated by comparing the new measures to existing flow centrality measures. The paper also shows how the method may be combined with standard approaches to reliability analysis.

scholarly journals Effects of spatial variability on the exposure of fish to hypoxia: a modeling analysis for the Gulf of Mexico

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth D. LaBone ◽  
Kenneth A. Rose ◽  
Dubravko Justic ◽  
Haosheng Huang ◽  
Lixia Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Northern Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Hypoxic Zone ◽  
Modeling Analysis

Abstract. The hypoxic zone in the northern Gulf of Mexico varies spatially (area, location) and temporally (onset, duration) on multiple scales. Exposure to hypoxic dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations (

scholarly journals The Economic Impact of Critical National Infrastructure Failure Due to Space Weather

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J. Oughton
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Space Weather ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Satellite Communications ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Infrastructure Failure ◽  
National Infrastructure

Space weather is a collective term for different solar or space phenomena that can detrimentally affect technology. However, current understanding of space weather hazards is still relatively embryonic in comparison to terrestrial natural hazards such as hurricanes, earthquakes, or tsunamis. Indeed, certain types of space weather such as large Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) are an archetypal example of a low-probability, high-severity hazard. Few major events, short time-series data, and the lack of consensus regarding the potential impacts on critical infrastructure have hampered the economic impact assessment of space weather. Yet, space weather has the potential to disrupt a wide range of Critical National Infrastructure (CNI) systems including electricity transmission, satellite communications and positioning, aviation, and rail transportation. In the early 21st century, there has been growing interest in these potential economic and societal impacts. Estimates range from millions of dollars of equipment damage from the Quebec 1989 event, to some analysts asserting that losses will be in the billions of dollars in the wider economy from potential future disaster scenarios. Hence, the origin and development of the socioeconomic evaluation of space weather is tracked, from 1989 to 2017, and future research directions for the field are articulated. Since 1989, many economic analyzes of space weather hazards have often completely overlooked the physical impacts on infrastructure assets and the topology of different infrastructure networks. Moreover, too many studies have relied on qualitative assumptions about the vulnerability of CNI. By modeling both the vulnerability of critical infrastructure and the socioeconomic impacts of failure, the total potential impacts of space weather can be estimated, providing vital information for decision makers in government and industry. Efforts on this subject have historically been relatively piecemeal, which has led to little exploration of model sensitivities, particularly in relation to different assumption sets about infrastructure failure and restoration. Improvements may be expedited in this research area by open-sourcing model code, increasing the existing level of data sharing, and improving multidisciplinary research collaborations between scientists, engineers, and economists.

Toward a Smart City of Interdependent Critical Infrastructure Networks

2018 ◽  
pp. 21-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif I. Sarwat ◽  
Aditya Sundararajan ◽  
Imtiaz Parvez ◽  
Masood Moghaddami ◽  
Amir Moghadasi
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Infrastructure Networks

scholarly journals EXPLORING THE EVIDENCE ON CHANGES IN TIME VARYING VOLATILITY AROUND BONUS AND RIGHT ISSUSE: A STUDY BASED ON KSE

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tariq ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Organizational Strategies ◽  
Catastrophic Events ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
National Infrastructure

Purpose The purpose of this research article is understand the concept of resilience and risk management in relation to the challenges of risk and security associated to critical national infrastructure as well as from the effects of catastrophic events, with emphasis on the case scenario of Pakistan. The objectives of this research article include establishing the importance of resilience in the risk management approaches and how it is integrated in the organizational strategies and Governmental policies. Methodology/sampling- This is based on theoretical evolution and case study based approach to explore the depth of the issue related to critical national infrastructure and from catastrophic events. Findings- The article highlights the issues and risks associated to critical national infrastructure of the countries, with emphasis on the issues of critical national infrastructure of Pakistan. It analyzes the current status and need of establishing the resilient critical infrastructure in light of previous disastrous events in the country and discuss challenges associated with the development of the frameworks and strategies pertaining to the research question. Practical Implications- Our study recommends how to initiate the basic approach towards the development of a resilient national infrastructure.

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